M Bower

..To evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on Kaposi's sarcoma...

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..Recent improvements in outcome have been reported with systemic chemotherapy in HIV-PCNSL and may influence the need for earlier definitive diagnosis in the future...

..This study assessed the utility of the total lymphocyte count (TLC) in place of the CD4 count to predict the development of AIDS defining opportunistic infections (ADOI)...

..Metabolic abnormalities associated with antiretrovirals and cumulative exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy, including dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, have been linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction...

..0001). CONCLUSION: PKS remains an ominous diagnosis in the era of HAART, with a median survival of just 1.6 years...

..This clinical response, known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), occurs secondary to an immune response against previously diagnosed pathogens...

..Low-dose ddI 250 mg once daily plus TDF as part of antiretroviral therapy was effective...

..In conclusion, no differences were observed between choice of drug or combination on cholesterol or triglyceride values during therapy. Older individuals may be more likely to have elevated cholesterol values...

..Systemic activation of cytokines was limited, suggesting that immunosuppressive therapy with steroids is not indicated in HHV-8-driven HPS...

..78). The overall survival has not improved since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (log rank P=0.4). Thus, HIV-related GCT is not more aggressive than GCT in the general population...

..To compare the immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in treatment-naive patients with a baseline CD4 count of <200 cells/mm(3)...

..001). Effective HAART-induced maintenance of the adaptive immune system (CD4, CD8 and CD19 counts) protects from HIV-related mortality...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data should provide reassurance for clinicians wishing to introduce a new antiretroviral into an established cohort...

..In HIV cohorts with access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is falling; however, the incidence of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) in HIV has not previously been described...

..All but one of the patients died of cancer with a median survival of 28 months. Head and neck cancer occurs more frequently in HIV. It is an aggressive disease and EBV may play a role in its pathogenesis...

..01)). The outcome of patients with relapsed GTN is good. However, patients with primary chemo-refractory disease do poorly and novel therapies are required for this group of patients...

..After a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 9% of the patients died from GCT. Most of the mortality relates to HIV infection...

..We investigated the utility of brain CT in determining the outcome of leptomeningeal disease, despite MR imaging being the gold standard...

..For selected patients with good prognosis ARL 12 weeks BEMOP/CA therapy produces good overall survival at 2 years...

..However, routine anal cytological screening will surely have to await an effective proved intervention for AIN and this would seem to be a pressing clinical goal...

..Five were diploid biparental tumors following term pregnancies, and three were androgenetic tumors following monospermic complete hydatidiform moles...

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..We present the clinical features and treatment outcomes of anal cancer in 60 HIV-positive patients over a 20-year period...

..In the era of HAART, the goal of therapy for these patients is now complete remission rather than palliation...

..These findings have implications for the treatment of individuals presenting with serious infections in which antibiotic therapy needs to be instituted before identification and sensitivities are known...

..INTERPRETATION: These results indicate that 52 weeks of tenofovir in addition to antiretroviral therapy is active against HBV, and it appears to overcome lamivudine resistance...

..However, EBV may also be detected in the CSF of patients without PCL, and here the significance is uncertain...

..Overall, clinical response in KS correlates poorly with known angiogenic cytokines...

..This suggests that the survival of patients with HIV-related NSCLC may have improved since the introduction of HAART, and this may be due to a decrease in HIV-related deaths...

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..Thus lung cancer and possibly other non-AIDS-defining malignancies may become an increasingly frequent problem whose prognosis has not improved in the era of HAART...

..This preliminary study demonstrates that thalidomide has activity in the treatment of AIDS-KS and that clinical response is associated with a reduction of HHV8 DNA titre in peripheral blood...

..Earlier highly active anti-retroviral therapy initiation and wider access to HIV testing is advocated to reduce the risk of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..The interval between antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis in high-risk GTT is of prognostic significance. This gives some insight into the pathogenesis of the disease...

..We propose that before immunotherapeutic manipulation of T(regs) is considered, the immunoregulatory profile and distribution kinetics of this population in chronic HIV-1 infection must be elucidated fully...

..We present three cases of IRIS following a diagnosis of AIDS related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that resembled lymphoma relapse...

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..These topics are covered in this article and their potential application to the clinical management of AIDS-related lymphomas are discussed...

..Thus, sensitive prostate-specific antigen assays offer accurate prognostic information and expedite decision-making regarding the use of salvage prostate-bed radiotherapy or hormone therapy...

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..Previous studies have reached differing conclusions about the utility of anal cytology as a screening tool for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). There is a need also to establish whether HPV typing offers a useful adjunct to screening...

..Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection also appears to be worthwhile in chemotherapy-resistant disease ('desperation retroperitoneal lymph node dissection'), although the relapse rate is higher in this group...

..Chemoradiotherapy remains the mainstay of management for anal cancer, has a central role in cervical cancer and non-AIDS defining malignancies in this population...

..To describe the computed tomography (CT) features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Castleman's disease...

..Research is an increasingly important aspect of higher medical training for many doctors. Studies investigating sources of stress, isolation, and workplace bullying have not previously sought information in this setting...

..We conclude that LOH for chromosome 10 is an independent, adverse prognostic variable in high-grade glioma...

..However, since the antibodies were only able to cross-react with partly denatured TNFalpha, evaluation of safety and tumour responses to the TNFalpha vaccine was compromised...

..This emphasizes that while monitoring for adverse effects is recommended, physicians must consider all alternative causes for biochemical abnormalities prior to discontinuing tenofovir and delaying appropriate management...

..To validate and improve the existing algorithm (proposed by Hans et al.) to classify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)...

..Little is known of the expression, regulation or function of the DUSPs in human neoplasia...

..The results support the importance of infection control measures in the prevention of C. difficile-related disease...