Jonathan Shepherd

..To assess the prevalence of alcohol misuse in the night-time economy...

..This article describes some of those initiatives and the evidence underpinning them...

..Licensed premises offer a valuable point of intervention to reduce alcohol-related harm...

..Individuals and communities would benefit substantially if every surgical specialty incorporated prevention--a professionally highly-rewarding activity--into its training curriculum...

..Human rights legislation safeguards the privacy and dignity of patients...

..Compared to links between alcohol and aggression, links between alcohol and vulnerability are poorly understood...

..Therefore, measures that lead to a reduction in offending should also lead to a reduction in concurrent injuries. Negative relations between a range of antisocial behaviours and respiratory tract illness deserve further study...

..Together with established and cost-effective preschool education and early family support, targeted policing and increasing rates of conviction should be integrated into strategies for injury prevention...

..An antisocial lifestyle is associated with injury but also with less organic illness up to the age of 32. It is not known if these associations persist into the fifth decade...

..In part, this reflects lack of longitudinal studies designed to link offending and other antisocial behaviour, injury and illness...

..To audit emergency department (ED) responses to violence in which children are injured in violence in a European capital city...

..Relationships between violence-related injury and potential risk factors in England and Wales were investigated over a five-year period, 1st May 1995 to 30th April 2000...

..05). The findings indicate that injury reduction effort should be intensified at the known risk times for violence and that in a capital city/regional centre violence cannot be predicted on the basis of ambient conditions...

..To evaluate overall, gender and age-specific trends in violence in England and Wales from an accident and emergency (A&E) perspective...

..The reasons for significant trends in individual urban centres deserve further study, and could provide important new directions for violence prevention...

..This paper reviews successful interventions: their rationale and how oral and maxillofacial surgeons can contribute to local injury prevention...

..Injury severity varied by number of assailants and age of the patient--peaking at 47 years--but not by number of injuries. Preventing the use of feet in violence, and preventing group violence should be major priorities...

..Strategies, practical ideas to overcome obstacles, and directions for future research are suggested...

..To evaluate the effect of closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance on levels of assault injury and violence detection...

..The purpose of this study was to produce a clinically useful, patient-derived, minor oral surgery outcome scale...

..These relationships are complex and future research should consider not only causality of adolescent substance use, but also of the aetiology of the satellite behaviours...

..The incidence of injury sustained in community violence is biphasic: is highest during July to September and lowest during February to April. National A&E department violence surveillance provides a unique perspective...

..To determine the extent to which community violence that results in injury treated in emergency departments appears in official police records and to identify age/gender groups at particular risk of under-recording by the police...

..Although international sports events attract huge interest, and results can be a barometer of popular national standing, their impact on violent behaviour has not been investigated...

..Harm reduction can be achieved through practical measures like plastic glasses and bottles in licensed premises, controlling drinks prices and targeted policing organized on the basis of police and accident and emergency data...

..Prohibiting the sale of alcohol to intoxicated patrons by licensees and their staff requires definitions of drunkenness...

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..Prevention strategies should focus on both bottle and glass assaults and should take account of the setting and time in which drinking occurs...

..To investigate the association between material deprivation and injury sustained in violence by adolescents aged 11-17 years...

..CONCLUSION: A proportion of young men change their alcohol consumption following alcohol-related injury. A nurse-led psychological intervention adds significantly to the proportion and magnitude of response...

..These components were also combined into an overall scale that will enable objective outcome assessment in this important area of medical care...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that rates of cigarette smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use rise rapidly in the early teenage years, with higher rates of smoking in girls and drinking in boys...

..To identify major concerns of national and local importance in the provision, commissioning, research, and use of generalist end of life care...

..A pilot project to evaluate the methodology for specialty mapping was undertaken in the area of child and adolescent health. Two case studies are presented, in the area of sexually transmitted infections and acute pain...