R J Hancox

..This classification can help determine whether corticosteroid treatment is indicated. We assessed the stability of these phenotypes over time and with different treatment regimens...

..Understanding the natural history and underlying causes of asthma may lead to development of strategies for primary prevention...

..We assessed the effect of long-acting beta-agonist treatment on the response to 5 mg nebulised salbutamol and to ipratropium bromide...

..This study assessed tolerance to the bronchodilator action of salbutamol during ongoing treatment with long-acting beta-agonist...

..However, many constitutional and environmental factors affect F(E)NO, making it difficult to devise reference values. Our aim was to evaluate the relative importance of factors affecting F(E)NO in a well characterised adult population...

..It is also unclear whether postnatal growth affects adult lung function. The associations between birth weight, postnatal growth and adult lung function were assessed in an unselected birth cohort of 1037 children...

..To assess the impact of television viewing during childhood and adolescence on body mass index (BMI) in children up to the age of 15 years...

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..Long-acting beta-agonists have also been shown to improve asthma control when taken in combination with inhaled corticosteroids. The clinical significance of tolerance in this context remains to be determined...

..The role of obesity in mediating this association is also unclear. We explored the associations between respiratory symptoms, lung function, and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a birth cohort of approximately 1000 individuals...

..abstract:..

..We explored the association between the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and the systemic inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in young adults...

..Cigarette smoke has immunosuppressant effects, but its effect on allergic sensitization is unclear...

..A common concern is that watching too much television may also have a negative impact on education. However, no long-term studies have measured childhood viewing and educational achievement...

..It remains unclear if this association is due to genuine asthma or to symptoms caused by overweight, at what age the association develops, and whether it is confined to females...

..Cannabis use was associated with higher lung volumes, suggesting hyperinflation and increased large-airways resistance, but there was little evidence for airflow obstruction or impairment of gas transfer...

..These findings support the hypothesis that short-acting beta-agonists have a permissive effect on airway inflammation and that when used in high dose there may be an unfavorable interaction with inhaled corticosteroids...

..Most of these studies have been cross sectional in design and have relied on subjective markers of asthma such as symptoms of wheeze. Many have been unable to control adequately for potential confounding factors...

..This bronchodilator tolerance is evident in circumstances of acute bronchconstriction...

..Increasing bronchoconstriction conferred greater susceptibility to the effects of bronchodilator tolerance...

..This study sought to determine the relationship between levels of the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), cardiovascular risk factors and oral contraceptive use in young adults...

..Obesity is thought to increase the risk of asthma, especially in women. It has been proposed that this association could be due to the immune-modulating effect of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue...

..Polymorphisms of the beta(2) adrenoceptor influence receptor function in vitro and asthma phenotypes in vivo. However, their importance in determining responses to inhaled beta agonist treatment has not been clearly defined...

..We conclude that eNO measurements are as useful as induced sputum analysis and AHR in assessing airway inflammation, with the advantage that they are easy to perform...

..The relationship found in this study was linear over the dose range 0-500 microg x day(-1) soon after commencing therapy and continued over time...

..Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic persistent asthma are likely to require modification to reflect these developments...

..Thus, although tolerance is influenced in vitro by polymorphism of the beta2-adrenoceptor, the magnitude of between-genotype differences in vivo is unlikely to be significant...

..Exhaled nitric oxide is a noninvasive measure of asthmatic airway inflammation...

..12). Results suggest that psychosocial variables, sex and scale use, in addition to established genetic determinants, may help explain variability in ratings of supra-threshold concentrations of PROP...

..The aim of the study was to examine changes in medication usage between ages 26 and 32 in a prospective study of a representative birth cohort...

..To examine associations between screen time (television, video or DVD, gaming, and computer use) and attachment to parents and peers in 2 cohorts of adolescents 16 years apart...

..Exhaled nitric oxide is a noninvasive measure of asthmatic airway inflammation...

..To assess whether the long-term effects of childhood television viewing on BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness are mediated by adult viewing...

..Tobacco smoking is a recognized behavioral risk factor for periodontal disease (through its systemic effects), and cannabis smoking may contribute in a similar way...

..The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and CRP, controlling for obesity in an unselected cohort of young adults...

..However, there have been no longitudinal studies of childhood viewing and adult health. We explored these associations in a birth cohort followed up to age 26 years...

..One possible explanation might be that these studies have used body mass index to identify adiposity, which might be a less reliable measure of body fat in men than in women...

..These data support the hypothesis that p53 protects from DNA damage in humans and provides a potential explanation for the variation in lung function impairment amongst smokers...

..We conclude that ECP is not a sensitive or reliable means of evaluating airway inflammation, and can not be recommended for assessing responses to anti-inflammatory therapy...

..This approach offers the best opportunity to close the gap between what is currently achieved in asthma management and that which is potentially achievable...

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..We compared the efficacy of Salamol and Ventolin inhalers in relieving acute bronchospasm. We also tested the efficacy of partially used Salamol inhalers because of concerns that the device may become blocked during use...

..Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed...

..Whether such developmental subtypes exist in the population and have different prognoses should be rigorously tested to inform the DSM-V...

..CONCLUSIONS: Bronchodilator tolerance occurs after a single dose and reaches a maximum after 1 week of regular formoterol. Sensitivity recovers 3 days after stopping treatment...

..The extent to which this phenomenon contributes to asthma morbidity and mortality remains to be determined...

..To investigate the prevalence of serum troponin elevation in patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)...

..The policy of requiring Olympic athletes to demonstrate the presence of asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or AHR to be approved to inhale beta(2)-agonists will continue...