Erdem Yesilada

..In a previous study, a flavonol diglucoside i.e., kaempferol 3-O-1''-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-1'''-beta-D-glucopyranoside (KGG) was isolated as the major antiulcerogenic constituent from the plant...

..Urgent scientific field surveys should be conducted among the native people in order to document the wealth of knowledge on folk medicine, other than Unani medicine, before it will be lost by the erosive effects of modernization...

..Acute and subchronic toxicity studies were also performed...

..Traditional practitioners have become the main component of disease management in the Middle East and they have used herbal remedies along with spiritual techniques for the treatment of ailments mainly based on the Unani medicine...

..5+/-8.6mg (gallic acid equivalent/1g extract) and total flavanoids 50.5+/-1.9mg (quercetin equivalent/1g extract) for ethanol extract, total phenols: 75.9+/-3.7, flavonoids: 31.5+/-2.3 for water extract using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent...

..In order to discuss the role of polyphenolic components in the relevant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents of each extract were also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and a positive correlation was observed...

..The results showed that EtOAc Fr. was rich in polyphenolics and possessed a significant antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activity equipotent with the reference hypoglycaemic agent (tolbutamide), when evaluated in diabetic rats...

..Subsequently, three flavonoids were shown to have strong antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, per os without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage...

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..On the other hand, none of the extracts showed any significant antinociceptive activity...

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..Rhododendron ponticum L. (Ericaceae) is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and to alleviate rheumatic pain and against toothache in Turkish traditional medicine...

..On the basis of the available data, the structure-activity relationship of the series of 2-[[4-(substituted-phenyl/benzyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3(2H) pyridazinones is also discussed...

..However, all the compounds showed no effect in the TPA-induced ear edema model. The compounds 1 and 2 also exhibited significant antinociceptive activity...

..The leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. are used in Turkish folk medicine for treatment of high fever, rheumatic pains, snake bites and wounds...

..Further attempts to isolate and define the active constituent(s) were inconclusive, possibly due to the synergistic interaction of components in the extract...

..Roots of Onosma species are used for the treatment of various disorders such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, hemorrhoids as well as alleviating pains in folk medicine in Turkey...

..These new compounds therefore deserve further attention to develop new lead drugs...

..At 114 mg/kg oral dose quercetin-3,7-dimethyl-ether was shown to possess potent antioxidative activity...

..Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae) species have been used to various inflammatory and infectious diseases such as bronchitis, colds, cough, fungal infections, hemorrhoids, gynecological diseases, and wounds in Turkish folk medicine...

..The aerial parts of Eqiusetum palustre L. is used to treat peptic ulcer in Karaman, Turkey...

..Among the synthesized compounds 3d showed the highest analgesic and antiinflammatory activity without inducing any gastric lesion and deserves further attention in order to develop new lead drug candidates...

..Accordingly, it is suggested that these components in phenolic fraction might possibly share the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities together...

..The same compound and the extract were also found to be highly active in (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model whereas auriculasin and the H(2)O extract showed to be inactive in all of the assays...

..Based on the results obtained it is suggested that the aqueous extract of Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds display anti-inflammatory activity, supporting the folkloric use...

..Several Centaurea species are used to alleviate pain and inflammatory symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis, high fever, and head ache in Turkish folk medicine...

..Furthermore, a mixture of flavonoid glycosides (2 + 3) exhibited a significant inhibitory effect in both models at a higher dose...

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..The findings obtained in the experiments demonstrated that European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) subspecies possess potent antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activity depending on host plant...

..A various decrease in antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity was observed by amidation of the carboxylic acid moiety of this compound...

..Several Lamium species have been used to relieve pain in arthritic ailments in Turkish folk medicine...

..On the other hand, active compounds did not show any toxic effect on acute toxicity (3 days administration) evaluation tests in mice...

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..Since compound 3k exhibits both antiinflammatory-analgesic activity and MAO-B inhibition, it needs further detailed studies...

..However, all alkaloids induced gastric lesions in varying degrees...

..The compounds 8a and 8c, but not 8b have the longest carbon chain on alkanoic acid moiety did not induce gastric lesion in mice...

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..Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of HBM were found to be 145 and 59.3 mg/100 g of honey, which were estimated as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively...

..Among the compounds synthesized, compound (4e) was found the most active derivative in terms of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, without gastric lesions and bleeding at the given dose...

..Gas chromatographic-mass spectrophotometric analysis of the active alkaloid fraction revealed that lycopodine (84.5%) is the major component...

..cruzi with the n-hexane extract of S. sclarea being the most active against the latter. The extracts displayed low or no cytotoxicity towards mammalian L6 cells...

..Furthermore, healing effects were also confirmed through histopathological examination...

..Olive oil extract of the flowering aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) is a popular folk remedy for the treatment of wounds in Turkey...

..w.dose. Isoorientin concentration of the extracts and fractions were determined by HPLC in order to establish a correlation between the hypoglycaemic activity...

..The main components responsible for the activity of the chloroform fraction were determined as chlorojanerin and 13-acetyl solstitialin A which were elucidated by HR-ESI and (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques...

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..Compounds 3a, 3e, 3h and 3k selective inhibition of COX-2 to some extent although the inhibitory activity was not very potent...

..00006 microg/ml. This is the first report showing that 13-acetyl solstitialin A possesses significant antiviral activity...

..Thymbra spicata is a member of the Lamiaceae family; leaves of this plant have recently gained much popularity as a remedy to combat hypercholesterolaemia...

..Ledeb. (Boraginaceae), which is an endemic plant for Turkey, have been used for healing of wounds in folk medicine. The extract of the roots in olive oil and mostly the root barks was applied onto open wounds for rapid healing...

..In Turkish folk medicine, the plant is prescribed as a panacea for every kind of diseases, including, against infectious and inflammatory disorders of upper respiratory system and gastro-intestinal complaints or as a hypotensive remedy...

..All compounds were shown to possess significant anti-ulcerogenic activity at both doses. However, the effect of taxiresinol was the most prominent...

..In gastric ulceration studies, the compounds were found safety at low dose levels (10 and 20 mg/kg)...

..Acute and subchronic toxicity studies were also performed...

..Same extracts, i.e., EAE, EBE and EME were also found to exhibit remarkable antinociceptive activity in p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test at a dose of 100mg/kg (46.5%, 27.7% and 36.3%, respectively)...

..In contrast to reference compound acetyl salicylic acid, these compounds did not induce gastric lesions in the stomach of experimental animals at the doses that exhibited analgesic/antiinflammatory activity...

..Antiinflammatory inhibitory ratios for all compounds were above 30% for the last two measurements. Because of this compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d deserve attention and may be considered for further evaluation...

..2 microg/mL). The oils, evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity using a TLC-DPPH assay, were inactive at a concentration of 2 mg/mL...

..4 mg/kg. Even the weakest anti-ulcerogenic effect observed for Papaver rhoeas roots was found statistically potent (95.6%). Histopathological studies confirmed the results of the in vivo test...

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..All the compounds showed statistically significant effects. For analgesic activity assessment, p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test was applied in mice. The results obtained were in accordance with the anti-inflammatory activity tests...

..Isoorientin exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect at 15 mg/kg b.w. dose...

..Results of the present study supported the utilization of the plant in Turkish folk medicine...

..Aerial parts and roots of Eryngium maritimum and Eryngium kotschyi were found to possess most promising activities without including any apparent gastric damage...

..Accordingly, the IL-2 inducing activity of the triterpene saponins might be the mechanism involved in order to explain the immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of Astragalus species...

..Rest of the extracts from plants did not show any remarkable anthelmintic activity. The results were considered significant at p<0.05...

..Results of the present study support the continued and expanded utilization of plants employed in Turkish folk medicine...

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..Results of the present study indicated that the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata and Viscum album showed potent hypocholesterolaemic activity in the mice fed with a diet containing high-cholesterol...

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..The structures were determined by detailed 2D NMR analysis together with NOEDF and CD. PG inhibitory effect was observed in 1, 5, 10, 12 and 16 at 30 microg/ml and antioxidant activity, in 1, 2, 8, 10, 12-14 and 16...