M Feychting

..In Cohort III, immune-related discharge diagnoses are also inversely associated with glioma (HR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.14-1.49). There is no strong evidence against (and some for) the hypothesis that allergies reduce glioma risk...

..This relationship has been studied in several case-control studies, but only in a few cohort studies...

..Overall, the weight of the evidence available today does not suggest an increased risk of breast cancer related to EMF exposure...

..Several studies have identified occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, but the evidence is contradictory and inconclusive...

..No information is available for children...

..This technology is constantly changing and there is a need for continued research on this issue. Almost no epidemiologic data are available for static fields...

..Our results support previous findings of an increased risk of childhood brain tumors and leukemia associated with certain paternal occupational exposures. Some findings in previous studies were not confirmed in this study...

..In conclusion, the available evidence from epidemiological studies is not sufficient to draw any conclusions about potential health effects of static magnetic field exposure...

..A case-referent study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to motor vehicle exhaust increases the risk of childhood cancer...

..To test the hypothesis that parental occupational exposure to magnetic fields before conception and during pregnancy increases the risk of cancer in the offspring...

..60, 0.91). Our results show a reduced risk for glioma associated primarily with current allergic conditions. If this is etiologic, it has implications for the understanding of how allergic conditions might reduce the tumor risk...

..A Bayesian approach to this weighing is discussed along with some alternatives. The Bayesian approach provides a structure for the pooling of evidence and points out where subjective judgments come into play...

..We found no evidence of an inverse association between either occupational or leisure time physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer in this prospective cohort...

..Menopausal status and age at menopause were not associated with meningioma or glioma risk. Our findings imply that reproductive hormones may influence the occurrence of meningioma and glioma...

..Obesity is related to an increased risk of several forms of cancer. However, findings from studies on haematological malignancies are inconsistent...

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..The authors therefore set out to analyse previous diagnosis of epilepsy as a risk factor for certain cancer forms in a case control study...

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational exposure to UV light reduces the risk of death from MS...

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..7 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 7.5). Hormone usage was not associated with glioma risk in this study. The findings suggest that the use of female sex steroids may increase the risk of meningioma...

..For slow-growing tumors such as meningioma and acoustic neuroma, as well as for glioma among long-term users, the absence of association reported thus far is less conclusive because the observation period has been too short...

..The risk estimate did not increase, regardless of type of phone and amount of use. The authors conclude that the data do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of parotid gland tumors...

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..Further elucidation of this association would be valuable from both etiologic and public health perspectives...

..4 microT had a relative risk estimate of approximately 2, which is unlikely to be due to random variability. The explanation for the elevated risk is unknown, but selection bias may have accounted for some of the increase...

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..This study includes a large number of long-term mobile phone users, and the authors conclude that the data do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of glioma or meningioma...

..However, extensive research activities are ongoing and much more data will be available in the near future. This situation of scientific uncertainty and considerable public concern creates dilemmas for decision makers...

..78). No association was found for prostate cancer. We conclude that age is an important effect modifier of cancer risk associated with obesity and that obesity and overweight in young adult life may affect cancer risk also later in life...

..We tested the hypothesis that occupational EMF exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction in a large population-based case-control study of myocardial infarction, with detailed information on potential confounders...

..Radiofrequency exposure from mobile phones is concentrated to the tissue closest to the handset, which includes the auditory nerve. If this type of exposure increases tumor risk, acoustic neuroma would be a potential concern...

..Overall, our results give little evidence that exposure to magnetic fields inside infant incubators is associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia...

..However, the intermediate field exposure category (0.1-0.19 microT) showed poor correlation to the 24 hr personal measurements...

..This increase was largely confined to the oldest age group. After 1983 and during the period with increasing prevalence of mobile phone users, the incidence has remained relatively stable for both men and women...

..Most epidemiological studies on adverse health effects among women in relation to occupational magnetic field exposure have been based on information about men's exposure...

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..The rate ratio for men smoking a pipe/cigars, but not cigarettes, was 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.5-7.4)...

..Particular attention was paid to estimating the amount and direction of potential recall and participation biases and their impact on the study results...

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..The effect of nondifferential misclassification of exposure must be considered a potential cause of the negative findings...

..The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia increased with the calendar period until 1983, and with the birth cohort until 1980, but incidence has been stable thereafter...

..The present study was conducted to see whether these previous findings could be confirmed and whether shift workers are at elevated risk for cancer at additional sites...

..Nonetheless, the association between the T-G IL-4Ralpha haplotype and glioblastoma risk may indicate a role of immune factors in glioblastoma development...

..01). Our results provide additional support for the hypothesis that low penetrance variants contribute to the risk of developing glioma and suggest that a genetic variant located in or around the CHAF1A gene contributes to disease risk...

..A relationship between risk of meningioma and exposure to ionizing radiation is also well known and led us to examine whether variants in DNA repair genes contribute to disease susceptibility...

..Our results indicated possible associations between combinations of XRCC1 and XRCC3 SNPs and the risk of brain tumors...

..94). Our findings provide support for the role of folate metabolism in the development of primary brain tumors. In particular, genotypes associated with increased 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate levels are associated with elevated risk...

..The occurrence of excess epilepsy > or =8 years before HGG diagnosis suggests a relatively long preclinical phase, but excess diabetes or stroke appear late in HGG development...

..The increasing trend shown for the female:male ratio in the group aged 35-59 years is consistent with the possibility that increasing use of hormones may affect the incidence of meningiomas in women...

..However, our findings are also consistent with associations between IL-4RA, IL-13, and GBM that are independent of their role in allergic conditions...

..12 (95% CI: 1.40, 3.20). The findings of an increased risk of acoustic neuroma with loud noise exposure support previous research...

..This study was performed to investigate the effect of power frequency magnetic fields...

..This study is novel in suggesting an increased risk of brain tumors when the analysis is restricted to those with a history of cancer in the family. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that these results are due to chance...

..For long term effects, groups with a potential for high exposure need to first be identified; for immediate effect, human laboratory studies are the preferred approach...

..Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms and haplotypes in p53 and ATM could be associated with glioma and meningioma risk...

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..This effort represents an interesting case study of a scientific inquiry that has been successfully resolved despite numerous methodological difficulties inherent in research on low-level environmental exposures...

..Because there is less previous evidence for a role of NQO1, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 variants, we restricted analysis of these variants to a small preliminary study...

..These results do not support the hypotheses that nighttime measures are more appropriate; hence, the observed association between ELF EMF and childhood leukemia still lacks a plausible explanation...

..10-1.70; P = 0.004). The association of CASP8 D302H with glioma risk indicates the importance of inherited variation in the apoptosis pathway in susceptibility to this form of primary brain tumor...

..Linkage of data from Swedish registries was used to investigate whether hospitalization for psychiatric conditions was higher among parents of children with autism compared with control subjects...