A Tarkowski

..Murine models of Staphylocococus aureus-mediated arthritis and sepsis exist and are being used to gain a better understanding of the host-bacterium relationship as well to develop better methods of prevention and treatment...

..These findings demonstrate that bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs induces arthritis, and indicate an important pathogenic role for bacterial DNA in septic arthritis...

..Altogether, our results show the dual role of IL-4 in S. aureus sepsis and arthritis, depending on the genetic background of the host...

..This model of staphylococcal dermatitis will enable future in-depth studies regarding the host-bacterium relationship...

..IL-12 is in this respect an important immunomodulator during the development of joint inflammation...

..Our findings demonstrate that neither mature B cells nor their products significantly contribute to the course of S. aureus-induced septic arthritis...

..aureus strain. Administration of antibodies did not affect the development of arthritis, suggesting inefficacy of such a procedure in neutralization of exotoxin-mediated disease manifestations...

..aureus infection. This outcome does not seem to be due to an influence on bacterial clearance, but could be due to an interaction with the host anti-inflammatory mechanisms...

..Our results show the importance of TNF/LT alpha in defense against systemic S. aureus infections and point out the detrimental role of these cytokines as mediators of inflammatory response in S. aureus arthritis...

..We suggest that interaction with transcription factors leads to increased bacterial burden in vivo, abrogating the potential benefits of the anti-inflammatory properties exerted by these compounds...

..The aim of the study was to assess the role of extracellular cytochrome c as an inducer of joint inflammation and to examine its levels in sera and synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients...

..Our data point to a crucial protective role of granulocytes in S. aureus dermatitis...

..Although IL-12-deficient mice were exposed to higher staphylococcal load, they demonstrated no increased severity of arthritis as compared with control animals...

..We sought to determine whether RA patients display increased occurrence of autoantibodies against RAGE and whether such an autoantibody production is related to disease characteristics...

..This study proves that bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs induces meningitis, and indicates that this condition is mediated in vivo by activated macrophages...

..In conclusion, CD20(+)25(+) B cells constitute a unique subpopulation preferentially occurring among CD20(+)27(+) memory B cells. We suggest that CD25 can be used as a marker for a memory B cell subset...

..Based on our experimental and clinical studies we suggest that histamine lacks harmful properties in RA...

..It has also been shown to enhance host resistance to bacterial infections in mice. The aim of this study was to assess the role of vitamin B2 treatment in inflammatory conditions...

..Further studies showed that this condition is mediated by the combined impact of acquired and innate immune systems. Our results indicate that PGN exerts a central role in joint inflammation triggered by S. aureus...

..aureus-induced arthritis and the inflammatory response, as measured by serum IL-6 levels, without affecting the survival of bacteria in vivo...

..Taken together, our results indicate that CD25(+) B cells from RA and SLE patients are in a highly activated state, display a more mature phenotype and suggest that this B cell subset may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE...

..These results support the notion that the gamma/delta-expressing T cells that reside at the epithelial lining layer of the skin is of importance for early containment of the bacteria, thereby limiting their replication and spread...

..aureus when compared with macrophages from congenic control mice. Blocking the biological responses to substance P via its receptor NK-1R results in a less efficient clearance of bacteria leading to more severe arthritic lesions in mice...

..We conclude that simultaneous production of alpha- and gamma-toxin is a virulence factor in S. aureus arthritis...

..The treatment is well tolerated and may be used repeatedly in the same patient and potentially increase sensitivity to previously inefficient treatment modalities...

..We believe that a delayed migration of leukocytes into the joints of mice lacking IAP expression leads to decreased susceptibility to develop S. aureus-induced arthritis...

..Altogether our data indicate that IL-10 is essential for efficient elimination of bacteria and thereby for protection against septic arthritis...

..Supplementation with neither protein C or APC favoured survival in S. aureus sepsis. Reduction in thrombin generation in response to protein C supplementation was associated with significantly increased survival...

..Some of these approaches are commented in this review regarding e.g. vaccination procedures in order to prevent severe infections as well as therapeutic procedures to minimize organ damage during an ongoing infectious process...

..Our findings suggest that CD25+ B cells are more prone to efficient antigen presentation and display a more mature phenotype...

..aureus infection but that on the other hand, upregulation of granulocyte-macrophage production will not exert any additional protective effects with respect to tissue injury...

..It is concluded that captopril improves survival in SLE disease of MRL/l mice, counteracting lymphoid hyperplasia, renal disease, dermatitis and decreasing arterial blood pressure...

..aureus-induced arthritis: on the one hand, blockade of these selectins leads to less severe arthritic lesions in the initial stage of the disease; on the other, delayed recruitment of phagocytes decreases the clearance of bacteria...

..This lateralization of DTH responses is related to deficiencies in motor and sympathetic innervation of the paretic extremity...

..Objective: This study aims at investigating how tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha regulates endothelial gene expression of the key fibrinolytic enzyme tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)...

..It is suggested that GM-CSF once secreted induces programmed cell death in the brain tissue of patients with dementia...

..Recent studies show that downregulation of lymphocyte and macrophage responses (e.g. by treatment with corticosteroids) significantly alleviates the outcome of staphylococcal infections when combined with appropriate antibiotics...

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..Our results suggest that IL-4 and IL-4-dependent Th2 responses promote septic arthritis and sepsis-related mortality by inhibition of bacterial clearance during S. aureus infection...

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..Our results demonstrate that sialophorin-expressing cells play a protective role in the early stage of staphylococcal infection...

..Fibrin accumulation in the joint cavity is a common feature of chronic arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Complex formation between tissue factor (TF) and factor VII (FVII) is the initial step in such a fibrin formation...

..Leptin has been shown to participate in bone remodelling and leptin substitution reported to have a protective effect in experimental septic arthritis...

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..The results indicate that increased IFN-gamma production along with low IL-6 and IL-1 beta synthesis found in xid mice may provide a more favorable outcome of S. aureus arthritis...