Nora Hunter

Summary

Affiliation: Institute for Animal Health
Country: UK

Publications

  1. ncbi Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion
    Nora Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 83:2897-905. 2002
  2. ncbi PrP genetics in sheep and the applications for scrapie and BSE
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Trends Microbiol 5:331-4. 1997
  3. ncbi Scrapie
    N Hunter
    Institute of Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK
    Mol Biotechnol 9:225-34. 1998
  4. ncbi Scrapie-free Merino and Poll Dorset sheep from Australia and New Zealand have normal frequencies of scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 79:2079-82. 1998
  5. ncbi Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches
    Nora Hunter
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Roslin Institute, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:619-28. 2007
  6. ncbi Can prion diseases be transmitted between individuals via blood transfusion: evidence from sheep experiments
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Dev Biol (Basel) 108:93-8. 2002
  7. ncbi Ovine prion protein variant A(136)R(154)L(168)Q(171) increases resistance to experimental challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent
    Wilfred Goldmann
    Institute for Animal Health IAH, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 87:3741-5. 2006
  8. ncbi Prion diseases: BSE in sheep bred for resistance to infection
    Fiona Houston
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    Nature 423:498. 2003
  9. ncbi Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats
    J D Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
    Vet Rec 148:165-71. 2001
  10. ncbi Quantification of Peyer's patches in Cheviot sheep for future scrapie pathogenesis studies
    Suzanne G St Rose
    Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Scotland, UK
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 116:163-71. 2007

Detail Information

Publications48

  1. ncbi Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion
    Nora Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 83:2897-905. 2002
    ..These results confirm the risks of TSE infection via blood products and suggest that the measures taken to restrict the use of blood in the UK have been fully justified...
  2. ncbi PrP genetics in sheep and the applications for scrapie and BSE
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Trends Microbiol 5:331-4. 1997
    ....
  3. ncbi Scrapie
    N Hunter
    Institute of Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK
    Mol Biotechnol 9:225-34. 1998
    ..It is these structures and their differing abilities to convert to PrPSC that hold the key to understanding why TSEs occur...
  4. ncbi Scrapie-free Merino and Poll Dorset sheep from Australia and New Zealand have normal frequencies of scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 79:2079-82. 1998
    ..These results have implications for the genetic control of occurrence of the equivalent human diseases...
  5. ncbi Scrapie: uncertainties, biology and molecular approaches
    Nora Hunter
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Roslin Institute, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:619-28. 2007
    ..The accompanying increase in surveillance has also discovered a novel type of scrapie, the subject of much speculation about its origin...
  6. ncbi Can prion diseases be transmitted between individuals via blood transfusion: evidence from sheep experiments
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Dev Biol (Basel) 108:93-8. 2002
    ..Our studies, however, reinforce the possibility that whole blood donated by pre-clinical vCJD-infected humans may represent a risk of spreading vCJD infection among the human population of the U.K...
  7. ncbi Ovine prion protein variant A(136)R(154)L(168)Q(171) increases resistance to experimental challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent
    Wilfred Goldmann
    Institute for Animal Health IAH, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 87:3741-5. 2006
    ..In contrast, the L141F polymorphism does not appear to be associated with susceptibility to intravenous BSE challenge...
  8. ncbi Prion diseases: BSE in sheep bred for resistance to infection
    Fiona Houston
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    Nature 423:498. 2003
  9. ncbi Clinical signs, histopathology and genetics of experimental transmission of BSE and natural scrapie to sheep and goats
    J D Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
    Vet Rec 148:165-71. 2001
    ..The incubation period of BSE was associated with the sheep PrP codon 171 genotype, but the natural scrapie source, despite inducing disease only in known susceptible genotypes, showed no clear association with PrP genotype...
  10. ncbi Quantification of Peyer's patches in Cheviot sheep for future scrapie pathogenesis studies
    Suzanne G St Rose
    Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Scotland, UK
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 116:163-71. 2007
    ..They may also offer a possible biological explanation for the apparent age-susceptibility relationship observed in natural cases of TSEs and might help to explain the young age-distribution of cases...
  11. ncbi Scrapie and experimental BSE in sheep
    Nora Hunter
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK
    Br Med Bull 66:171-83. 2003
    ..Sheep orally dosed with BSE show signs of infection in their blood and this model is of major importance in the study of the safety of blood products for use with human beings...
  12. ncbi Different scrapie-associated fibril proteins (PrP) are encoded by lines of sheep selected for different alleles of the Sip gene
    W Goldmann
    Institute for Animal Health, AFRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, U K
    J Gen Virol 72:2411-7. 1991
    ..These results provide new evidence that the PrP protein may be a product of the Sip locus...
  13. ncbi Comparative evidence for a link between Peyer's patch development and susceptibility to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    Suzanne G St Rose
    Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, King s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    BMC Infect Dis 6:5. 2006
    ....
  14. ncbi Linkage of the gene for the scrapie-associated fibril protein (PrP) to the Sip gene in Cheviot sheep
    N Hunter
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
    Vet Rec 124:364-6. 1989
    ..Using these polymorphisms it is now possible to assign a Sip genotype to the sheep in the Cheviot flock. Preliminary results from Anglo-Nubian goats and a cow are also reported...
  15. ncbi Lateral transmission of natural scrapie to scrapie-free New Zealand sheep placed in an endemically infected UK flock
    J Foster
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF
    Vet Rec 159:633-4. 2006
  16. ncbi Genetic variability of the PrP gene in a goat herd in the UK
    W Goldmann
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Ogston Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh
    Vet Rec 155:177-8. 2004
  17. ncbi BSE - a wolf in sheep's clothing?
    Matthew Baylis
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, Berkshire, UK RG20 7NN
    Trends Microbiol 10:563-70. 2002
    ..Here, we review the likelihood that any UK sheep have BSE, how they might have got it, how a case could be identified and what the Government is doing in terms of surveillance and possible control methods...
  18. ncbi Maternal transmission studies of BSE in sheep
    J D Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 85:3159-63. 2004
    ....
  19. ncbi Derivation of a scrapie-free sheep flock from the progeny of a flock affected by scrapie
    J Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, West Mains Road, Edinburgh
    Vet Rec 159:42-5. 2006
    ..The results confirm that scrapie is not a genetic disease dependent only on the PrP gene sequence, but requires both genetic susceptibility and an infectious agent...
  20. ncbi Use of a new immunoassay to measure PrP Sc levels in scrapie-infected sheep brains reveals PrP genotype-specific differences
    S McCutcheon
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK
    J Immunol Methods 298:119-28. 2005
    ..Using this method, we have shown for the first time that, in sheep, the PrP genotype has a significant influence on the amount of PrP Sc deposited in the brains of animals experimentally infected with scrapie...
  21. ncbi Nor98-like sheep scrapie in the United Kingdom in 1989
    M E Bruce
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Ogston Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF
    Vet Rec 160:665-6. 2007
  22. ncbi Frequencies of PrP gene haplotypes in British sheep flocks and the implications for breeding programmes
    W Goldmann
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Ogston Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Scotland, UK
    J Appl Microbiol 98:1294-302. 2005
    ..To analyse the frequencies of prion (PrP) gene haplotypes in UK sheep flocks and evaluate their relevance to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and TSE resistance breeding programmes in sheep...
  23. ncbi Scrapie epidemic in a fully PrP-genotyped sheep flock
    M Baylis
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    J Gen Virol 83:2907-14. 2002
    ..Scrapie risk group (as defined by PrP genotype) was not associated with submission as a scrapie suspect but later found to be negative, or with dying of unknown causes on the farm...
  24. ncbi New ovine PrP gene haplotypes as a result of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PrP gene promoter
    G T O'Neill
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Anim Breed Genet 122:86-94. 2005
    ..The range of transcription factor binding motif profiles in the PrP gene promoter may act to modulate PrP gene activity and warrants further large-scale study...
  25. ncbi Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: transmission, mechanism of disease, and persistence
    J Foster
    Institute for Animal Health Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Ogston Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JF, UK
    Curr Opin Microbiol 1:442-7. 1998
    ..Recent studies have been trying to resolve these issues...
  26. ncbi Molecular analysis of ovine prion protein identifies similarities between BSE and an experimental isolate of natural scrapie, CH1641
    J Hope
    BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire, UK
    J Gen Virol 80:1-4. 1999
    ..Interestingly, we found at least one isolate of natural scrapie (CH 1641) with a very similar, but not identical, PrPsc profile to BSE but which differs from BSE in its transmission characteristics to mice...
  27. ncbi The shortest known prion protein gene allele occurs in goats, has only three octapeptide repeats and is non-pathogenic
    W Goldmann
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 79:3173-6. 1998
    ..One goat heterozygous for the polymorphism was challenged experimentally with SSBP/1-scrapie and succumbed after an unusually long incubation period...
  28. ncbi Immunodetection of PrPSc in spleens of some scrapie-infected sheep but not BSE-infected cows
    R A Somerville
    BBSRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 78:2389-96. 1997
    ..It is therefore suggested that there is differential targeting of PrPSc deposition between organs in these different types of TSE infection which, with other factors, depends on strain of infecting agent...
  29. ncbi Novel polymorphisms in the caprine PrP gene: a codon 142 mutation associated with scrapie incubation period
    W Goldmann
    Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 77:2885-91. 1996
    ....
  30. ncbi PrP (prion) gene expression in sheep may be modulated by alternative polyadenylation of its messenger RNA
    W Goldmann
    Neuropathogenesis Unit, BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 80:2275-83. 1999
    ....
  31. ncbi Partial dissociation of PrP(Sc) deposition and vacuolation in the brains of scrapie and BSE experimentally affected goats
    J Foster
    BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 82:267-73. 2001
    ..However, our study warns that the reliance on PrP(Sc) determination by icc alone as a means by which to diagnose TSE infection may generate false negative results...
  32. ncbi The signature of scrapie: differences in the PrP genotype profile of scrapie-affected and scrapie-free UK sheep flocks
    M Baylis
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 267:2029-35. 2000
    ..Similar patterns were not detected in the scrapie-free flocks, indicating that these losses are associated with scrapie infection as well as genotype...
  33. ncbi Distribution of the prion protein in sheep terminally affected with BSE following experimental oral transmission
    J D Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    J Gen Virol 82:2319-26. 2001
    ..A number of genetically susceptible, challenged animals appear to have survived...
  34. ncbi New Zealand sheep with scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes succumb to experimental challenge with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1)
    E Fiona Houston
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    J Gen Virol 83:1247-50. 2002
    ..The results confirm that New Zealand sheep are as susceptible as their UK counterparts to experimental scrapie infection by subcutaneous inoculation...
  35. ncbi Experimentally induced bovine spongiform encephalopathy did not transmit via goat embryos
    J Foster
    Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    J Gen Virol 80:517-24. 1999
    ....
  36. ncbi Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: a scrapie-like disease of British cattle
    J Hope
    Institute for Animal Health, AFRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh
    Prog Clin Biol Res 317:659-67. 1989
    ..BSE-affected brains contain abnormal forms of the bovine homologue of PrP. This provides biochemical evidence that BSE is cattle scrapie rather than cattle AD...
  37. ncbi Differential expression of Prnp and Sprn in scrapie infected sheep also reveals Prnp genotype specific differences
    A G Gossner
    Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, UK
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 378:862-6. 2009
    ..In addition, infection with SSBP/1 scrapie seems to have little effect on either PrP or Shadoo expression levels...
  38. ncbi Expression of PrPC on cellular components of sheep blood
    S Halliday
    Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
    J Gen Virol 86:1571-9. 2005
    ....
  39. ncbi Comparison of expression patterns of PrP mRNA in the developing sheep and mouse
    N Hunter
    Institute for Animal Health, AFRC/MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, Scotland
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 724:353-4. 1994
  40. ncbi Scrapie-associated fibrils, PrP protein and the Sinc gene
    J Hope
    AFRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Ciba Found Symp 135:146-63. 1988
    ..We have evidence for a linkage of the PrP gene and Sinc using inbred mice of known Sinc genotype, including VM(Sincp7) and VM(Sincs7) congenic mice. PrP may even be the protein product of the Sinc gene...
  41. ncbi Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain scrapie-associated protein
    J Hope
    Institute for Animal Health, AFRC and MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK
    Nature 336:390-2. 1988
    ..This confirms that BSE is a scrapie-like disease...
  42. ncbi Architecture of secondary lymphoid tissue in sheep experimentally challenged with scrapie
    Marie L Davies
    Centre for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Immunology 111:230-6. 2004
    ..We demonstrate that an accumulation of PrPsc in the lymph node fails to result in gross defects in the microanatomy and phenotype of T- and B-cell areas in the lymph nodes...
  43. ncbi Phenotype of disease-associated PrP accumulation in the brain of bovine spongiform encephalopathy experimentally infected sheep
    Lorenzo Gonzalez
    Veterinary Laboratories Agency VLA Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
    J Gen Virol 86:827-38. 2005
    ....
  44. ncbi Immunohistochemical characteristics of disease-associated PrP are not altered by host genotype or route of inoculation following infection of sheep with bovine spongiform encephalopathy
    Stuart Martin
    Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA-Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
    J Gen Virol 86:839-48. 2005
    ....
  45. ncbi The neuropathologic phenotype of experimental ovine BSE is maintained after blood transfusion
    Silvia Sisó
    Veterinary Laboratories Agency VLA Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, UK
    Blood 108:745-8. 2006
    ..This suggests that a change in the pathologic phenotype of vCJD would not be expected as a result of exposure to infected blood...
  46. ncbi Genotype-level variation in lifetime breeding success, litter size and survival of sheep in scrapie-affected flocks
    Margo E Chase-Topping
    Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine CTVM, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
    J Gen Virol 86:1229-38. 2005
    ..One possible explanation for these results is the effect of pre-clinical scrapie. Additional evidence supporting this hypothesis is discussed...
  47. ncbi Role of lymph-borne cells in the early stages of scrapie agent dissemination from the skin
    Anton Gossner
    Division of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 109:267-78. 2006
    ....
  48. ncbi Laboratory studies of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
    Nora Hunter
    Lancet 360:488-9. 2002