Current clinical treatments of AIDSErin-Margaret Murphy
Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Adv Pharmacol 56:27-73. 2008
MicroRNA profile changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive individualsLaurent Houzet
Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Retrovirology 5:118. 2008
..The HIV-1-positive individuals were categorized operationally into four classes based on their CD4+ T-cell counts and their viral loads. We report that specific miRNA signatures can be observed for each of the four classes...
Isolation of a new HIV-2 group in the USStephen M Smith
Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint Michael s Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 5:103. 2008
..Health care providers in Sierra Leone and elsewhere need to be alerted that a subtype of HIV-2, which is not detected by PCR for epidemic HIV-2 strains, exists and can lead to immunosuppression...
The pathogenesis of HIV infection: stupid may not be so dumb after allStephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School, Newark New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 3:60. 2006
..A full understanding of pathogenesis may lead to novel therapies, which preserve the immune system without blocking virus replication...
Valproic acid and HIV-1 latency: beyond the sound biteStephen M Smith
Department of Medicine, Saint Michael s Medical Center, The New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 2:56. 2005
..Margolis'group found that valproic acid plus enfuvirtide reduces the pool of CD4+ T-cells, which are latently infected with HIV-1, the so-called viral reservoir. This commentary critically addresses current data on this topic...
Prevalence of GB virus type C in urban Americans infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1Stephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 2:38. 2005
..These data provide increased insight into the prevalence of GBV-C co-infection in the HIV epidemic in this understudied population...
New York City HIV superbug: fear or fear not?Stephen M Smith
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Saint Michael s Medical Center, New Jersey, USA
Retrovirology 2:14. 2005
..The Health Commissioner, Thomas R. Frieden, called for increased vigilance against this new strain. Is this situation an emerging crisis or simply an unusual case report of rapid HIV progression?..
Pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV: it is timeStephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 1:16. 2004
..An effective vaccine and widespread treatment are years, if not, decades away. In this most urgent situation, I propose that pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis be studied as a means to reduce the spread of HIV-1 among at-risk individuals...
HIV CTL escape: at what cost?Stephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Retrovirology 1:8. 2004
..Further, a CTL based HIV-1 vaccine is likely to have long-term protective effect against disease only if the escape virus is significantly weakened compared with wild type...
Retrospective analysis of viral load and SIV antibody responses in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SIV: predictive value for disease progressionS M Smith
St Michael s Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 15:1691-701. 1999
..We also found that a formalin-fixed, microencapuslated SIV vaccine reduced viral load without affecting clinical outcome. This latter finding may have implications for the evaluation of HIV-1 human vaccine trials...
Estrogen protects against vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virusS M Smith
Infectious Diseases Section, Dept of Internal Medicine, St Michael s Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
J Infect Dis 182:708-15. 2000
..Moreover, topical vaginal estrogen therapy may be an effective means of reducing HIV vaginal transmission in these high-risk groups...
HIV vaccine development in the nonhuman primate model of AIDSStephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA
J Biomed Sci 9:100-11. 2002
..Much of this work has been done with the nonhuman primate model of AIDS. In a historical context, vaccine studies, which use this model, are summarized and discussed...
A peptide-loaded dendritic cell based cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) vaccination strategy using peptides that span SIV Tat, Rev, and Env overlapping reading framesZachary Klase
Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Michael s Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
Retrovirology 3:1. 2006
..However, conclusive in vivo control of a challenge inoculation of SIVmac239 was not observed suggesting that CTL epitopes within densely overlapping reading frames are also subject to escape mutations...
Topical estrogen protects against SIV vaginal transmission without evidence of systemic effectStephen M Smith
Saint Michael's Medical Center and The New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
AIDS 18:1637-43. 2004
..These results support the study of topical vaginal estriol in preventing HIV vaginal transmission in at-risk women...
An in vivo replication-important function in the second coding exon of Tat is constrained against mutation despite cytotoxic T lymphocyte selectionStephen M Smith
Saint Michael s Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
J Biol Chem 278:44816-25. 2003
..We suggest the second coding exon of Tat as an example of a functionally constrained "epitope" whose elicited CTL response cannot be escaped by virus mutation without producing a virus that replicates poorly in vivo...
HIV vaccine developmentMahender Singh
Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
Front Biosci 10:2064-81. 2005
..This review discusses current results obtained in the macaque model and human vaccine trials...
The evolution of HIV and its consequencesCristian Apetrei
Tulane National Primate Research Center and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 18:369-94. 2004
..The potential impact of this viral diversity on treatment, monitoring,and vaccine development is discussed...
Efficacy and safety of etravirine (TMC125) in patients with highly resistant HIV-1: primary 24-week analysisJeffrey P Nadler
Hillsborough County Health Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
AIDS 21:F1-10. 2007
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Women have a greater immunological response to effective virological HIV-1 therapyDiana G Finkel
AIDS 17:2009-11. 2003
Measuring brain atrophy in multiple sclerosisNicola De Stefano
Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
J Neuroimaging 17:10S-15S. 2007
..It represents one of most promising in vivo measures of neuroaxonal degeneration in MS, and it should be used extensively in the future to assess and monitor pathological evolution and treatment efficacy in this disease...
Monitoring disease activity and progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis using MRI: sub-voxel registration to identify lesion changes and to detect cerebral atrophyValerie L Stevenson
NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, London
J Neurol 249:171-7. 2002
....
High- and low-tech malaria controlStephen M Smith
Science 304:1744; author reply 1744. 2004