K Peltzer

..To investigate 5 healthy dietary behaviors among Black and White South Africans...

..When delivered in the context of a comprehensive SBI implementation programme, this training is effective in changing providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practice of SBI for at-risk drinking...

..32, 1.21-4.44), and ever having had sexual intercourse (OR = 4.16, CI = 3.40-7.68). Psychosocial, health-risk behaviours and lack of protective factors appear to effect suicidal ideation in this youth population...

..This study examined the association of alcohol use and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a clinic population in South Africa...

..These findings stress the need for early and integrated prevention programmes...

..Low prevalence rates of overweight or obesity were found in Ghana and Uganda. Smoking cessation and social programs could be integrated into strategies to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in youth...

..This report examines the prevalence and common correlates of early smoking initiation among male and female school children across seven African countries...

..Randomized control trials are called for to test the effectiveness of traditional healing for HIV/AIDS, STI and TB prevention and care...

..The study found a high level of preparedness among traditional healers to work with and refer patients to biomedical health practitioners, yet no higher levels of referral to biomedical practitioners were found after the training...

..Results show that many of them obtained care only late in pregnancy and inadequately. Reasons for the delay in seeking antenatal care should be further investigated...

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..These findings suggest mistrust towards HCT providers should be reduced and screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems provided...

..Stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with AIDS (PWAs) may reduce people's willingness to have themselves tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)--thereby increasing the risk of transmission...

..Race and preventive benefits were predictive for current condom use. Findings have relevant implications for developing culturally diverse HIV intervention programs if confirmed with larger diverse groups...

..In high income countries, studies have measured school population level physical activity and substance use, but comparable data are lacking from most African countries...

..Among a community sample of 801 rural South Africans, 22.2% of men and 5.0% of women were classified as high-risk drinkers and 3.3% as with probable alcohol dependence...

..The majority recognized the essential values of salt and fat. More semi-urban participants did not recognize that salt and fat are dietary essentials and that too much salt or fat is better than none at all...

..3% of women met criteria for probable alcohol dependence or harmful drinking as defined by AUDIT. Logistic multiple regression identified men and being single, divorced, or widowed as predictors for hazardous and harmful drinking...

..Trauma history was significantly associated with gambling severity...

..There is a lack of data on injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Africa...

..Findings are promising for efforts to up-scale integrated medical circumcision alongside traditional initiation into manhood...

..Interventions influencing the posited mediating variables, i.e., social support resources and personal life skills competences, should be enhanced...

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..To assess the implementation of the Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) strategy as part of a routine practice of nurses in 18 primary health care services in Vhembe district, South Africa...

..HIV prevention and family planning must acknowledge the reproductive desires of HIV positive women and men...

..Results indicate that major potential barriers in implementing PMTCT programmes in a resource poor setting included physical access to the health facility, PMTCT knowledge, stigma and support, HIV testing, and delivery preference...

..Analysis indicated that positive perceptions of the school and parental relations were identified as significant and positive peer and siblings relationships as nonsignificant predictors for indicators of positive health...

..8). A current indicative diagnosis of PTSD of 12.4% also compares with other studies; 19.9% among urban Xhosa primary care patients and 11.8% among American primary care patients...

..Increasing trends of non-communicable diseases is a worldwide phenomenon including in the developing countries. Few studies focus on adolescent's positive health and their predictors...

..This paper seeks to describe the associations between socio-demographic, behavioural and social characteristics and knowledge of HIV status among a nationally representative population in South Africa...

..The aim of this study was to assess HIV symptoms and demographic, social and disease variables of people living with HIV in South Africa...

..The aim of this study was to investigate factors determining HIV viral testing of infants in the context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)...

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..To identify factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis by HIV positive mothers participating in the HIV prevention of mother to child (PMTCT) programme...

..The aim of this study was to test an intervention for safe traditional circumcision in the context of initiation into manhood among the Xhosa, Eastern Cape, South Africa...

..8) were associated with internalized AIDS stigma. These findings may suggest that HIV care should include counseling and support that includes stigma concerns, depression, and QoL prior to and during the first year following diagnosis...

..Identified factors can inform the implementation of public health interventions in order to reduce passive smoking among adolescents...

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..To identify factors that influence adherence to short-course antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis by pregnant women and mothers participating in the HIV prevention of mother to child (PMTCT) programme...

..In addition, legislation and control of traditional male circumcision in Gauteng province, where the study took place, are recommended to make traditional male circumcision safer and to prevent adverse events to happen...

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..To examine the understanding of both health and illness (colds, broken arms, chicken pox, AIDS) in the same black South African children..

..In addition, they should be trained on HIV risk practices, HIV/AIDS, HIV prevention including PMTCT, infant feeding and family planning...

..TM and probably CAM is used by substantial proportions of the general population, but differences in study design and methodological limitations make it difficult to compare prevalence estimates...

..Conclusions: A lay counsellor-delivered HIV prevention intervention targeting HIV-infected patients seems to be feasible to implement with fidelity in the South African HCT setting and promising at reducing risk behaviour...

..As antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes more widely available in low and middle income countries, the relationship between treatment and sexual risk behaviour in these countries has also become more important...

..This report examines early sexual debut (<age 15) among 15-year-old in-school adolescents in eight African countries...

..To present data on fruits and vegetables consumption and associated factors among African in-school adolescents...

..48), lifetime drug use (AOR = 4.35, 1.04-18.3) and lack of parental or guardian bonding (AOR = 0.51, 0.27-0.97). Efforts to control unhealthy lifestyles (substance use) and psychosocial distress may impact on adolescents' sexual activity...

..HIV knowledge, HIV testing behaviour and attitudes were found to be not associated with the delivery option...

..In general, the conference was successful in identifying innovations in access to prevention, treatment and care in HIV/AIDS...

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..6% of the pupils had a possible clinically significant psychological disorder. Contributing factors identified were interpersonal, study, finance, illness, perceived stress, low self-efficacy, and low religious orientation...

..Pearson product-moment correlations of .3 and .6 suggested weak association of knowledge about transmission and general knowledge with a supportive attitude...

..quot; Analysis of variance indicated no relationships for sex, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status with correct answers...

..The conference offered food for thought around response construction while singling out the themes of urgency and acceleration of response, synergy construction, and coordination and conception of political responses...

..Although a majority acknowledged negative effects of snuff use on their health and its addictive character, 42% either do not believe or do not know that snuff contains nicotine and causes cancer...

..It is suggested that these predictors should be included in intervention programs for HIV prevention...

..8 yr., SD = 3.9). Analysis showed that men held more positive attitudes than women did towards gambling. Positive attitudes toward gambling were related to individual differences in risk-taking, liberalism, and course of study...

..Risk awareness in relation to disease was higher among Blacks than among Whites. The strongest predictors for various health behaviours were gender, ethnicity and age...

..Participants supported prosecuting offenders and longer prison sentences and did not favour leniency for first-time offenders. They further believed children, the family, and even less the offenders should receive treatment...

..Traumatized and nontraumatized subjects were compared on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression and anxiety. In addition, gender differences, socio-economic and family background were studied...

..75), 'knowledge of self-protection' (.68), 'how AIDS/HIV affects the body' (.66), and 'alcohol and sexual behaviour'. These findings should contribute to the development of health promotion initiatives directed at AIDS/HIV...

..Stronger beliefs in the importance of not smoking, being female and lower age were identified as independent predictors among non-smokers than smokers...

..Knowledge was found to be related to attitude but not with tobacco use behavior. Awareness of the adverse effects of such tobacco habits was poor and intervention programs to curb tobacco use is required...

..The three most predominantly used substances were alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Urban and rural differences in substances used were found...

..1% versus 31.9% for antibiotics and 92.6% versus 68.5% for drugs from the essential drugs list. Drug prescribing in both sectors needs to be regulated, especially the use of antibiotics, essential drugs and generic prescribing...

..The findings are discussed in relation to the nature of brain fag symptoms, precipitating factors, and socioeconomic status...

..Results are discussed in view of improving culturally sensitive compliance behaviour among hypertensive patients...

..It is recommended that the quality of HIV counseling be improved and the program of maternal self-medication with nevirapine tablets at onset of labor and maternal provision of nevirapine syrup to newborns be encouraged...

..The results of the study showed that HIV/AIDS impacts negatively on duties at work, lowers staff morale and increases staff workload...

..The paper's aim is to determine the role of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in filling possible gaps in primary health care (PHC) service provision...

..A nonfatalistic orientation was significantly associated with observed seatbelt use and self-reported seatbelt use. Logistic regression analysis identified a nonfatalistic orientation as independent predictor for observed seatbelt use...

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..To investigate the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour, and to assess the perceived influences on food selection among Black students in South Africa...

..Regression analysis identified drinking status as predictor for depressive symptoms...

..Economic status, education of parents. living arrangement. and rural-urban differences were not associated with substance use. Findings have implications for prevention programmes...

..Findings have relevant implications for the development of coping strategies to aid victims of road traffic accidents in dealing with their trauma in this African context, which may differ to those in Western societies...

..71% had more than one score and 53% had more than four scores on the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly related to age and experiences such as those mentioned above...

..Of the Black women 60.5% and 8.4% of White women had never had a cervical smear test. Logistic regression analysis indicated that attitudes were an independent predictor for these two tests...

..Further research is needed to establish the prevalence of domestic violence in women presenting to medical practitioners and to investigate how the problem currently is being addressed...

..It is concluded that superstition represents an attitude that is associated with a driver's accident risk, and further research on superstitious attitudes among South African drivers is advocated...

..To determine the extent of trauma and mental health problems...

..Generally, positive and medicinal effects were noted for snuff use. Most participants agreed that it is addictive, but only a few acknowledged the negative effects in terms of causing cancer...

..7%) perceived themselves as not sexually abused as a child, and many (50.2%) rated their childhood as "very happy." A call is made for more research, publicity, and campaigns in the area of child sexual abuse in the Province...

..327 first-year students in South Africa showed a significantly more favourable attitude towards handicaps than 205 first-year Indian students...

..This study has identified opportunities for enlisting THs' collaboration in future community-based tobacco dependence interventions...

..There are no known interventions that directly target HIV risk behavior among people who drink and are at risk for HIV in Africa...

..It is suggested that healthcare workers provide services for increasing basic knowledge about causes and risk reduction of tuberculosis of the population in every age group...