J Keiser

..mansoni and E. caproni in vivo, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies would be helpful to understand the differences observed between in vitro and in vivo activities and lacking dose-response relationships...

..Here, we investigated the systems metabolic changes in the mouse upon S. mansoni infection by modeling the sequence of metabolic events in urine, plasma and faecal water...

..sinensis, respectively. SEM observations revealed tegumental surface alterations, including blebbing and sloughing. OZ78 emerges as a new compound with a broad spectrum of activity against major foodborne trematode infections...

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..Lastly, prospects for the development of a safe, efficacious, inexpensive and broad-spectrum trematocidal drug are considered...

..hepatica isolate, and hence these drugs might become useful in areas where triclabendazole resistance is common...

..Concluding our experiments confirm that artemether and artesunate are potent fasciocidal drugs and the tegument of adult F. hepatica appears to be a target for the action of these drugs...

..Current research needs are emphasized...

..The antischistosomal properties of the marketed antiandrogens bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide and cyproterone acetate were studied both in vivo and in vitro...

..1% reduction of Clonorchis sinensis in rats. A 400-mg/kg dose of tribendimidine reduced Opisthorchis viverrini in hamsters by 95.7%. High doses of tribendimidine showed no activity against Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica...

..The trematocidal properties of a synthetic peroxide, 1,2,4-trioxolane (OZ78) were determined both in vivo and in vitro...

..Our findings call for further investigations using tribendimidine in other trematode-animal models, because this compound shows promising trematocidal activity...

..0%. In conclusion, our experiments confirm that tribendimidine possesses interesting trematocidal properties, which warrant additional investigations and provide further data for subsequent clinical trials...

..Strongyloidiasis is a truly neglected tropical disease, but its public health significance is far from being negligible. At present, only a few drugs are available for the treatment and control of strongyloidiasis...

..In conclusion, our experiments confirm the interesting fasciocidal properties of OZ78. The tegument of adult F. hepatica might play a role in the action of this drug...

..3% and 83.9%, respectively, were calculated in the three surviving sheep. In conclusion, the interesting fasciocidal properties of artesunate in sheep warrant further investigations with an emphasis on toxicity studies...

..In conclusion, we have documented promising opisthorchicidal activities in hamsters and in vitro with the tegument being an important drug target. Proof-of-concept studies with mefloquine could be considered in opisthorchiasis patients...

..Examples of in vitro and in vivo evaluation of compounds for activity are presented. To boost the discovery pipeline for these diseases there is a need to develop validated, robust high-throughput in vitro systems with simple readouts...

..1% and 85.3%, whereas mefloquine achieved total and female worm burden reductions of 80.4-97.8%. In conclusion, artemether and mefloquine act T-cell independently and no synergistic interaction with the immune response was involved...

..Here, we report that the antimalarial drug mefloquine possesses promising antischistosomal properties in mice...

..Morbidity control of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel. The antimalarial drug mefloquine possesses interesting antischistosomal properties, yet no clinical studies have been performed...

..Further studies are warranted to assess the potential of additional artemisinin derivatives and other peroxidic compounds for the treatment of Fasciola spp. infections in different ruminants...

..Preventive chemotherapy is the mainstay of control, but only 4 drugs are available: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel pamoate...

..The effect of drug combinations against C. sinensis requires further scientific inquiry, e.g. in transmission electron microscopy studies and in the C. sinensis-rabbit model...

..These findings provide a foundation for subsequent clinical trials. More laboratory investigations are warranted to investigate further the opisthorchicidal properties of the artemisinins...

..Lessons learned from these past successful programmes can inspire sound and sustainable malaria control approaches and strategies...

..We conclude that in unstable malaria endemic areas, integrated malaria control measures, coupled with sound water management, are mandatory to mitigate the current burden of malaria in locations near irrigation or dam sites...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate activities of mefloquine/praziquantel combinations against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in vivo...

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..To assess the current international representation of members of editorial and advisory boards and authors in the leading peer reviewed literature on tropical medicine...

..Triclabendazole is the only available drug for treatment. Laboratory studies have documented promising fasciocidal properties of the artemisinins (e.g., artemether)...

..sinensis is confirmed, and combination chemotherapy with praziquantel produces synergistic and antagonistic effects depending on the doses administered. Further preclinical investigations are warranted...

..Mitigation of the current burden of malaria in urban African settings, in turn, is a necessity for stimulating environmentally and socially sustainable development...

..05), respectively. Furthermore, treatment of S. haematobium-infected mice with OZ418 reduced the total worm burden by 86%. In conclusion, OZ418 is a promising antischistosomal lead compound...

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..This review provides an update on recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of food-borne trematodiases...

..5±4.3 h and 56.5±36 h, respectively and the mean AUC was 219.1±74 ?g min/ml. Further studies are needed to determine whether the excellent activity observed with OZ78 in the rat model can be translated into efficacy in larger mammals...

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..This is supported by reviewing aquaculture development in countries endemic for foodborne trematodiasis over the past 10-50 years. Future and sustainable control of foodborne trematodiasis is discussed...

..In vivo, worm burden reductions of 100% were achieved with single oral doses of praziquantel, artesunate, and artemether at 50, 700, and 1,100 mg/kg of body weight, respectively...

..To study the fasciocidal properties of artesunate and artemether in the rat model and in vitro...

..mansoni strain. We conclude that triclabendazole and its main metabolites display weak and inconsistent schistosomicidal activities...

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..We explore and discuss under what conditions intermittent irrigation might be beneficial in new rice-growing areas and identify steps that have to be taken to expand such programs in the future...

..SEM observations revealed extensive tegumental destruction, including blebbing, shrinking and sloughing, particularly following in vitro incubation and on the tegument of female worms...

..These findings call for integrated approaches to effectively control multiple parasitic and protozoan infections...

..05). In view of the high sensitivity and efficiency, the FLOTAC technique holds promise for experimental work in the F. hepatica-rat model. Additional research is needed to determine the reasons for the observed differences in FECs...

..On a global scale, however, the incidence of JE may decline as a result of large-scale vaccination programs implemented in China and India...

..Complemented with other control interventions, these measures might significantly reduce the burden caused by S. mansoni and hookworm infections...

..New research should assess the density-dependent effectiveness of each control measure in order to estimate whether reducing vector numbers has an impact on dengue transmission when populations are at a critical threshold...

..Serum and CSF concentrations for all patients were in the expected range. This result indicates that other underlying factors are responsible for treatment failures...

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..The absence of compounds in clinical development Phases I-III indicates no new drugs will become available in the next few years...

..Issuing from our review are current research gaps and the need for concerted efforts to discover, develop and deploy the next generation of anthelminthic drugs...

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..The Tanzania-Japan multiple-intervention malaria control program, adaptively implemented over time, is described and evaluated with implications for urban malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa more generally...

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..The results of this introduction, which are reviewed here and have several important implications, indicate that AO is a viable alternative technique for the laboratory diagnosis of malaria in highly endemic countries...

..It may contribute to filling the current knowledge gaps in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationships of antimalarials and better define the therapeutic dose ranges in different patient populations...

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..IMC is a useful tool for antischistosomal drug discovery that should be further validated. In addition, our data support the use of NTS in in vitro antischistosomal drug assays...

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..This calls for targeted interventions to facilitate agriculture-based rural development that might spur social and economic development and reduce inequities in sub-Saharan Africa...

..2 to 100%. Our results, along with the low toxicity, metabolic stability, and good pharmacokinetic properties of the OZs, indicate the potential for the development of novel broad-spectrum antischistosomal OZ drug candidates...

..The in vivo results presented here with the artemisinins and tribendimidine provide further data for clinical investigations to assess the safety and efficacy of these drugs in clonorchiasis patients...

..However, combination treatments of both drugs with albendazole led to a substantial but statistically not significant reduction in parasite weight compared to results with albendazole alone...