Research Topics
Species | Tim NoakesSummaryAffiliation: University of Cape Town Country: South Africa Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Dipsogenic genes associated with weight changes during Ironman TriathlonsColleen J Saunders
Medical Research Council of South Africa, MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands 7725, South Africa
Hum Mol Genet 15:2980-7. 2006..These findings suggest the involvement of the serotonergic pathways in the control of thirst and drinking behaviour and provide further evidence for the dipsogenic effect of circulating bradykinin...- Changes in oxygen consumption during and after a downhill run in masters long-distance runnersKaren A Sharwood
MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Clin J Sport Med 12:308-12. 2002.... - Comments on Point:Counterpoint "Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are/are not mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume"Timothy David Noakes
J Appl Physiol 99:2453. 2005 - Chronic disease risk factors, healthy days and medical claims in South African employees presenting for health risk screeningTracy L Kolbe-Alexander
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, UCT School of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BMC Public Health 8:228. 2008..The aim of this study was to determine the health and risk profile of South African employees presenting for health risk assessments and to measure their readiness to change and improve lifestyle behaviour... - Testing for maximum oxygen consumption has produced a brainless model of human exercise performanceT D Noakes
Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Deaprtment of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, Cape Town, South Africa
Br J Sports Med 42:551-5. 2008 - Is it time to retire the A.V. Hill Model?: A rebuttal to the article by Professor Roy ShephardTimothy D Noakes
Discovery Health Chair of Exercise and Sports Science, UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 41:263-77. 2011..However, this cannot occur in a discipline that is dominated by an authoritarian Kuhnian philosophy... - How did A V Hill understand the VO2max and the "plateau phenomenon"? Still no clarity?T D Noakes
Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Sports Science of South Africa, PO Box 115 Newlands, South Africa
Br J Sports Med 42:574-80. 2008..It is not clear which of Hill and Lupton's propositions have been proved "beyond any doubt"... - Jim Peters' collapse in the 1954 Vancouver Empire Games marathonTim Noakes
University of Cape Town
S Afr Med J 98:596-600. 2008..But none of these conditions should cause prolonged unconsciousness, raising the possibility that Peters might have suffered from a transient encephalopathy, the exact nature of which is not understood... - The limits of human endurance: what is the greatest endurance performance of all time? Which factors regulate performance at extreme altitude?Timothy David Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, South Africa
Adv Exp Med Biol 618:255-76. 2007..A key feature of this control is that it acts "in anticipation" specifically to insure that a catastrophic biological failure does not occur. The evidence for this interpretation is presented... - Semmelweis and the aetiology of puerperal sepsis 160 years on: an historical reviewT D Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Epidemiol Infect 136:1-9. 2008..This statistical analysis supports Semmelweis's hypothesis that 'the cadaveric particles adhering to the hand had ... caused the preponderant mortality in the first Clinic'... - A modern classification of the exercise-related heat illnessesTimothy David Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
J Sci Med Sport 11:33-9. 2008.... - Hydration in the marathon : using thirst to gauge safe fluid replacementTimothy D Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 37:463-6. 2007..Drinking to maintain bodyweight may impair exercise performance by inducing a weight penalty and may increase the probability of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in slow marathon runners... - Reduced peripheral resistance and other factors in marathon collapseTimothy D Noakes
Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 37:382-5. 2007..Additional therapeutic interventions should be reserved for those who fail to respond adequately (blood pressure >100mm Hg; normal heart rate) to this simple treatment... - Changes in body mass alone explain almost all of the variance in the serum sodium concentrations during prolonged exercise. Has commercial influence impeded scientific endeavour?Timothy David Noakes
Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Br J Sports Med 45:475-7. 2011..The possibility is that commercial influence delayed the acceptance of our findings for two decades... - Time to move beyond a brainless exercise physiology: the evidence for complex regulation of human exercise performanceTimothy David Noakes
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36:23-35. 2011..The complexity of this regulation cannot be appreciated if the body is studied as a collection of disconnected components, as is the usual approach in the modern exercise sciences... - The central governor model of exercise regulation applied to the marathonTimothy D Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 37:374-7. 2007..These findings are best explained by the action of a central (brain) neural control that regulates performance in the marathon 'in anticipation' specifically to prevent biological harm... - Drinking guidelines for exercise: what evidence is there that athletes should drink "as much as tolerable", "to replace the weight lost during exercise" or "ad libitum"?T D Noakes
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
J Sports Sci 25:781-96. 2007..These concerns need to be addressed before the novel IOC guidelines are accepted uncritically. Otherwise the predictable consequences of the premature adoption of the 1996 ACSM guidelines will be repeated... - Is drinking to thirst optimum?Timothy David Noakes
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa
Ann Nutr Metab 57:9-17. 2010..The act of drinking is a basic survival instinct that has been regulated by complex, unconscious controls ever since the first fish-like creatures moved onto land and should not require conscious adjustment... - Which lap is the slowest? An analysis of 32 world mile record performancesT D Noakes
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Br J Sports Med 43:760-4. 2009..The pacing strategies adopted by world-record breakers during the 1-mile footrace in order to evaluate different models for the biological basis of pacing was determined in this study... - Training techniques to improve endurance exercise performancesZuko N Kubukeli
Medical Research Council University of Cape Town Research Unit on Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 32:489-509. 2002..How the optimum duration of a taper is influenced by preceding training intensity and percentage reduction in training volume warrants investigation... - Acute changes in endocrine and fluid balance markers during high-intensity, steady-state, and prolonged endurance running: unexpected increases in oxytocin and brain natriuretic peptide during exerciseTamara Hew-Butler
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7725 South Africa
Eur J Endocrinol 159:729-37. 2008.... - The effects of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion on ultra-endurance exercise performanceJulia H Goedecke
Medical Research Council Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7725, South Africa
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15:15-27. 2005..In conclusion, MCTs ingested prior to exercise and co-ingested with CHO during exercise did not alter substrate metabolism and significantly compromised sprint performance during prolonged ultra-endurance cycling exercise... - Anticipatory pacing strategies during supramaximal exercise lasting longer than 30 sLes Ansley
MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town and Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7225, Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:309-14. 2004..This study assessed whether pacing strategies are adopted during supramaximal exercise bouts lasting longer than 30 s... - The bradykinin beta 2 receptor (BDKRB2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) genes and endurance performance during Ironman TriathlonsColleen J Saunders
MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Medical Research Council of South Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Hum Mol Genet 15:979-87. 2006..6% of the variance in the overall race time for the triathlon. In conclusion, both the NOS3 and BDKRB2 genes are associated with the actual performance during the Ironman Triathlons... - Fluid replacement during marathon runningTim Noakes
The MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Clin J Sport Med 13:309-18. 2003..A more reasonable approach is to urge these participants not to drink as much as possible but to drink ad libitum (according to the dictates of thirst) no more than 400-800 mL/hour... - Mind and muscle: the cognitive-affective neuroscience of exerciseDan J Stein
Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa
CNS Spectr 12:19-22. 2007..The hypothesis that Homo sapiens evolved as a specialist endurance runner provides an intriguing context against which to research the proximal mechanisms relevant to a cognitive-affective neuroscience of exercise... - Excessive skeletal muscle recruitment during strenuous exercise in McArdle patientsDale E Rae
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 110:1047-55. 2010..Excessive muscle recruitment for a given load could be one of the mechanisms explaining the exercise intolerance of these patients... - Measuring submaximal performance parameters to monitor fatigue and predict cycling performance: a case study of a world-class cyclo-cross cyclistRobert P Lamberts
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 108:183-90. 2010..In conclusion, these data suggest that the LSCT is able to track changes in training status and detect the consequences of sharp increases in training loads which seem to be associated with accumulating fatigue... - Submaximal force production during perceptually guided isometric exerciseSacha J West
MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, P O Box 115, Newlands, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 95:537-42. 2005..Furthermore, prior fatiguing isometric exercise did not have an effect on the subsequent perceptual response range... - Changes in heart rate recovery after high-intensity training in well-trained cyclistsRobert P Lamberts
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 105:705-13. 2009..96; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, HRR is a sensitive marker which tracks changes in training status in already well-trained cyclists and has the potential to have an important role in monitoring and prescribing training... - The rate of increase in rating of perceived exertion predicts the duration of exercise to fatigue at a fixed power output in different environmental conditionsHelen Crewe
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 103:569-77. 2008..92). This study shows that the rate of increase in RPE predicts the duration of exercise to exhaustion at a constant power output in different environmental conditions... - The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effortAlan St Clair Gibson
Brain Sciences Research Group, MRC UCT Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Sports Med 36:705-22. 2006.... - Electro-membrane microcurrent therapy reduces signs and symptoms of muscle damageMichael I Lambert
MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, P O Box 115, Newlands, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:602-7. 2002..Acustat electro-membrane microcurrent therapy has been used to treat postoperative pain and soft tissue injury; however, its efficacy in reducing symptoms of muscle damage is not known... - Athletes with exercise-associated fatigue have abnormally short muscle DNA telomeresMalcolm Collins
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1524-8. 2003.... - Reduced eccentric loading of the knee with the pose running methodRegan E Arendse
MRC UCT Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:272-7. 2004..The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical changes during natural heel-toe running with learned midfoot and Pose running... - Impaired exercise performance in the heat is associated with an anticipatory reduction in skeletal muscle recruitmentRoss Tucker
MRC UCT Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, PO Box 115, 7725, Newlands, South Africa
Pflugers Arch 448:422-30. 2004..This adaptation appears to form part of an anticipatory response which adjusts muscle recruitment and power output to reduce heat production, thereby ensuring that thermal homeostasis is maintained during exercise in the heat... - The ACE gene and endurance performance during the South African Ironman TriathlonsMalcolm Collins
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1314-20. 2004..The aim of this study was to determine whether the ID polymorphism is associated with the performance of the fastest finishers of the South African Ironman Triathlons... - Effect of distance feedback on pacing strategy and perceived exertion during cyclingYumna Albertus
MRC UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:461-8. 2005..The aim of this study was to investigate whether providing incorrect distance feedback would alter pacing strategies, perceived exertion, and heart rate during 20-km cycling time trials (TT)... - Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise and endurance performanceAndrew N Bosch
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology University of Cape Town and Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road Newlands 7700, South Africa
Indian J Med Res 121:634-8. 2005 - Serum electrolytes in Ironman triathletes with exercise-associated muscle crampingNicole U Sulzer
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:1081-5. 2005..The increased EMG activity of cramping muscles may reflect increased neuromuscular activity... - The rate of heat storage mediates an anticipatory reduction in exercise intensity during cycling at a fixed rating of perceived exertionRoss Tucker
University of Cape Town Medical Research Council UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
J Physiol 574:905-15. 2006..This regulation maintains thermal homeostasis by reducing the exercise work rate and utilizing the subjective RPE specifically to ensure that excessive heat accumulation does not occur and cellular catastrophe is avoided... - Updated fluid recommendation: position statement from the International Marathon Medical Directors Association (IMMDA)Tamara Hew-Butler
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Clin J Sport Med 16:283-92. 2006 - A novel energy expenditure prediction equation for intermittent physical activityLara R Dugas
Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:2154-61. 2005.... - Variability in exercise capacity and metabolic response during endurance exercise after a low carbohydrate dietAmanda Claassen
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7725, South Africa
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15:97-116. 2005..Maintenance of euglycemia in the CHO-depleted state might have an ergogenic effect, however, the effect is highly variable between individuals and independent of changes in CHO oxidation... - Electromyographic (EMG) normalization method for cycle fatigue protocolsAngus M Hunter
MRC UCT Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:857-61. 2002..To determine the most effective electromyographic (EMG) normalization method for cycling fatigue protocols... - The effect of selective beta1-blockade on EMG signal characteristics during progressive endurance exerciseAngus M Hunter
MRC UCT Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 88:275-81. 2002.... - Deception and perceived exertion during high-intensity running boutsDavid B Hampson
MRC/UCT Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Newlands, South Africa
Percept Mot Skills 98:1027-38. 2004.... - Skeletal muscle monocarboxylate transporter content is not different between black and white runnersYolande X R Harley
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science Sports Medicine, PO Box 115, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa
Eur J Appl Physiol 105:623-32. 2009..88, P < 0.001), but MCT1 content did not. Although whole homogenate MCT content was not different between the groups, more research is required to explain the lower plasma lactate concentrations in black runners... - Hyponatremia in distance runners: fluid and sodium balance during exerciseTim Noakes
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
Curr Sports Med Rep 1:197-207. 2002.... - Acute interleukin-6 administration impairs athletic performance in healthy, trained male runnersPaula J Robson-Ansley
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Dept. of Human Biology, Univ. of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
Can J Appl Physiol 29:411-8. 2004.... - Osmotic and nonosmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin during prolonged endurance exerciseTamara Hew-Butler
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:2072-8. 2008.... - Practical management of exercise-associated hyponatremic encephalopathy: the sodium paradox of non-osmotic vasopressin secretionTamara Hew-Butler
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Clin J Sport Med 18:350-4. 2008.... - The guanine-thymine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism within the tenascin-C gene is associated with achilles tendon injuriesGaonyadiwe G Mokone
UCT MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
Am J Sports Med 33:1016-21. 2005..The tenascin-C gene, which has been mapped to chromosome 9q32-q34, encodes for a structural component of tendons... - Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runnersHassane Zouhal
Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory M2S, UFRAPS, University of Rennes 2 ENS Cachan, Rennes, France
Br J Sports Med 45:1101-5. 2011..The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between athletic performance and the change in body weight (BW) during a 42 km marathon in a large cohort of runners... - Tainted glory--doping and athletic performanceTimothy D Noakes
University of Cape Town/Medical Research Council Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa
N Engl J Med 351:847-9. 2004 - In health and in a normoxic environment, VO2 max is/is not limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flowTimothy David Noakes
MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine University of Cape Town and Sports Science Institute of South Africa Newlands, South Africa
J Appl Physiol 100:1742. 2006 - The limits of endurance exerciseTimothy David Noakes
Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7925, South Africa
Basic Res Cardiol 101:408-17. 2006..Given good health and an adequate food supply to prevent starvation and scurvy, these limits are set by the mind, not by the body. For it is the mind that determines who chooses to start and who best stays the distance... - Linear relationship between the perception of effort and the duration of constant load exercise that remainsTimothy David Noakes
J Appl Physiol 96:1571-2; author reply 1572-3. 2004 - Overconsumption of fluids by athletesTimothy David Noakes
BMJ 327:113-4. 2003 - Viewpoint: Fatigue mechanisms determining exercise performance: integrative physiology is systems physiologyTimothy David Noakes
J Appl Physiol 104:1544-5. 2008