L S Colzato

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..Only few studies have systematically looked into cognitive impairments in khat users. We studied whether khat use is associated with changes in the emergence and resolution of response conflict, a central cognitive control function...

..This suggests that self-other integration and task co-representation vary as a function of religious practice...

..The results suggest that the dorsal striatum, but not (or not so much) the ventral striatum, is driving the flexible control of retrieval of stimulus-response episodes...

..We conclude that gender differences in inhibitory input control are variable and state-dependent but not structural...

..abstract:..

..The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in a single study, the association between BDNF Val(66)Met polymorphism, anxiety, alcohol consumption, and cortisol stress response...

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..Results show that the recreational use of cocaine eliminates IOR, suggesting that input control is strongly impaired...

..These findings support the assumption of a modulatory role for dopamine in inhibitory action control...

..Cocaine polydrug users attended significantly more to local aspects of attended events, which fits with the idea that a reduced scope of attention may be associated with the perpetuation of the use of the drug...

..Little is known, however, about cognitive impairments in the upcoming type of recreational cocaine polydrug user (1-4 g monthly consumption)...

..We conclude that gender differences in response inhibition are variable and state dependent but not structural...

..Very little is known, however, about the relation between khat use and cognitive control functions in khat users...

..This is in line with the notion that the over-supply of striatal DA might weaken inhibitory pathways, thereby enhancing the activation of, and the competition between responses...

..This outcome pattern suggests a crucial role of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and of nigrostriatal D2 receptors, in particular, in the management of attentional resources...

..These findings suggest that religious practice induces particular cognitive-control styles that induce chronic, directional biases in the control of visual attention...

..Correlation analyses show that EBR is significantly reduced in recreational users compared to cocaine-free controls, suggesting that cocaine use induces hypoactivity in the subcortical dopamine system...

..Interestingly, the impact of emotions on binding was restricted to tasks in which shape was task-relevant, suggesting that extracting affective information is not automatic but requires attention to shape...

..To some degree, binding strength was predicted by priming effects of the respective features, especially if these features varied on a dimension that matched the current attentional set...

..This result suggests that high intelligence is accompanied by a higher degree of flexibility in handling event files--that is, by higher efficiency in updating episodic representations...

..Indeed, evidence of the binding of shape and color, and of shape and location, of visual objects disappeared after alcohol consumption, whereas bindings between object features and the manual response were unaffected...

..These results support the idea that individual processing limitations (with regard to either attentional allocation policies or the speed of global cortical integration processes) play a key role in the AB...

..In contrast, cocaine but not cannabis use eliminates the inhibition of return. The observed pattern suggests that visuomotor integration is driven by DA/D1, but not DA/D2 receptor systems...

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..Thus, in line with our hypothesis, these data point to a modulatory role for DA in the AB...

..Under some circumstances, this ability may indirectly lead to more pronounced reactive inhibition of irrelevant information...

..e., less cognitive flexibility), F(1,85)=4.28, p<0.05, than Val/Val homozygous individuals. Our findings support the idea that low prefrontal dopamine levels promote cognitive flexibility...

..Binding across perception and action is unaffected by either manipulation, suggesting a specific link between the visual system and the muscarinic cholinergic system...

..Remarkably, the impact of EBR was restricted to the task-relevant visuomotor binding, suggesting that dopamine increased the maintenance of task-relevant information...

..This result suggests that agents can represent self-generated and other-generated actions separately, but tend to relate or integrate these representations if the personal relationship between self and other has a positive valence...

..Our findings are inconsistent with the notion that the dorsal stream is operating exclusively online and has no access to memory...

..Interestingly, the magnitude of the inhibitory deficit was positively correlated with the individuals lifetime cocaine exposure suggesting that the magnitude of the impairment is proportional to the degree of cocaine consumed...