Ronald Simon

..The TMA technology is a fast, cost-effective, and statistically powerful method that will substantially facilitate translational research...

..Thus, TMA technology will markedly accelerate the transition from basic research to clinical applications...

..Current applications and the future potential of tissue microarray technology in cancer research and diagnosis are discussed...

..Such tumor entities should be carefully evaluated for a possible utility of trastuzumab treatment...

..It is concluded that TRIO up-regulation through amplification has a potential role in bladder cancer progression...

..Poor tissue quality can be easily identified in FISH analyses because of a lack of hybridization signals. Inappropriate tissue handling is more dangerous in IHC because an artificial lack of staining can be regarded as 'negative' result...

..6 mm in diameter. We conclude that associations with cell proliferation can be reliably analyzed in a TMA format...

..CONCLUSION: The results suggest that KIT expression occurs infrequently in most tumor types and that, with the exception of GISTs, KIT gene mutations are rare in immunohistochemically KIT-positive tumors...

..E2F3 expression appears to provide a growth advantage to tumor cells by activating cell proliferation in a subset of bladder tumors...

..KIT-positive breast cancers may not reflect "KIT up-regulation" because KIT is also expressed in normal breast epithelium. The lack of KIT mutations also argues against the therapeutic efficacy of STI571 in breast cancer...

....

..Thus, TMA technology allows miniaturized high-throughput molecular epidemiologic studies. The TMA technique will markedly accelerate the transition from basic research to clinical applications...

..In summary, our data suggest that HER-2 amplifications are frequently linked to alterations of the TOP2A gene in bladder cancer. The anatomy of the 17q12-q21 amplicon may be important for response to therapies targeting HER-2 or TOP2A...

..In both experiments, BTG2 mRNA levels did not reach values observed in normal renal tissue. These data suggest that down-regulation of BTG2 is an important step in renal cancer development...

..In conclusion, human posterior uveal melanoma frequently expresses CD117 at high levels. Although KIT mutations could not be found, it appears justified to investigate the utility of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of these patients...

..0001). These data suggest that evaluation of MAGE-A4 protein expression is useful in the identification of groups of TCCs characterized by severe prognosis, thus possibly providing indications for early MAGE TAA-targeted immunotherapy...

..04) and from low to high grade (P<0.005). These data are consistent with a high level of genetic instability in invasively growing and high-grade bladder tumors...

..Due to the fact that it could thereby not be detected in normal mammary tissues, it has to be confirmed in larger studies that the DAF splice variant might be a specific tumour marker for invasive breast cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling revealed novel genes with potential clinical utility to select patients that are more likely to develop aggressive disease...

..Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to estimate frequencies of copy number changes of known oncogenes, including HER2, TOPO2A, CCND1, EGFR and C-MYC...

..In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 22 and its presumptive biological function has been described. The prognostic value of these and other DNA regions for patient survival remains unclear...

..The strong concordance of the HER-2 status in primary and metastatic cancers argues for a possible response of metastases from patients with HER-2-positive primary tumors to Herceptin...

..Therefore, DAF has already become a target for therapy. In this paper we review the role of DAF in human malignancies as described in different basic, diagnostic and experimental therapeutic studies...

..6% and FGF4 in 0.8%. Overall, the amplification frequency decreased with increasing genomic distance from CCND1, suggesting that, among the genes examined, CCND1 is the major target gene in the 11q13 amplicon in bladder cancer...

..However, transcript level patterns and RNA quality could rapidly change in response to ischemic and mechanical stress. Studies have shown that this occurs both perioperatively and after surgical removal of organs...

..Furthermore, DAF has already been included in diagnostic or therapeutic studies. Thereby, studies applying monoclonal anti-DAF antibodies and anti-DAF vaccination for a targeted therapy have been enrolled recently...

....

..To document the incidence and role of p53 and DNA mismatch repair proteins in colorectal carcinomas, and to evaluate the relative frequency of major molecular pathways in colorectal cancers from Saudi Arabia...

..Its cytoplasmic expression is associated with breast tumor progression, suggesting potential value as a diagnostic marker...

..Because of its beneficial economic aspects and ability to differentiate ethnic differences in tumor biology, TMA applications may become particularly important in developing countries...

..Because all tissues are analyzed simultaneously with the same batch of reagents, TMA studies provide an unprecedented degree of standardization, speed, and cost efficiency...

..Patient prognosis was not affected by CMYC gene copy number changes...

....

..Perceived differences in outcome between extranodal and nodal DLBCL raise the possibility that these subgroups may represent different biological and clinical entities...