B Ahren

..We examined the effects and mechanism of action of AA on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets isolated from obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats and their homozygous lean (Fa/Fa) littermates...

..SG seems most related to age-dependent impairment of glucose elimination, whereas leptin, glucagon, and PP do not seem to contribute...

..We conclude that carbachol normalizes glucose tolerance in insulin resistance...

..We, therefore, conclude that under in vivo conditions, epinephrine released by PACAP from the adrenals prevents the marked insulinotropic action of the peptide from augmenting glucose disposal...

..This suggests that the cAMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway is a target for leptin to inhibit insulin secretion in insulin-producing cells...

..Finally, the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-3-(9-39) inhibited the actions of GLP-1. We conclude that GLP-1 increases glucose tolerance in the mouse mainly by potently stimulating insulin secretion...

..The sugar may therefore be explored for increasing endogenous GLP-1 secretion in the treatment of type 2 diabetes...

..Therefore, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity is feasible to exploit as a treatment for glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes...

..The pharmacokinetic characteristics of human leptin were examined in rhesus monkeys and in C57BL/6J mice fed a normal chow or a high-fat diet...

..This neural regulation of insulin secretion is of importance during various forms of stress as well as during the cephalic phase of food intake...

..We therefore examined the relationship between leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, insulin and proinsulin in men and women with or without obesity in a population study...

..In conclusion, the cAMP-PKA pathway restrains both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) activation, indicating a regulating crosstalk between these two pathways...

..This suggests that leptin may be involved in the mediation of consequences of insulin resistance...

..In the present study we have characterized the relationship between biologically active testosterone and leptin after careful stratification for gender and adiposity...

..002). The results suggest that exaggerated non-glucose-induced PLA(2) activation contributes to the islet compensation in insulin resistance...

..Availability of this peptide for amyloid formation may be enhanced by increased islet expression of IAPP. In the insulin resistant state, euglycemia is maintained by hypersecretion of insulin. Whether..

..Therefore, the effect of leptin administration on circulating glucose, insulin and glucagon in fed and fasted mice was investigated. The potential contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the effects of leptin was also examined...

..We conclude that GLP-1(7-36) has the potential for being a modulator of islet hormone secretion...

..We aimed to examine whether impaired glucose tolerance is associated with reduced suppression of glucagon concentrations...

..To characterize in detail the association between insulin sensitivity and islet function in relation to glucose tolerance in nondiabetic subjects...

..To compare serum leptin between nonwesternized and westernized populations...

..We conclude that PACAP contributes to the insulin response to gastric glucose in mice and suggest that PACAP is involved in the regulation of prandial insulin secretion...

..Our aim was to study the relationship between SHBG and androgen activity and glucose tolerance, as well as insulin sensitivity, in women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)...

..abstract truncated at 250 words)..

..To assess the relationships between circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and adrenocortical hormones and leptin early after stroke...

..From these results we conclude that while GLP-1 does not seem to induce beta-cell lipolysis acutely in mouse islets, the peptide affects beta-cell fat metabolism after long-term adaptation to GLP-1 receptor stimulation...

..There is, however, a functional difference between normal islets and the RINm5F cells with respect to effects of CCK-8-S on insulin release and [Ca2+]ic...

..We tested to determine whether leptin is a risk marker for first-ever stroke in a nested case-referent study...

..Our results suggest that plasma leptin is involved in the physiological regulation of food intake in humans, and that leptin is related to the quantity rather than the quality of habitual food intake...

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..Both, for correct understanding of diabetes pathophysiology and for development of novel treatment modalities, therefore, the non-linear inverse relation between insulin sensitivity and secretion needs to be acknowledged...

..g., long-chain acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol...

..5-50 microM), did not affect CCK-8-induced insulin secretion. We conclude that CCK-8-induced insulin secretion is partially mediated by a pathway involving PLA2, and that the formed AA, rather than its metabolites, is of importance...

..Here, we investigated whether chronic treatment with a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA) improves islet dysfunction in female mice on a high-fat diet (HFD)...

..Hence, Ca2+-independent PLA2 seems important for the insulinotropic effect of CCK-8, but not for that of carbachol...

..024) followed by either a sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](cyt) or [Ca(2+)](cyt) oscillations. We conclude that GRP promptly elevates [Ca(2+)](cyt) by a direct action in normal mouse pancreatic beta cells...

..The effect is dependent on glucose phosphorylation, calcium uptake and protein kinase C. Stimulation of insulin secretion by ASP in vivo results in augmented glucose disposal...

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..Based on these results, we suggest that PACAP is involved in the neural regulation of insulin secretion...

..We tested whether leptin is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a nested case-referent study...

..Based on these results we therefore suggest that PACAP is an islet neuropeptide which is required for the normal insulinotropic action of glucose...

..Dietary intake was also compared between women with normal (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)...

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..Both these strategies have been successful in animal studies and in clinical studies of up to one year's treatment. This review will summarize the background and the current (mid 2004) clinical experience with these two strategies...

..5 +/- 1.6% vs. 2.3 +/- 0.7%; P = 0.037). We conclude that women with IGT exhibit increased relative proinsulin secretion, suggesting a defect in the intracellular proinsulin processing before diabetes develops...

..We conclude that PACAP occurs in human pancreas and stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion in humans. This suggests that PACAP is involved in the regulation of islet function in humans...

..This study assessed insulin and glucagon secretion in relation to insulin sensitivity in Caucasian women who develop impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) versus those who maintain normal glucose tolerance (NGT) over a 12-year period...

..We studied whether these alterations also exist in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and whether they are determinants of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in postmenopausal women...

..Thus the lack of IAPP has allowed exaggerated beta-cell cytotoxic actions of alloxan, suggesting that there may be beneficial features of IAPP actions in situations of beta-cell damage...

..The estimated beta cell secretion was then related to plasma insulin levels to allow determination of clearance rate of endogenously produced insulin...

..023) and postprandially (p=0.004). In conclusion, a more efficient B-cell insulin processing provides further evidence that vildagliptin treatment ameliorates abnormal B-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes...

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..Instead, we aimed to compare diets that were available during human evolution with more recently introduced ones...

..This study examined whether autonomic mechanisms contribute to adaptively increased insulin secretion in insulin-resistant humans, as has been proposed from studies in animals...

..Therefore, the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia is dependent not only on the classical neurotransmitters but also on the neuropeptide PACAP...

..Thus, the potential of CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA to affect insulin secretion and sensitivity in non-diabetic young and old, lean and obese subjects was tested...

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..Further studies are needed to explore whether this is explained by increased expression of protecting systems making these strains of mice resistant to effects of oxidative stress...

..We therefore examined this association in men versus women and in pre- versus postmenopausal women from a population-based sample...

..Adiposity may contribute to these disturbances, which may be of importance for decreased adrenal androgen hormone production and metabolic, muscular, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction in MD...

..Therefore, vildagliptin offers a clinically important outcome when added to metformin with a twice daily dose regimen, taking advantage of its tight binding and slow dissociation characteristics that lead to a sustained overnight effect...

..This may possibly be achieved by stimulating insulin secretion, supporting islet stimulating mechanisms, removing toxic beta-cell insults and inhibiting beta cell apoptosis...

..The insulinotropic effect is, however, counteracted by a concomitant adrenal activation through an alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism...

..We propose that PACAP38 opens plasma membrane Na+ channels by an action partially mediated by cAMP and protein kinase A, and the subsequent raise in [Na+]cyt elicits insulin secretion by an as yet unsolved mechanism...

..The study evaluated whether glucagon secretion is regulated by changes in insulin sensitivity under normal conditions...

..The study thus shows that NSAIDs enhance LDL catabolism due to increased synthesis of the mRNA for LDL receptor protein. This action might contribute to the lipid-lowering effect of NSAIDs...