Manolis Kogevinas

..The combination of powerful study designs, advanced exposure assessment together with a better understanding of mechanisms of disease and the use of biomarkers of exposure, led to the strengthening of the epidemiological evidence...

..A recent study (Villanueva et al. 2007; Am J Epidemiol 165:148-156) found an increased bladder cancer risk among subjects attending swimming pools relative to those not attending...

..The collection of quality of interview scores and the exclusion of unreliable interviews probably reduce misclassification of exposure in observational studies...

..We evaluated the bladder cancer risk associated with coffee consumption in a case-control study in Spain and examined the gene-environment interactions for genetic variants of caffeine-metabolizing enzymes...

..Whether these correspond to low-penetrance cancer-predisposing polymorphisms acting together and/or interacting with environmental factors warrants further research...

..Disinfection by-products in drinking water are chemical contaminants that have been associated with cancer and other adverse effects. Exposure occurs from consumption of tap water, inhalation and dermal absorption...

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..First, we assessed all markers in a subset of subjects using DNA pooling, and in a second stage we evaluated the most promising markers at an individual level...

..To determine the frequency and the prognostic value of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder tumors according to tumor stage and grade...

..Results do not support an association of bladder cancer risk with low-level exposure to PAHs as measured through the formation of bulky DNA adducts in peripheral mononuclear cells...

..Air pollution has been associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. We examined whether long-term air pollution is associated with bladder cancer risk...

..Swimming in chlorinated pools involves exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) and has been associated with impaired respiratory health...

..Cross-sectional studies have reported inconsistent findings for the association between recreational swimming pool attendance and asthma and allergic diseases in childhood...

..As drinking water was mainly bottled and bathing was infrequent, showering and swimming in pools were the main pathways of THM exposure. Specific water uses among children slightly differed by sociodemographic characteristics...

..The aim was to analyze Tp53 and HDM2 in T1G3 bladder tumors and to determine the prognostic value of their alterations...

..57 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 2.09). Bladder cancer risk was associated with long-term exposure to THMs in chlorinated water at levels regularly occurring in industrialized countries...

..The outcome will be improved risk assessment and better information for risk management. The work is divided into different topics (exposure assessment, epidemiology, risk assessment and management) and studies...

..The association of bladder cancer with tap water consumption, but not with nontap water fluids, suggests that carcinogenic chemicals in tap water may explain the increased risk...

..Diseases of the skin are important and often preventable conditions occurring among workers with dermal exposures to irritant and sensitizing agents...

..The present analysis was conducted to assess the associations between occupational exposure to specific HMW allergens and the risk of B-cell, T-cell, and Hodgkin's lymphomas...

..Acetaminophen use during pregnancy has been associated with a reduced risk of stillbirth and preterm birth, but findings are based on few studies with small numbers of exposed women...

..To examine whether pregnant women who used acetaminophen, a prostaglandinG2 synthase inhibitor, had an increased risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, thromboembolic complications, or abruptio placentae...

..Traffic-related air pollution is related with asthma, and this association may be modified by genetic factors...

..None of the polymorphisms examined significantly modified the hair dye associated risk. Overall, this study does not support an association between hair dye use and bladder cancer...

..We therefore aimed to estimate the relative and attributable risks of new-onset asthma in relation to occupations, work-related exposures, and inhalation accidents...

..Professional use of hypochlorite (bleach) has been associated with respiratory symptoms. Bleach is capable of inactivating allergens, and there are indications that its domestic use may reduce the risk of allergies in children...

..Paracetamol use has been associated with increased prevalence of asthma in children and adults, and one study reported an association between pre-natal exposure to paracetamol and asthma in early childhood...

..Evidence associating exposure to water disinfection by-products with reduced birth weight and altered duration of gestation remains inconclusive...

..Subgroup analysis according to stage, grade, and molecular features may help in identifying specific etiological and prognostic factors involved in different bladder cancer progression pathways...

..CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men...

..Long-term cohort studies may be fundamental to fully evaluate these associations...

..The authors assessed the extent to which use of respiratory protection and ventilation equipment is associated with self-employed versus employee status among adults in an international study...

..At present, relatively little is known about prevailing patterns of intake across groups with diverse sociodemographic and lifestyle patterns in these settings...

..Low participation rates in the selection of population controls are an increasing concern for the validity of case-control studies worldwide...

..We evaluated if acetaminophen, one of the most frequently used drugs among pregnant women is associated with an increased prevalence of congenital abnormalities...

..This study examined the associations and age-specific effects on asthma, atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) of five candidate genes previously identified by positional cloning (ADAM33, PHF11, NPSR1, DPP10, SPINK5)...

..P53 is the most widely investigated molecular marker in bladder cancer. We aimed to review comprehensively the evidence for use of changes in P53 to predict bladder-cancer recurrence, progression, and mortality...

..15-13.75), wt/mut 0.67 (0.19-2.31), mut/mut 1.62 (0.27-9.59). These molecular features support the notion that T1G3 tumors are at the crossroads of the two main molecular pathways proposed for bladder cancer development and progression...

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..Recent studies suggest that prenatal exposure to PAH is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Other than tobacco smoke and occupational exposures, diet is the main source of human PAH exposure...

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..The occurrence of new-onset asthma during adulthood is common, but there is insufficient understanding of its determinants including the role of atopy...

..95; 0.76-1.20). CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the risk of bladder cancer is increased with long-term exposure to disinfection byproducts at levels currently observed in many industrialized countries...

..Although it has been hypothesized that fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase obesity risk, empirical data are limited, and it is uncertain how early in life any effects may begin...

..We examined which occupations and industries are currently at high risk for bladder cancer in men...

..In conclusion, THMs and HAAs have limited value as predictors of other DBPs on a generalised basis. Principal component analysis provides a complementary tool to address the complex nature of the mixture...

..An overview of existing studies and their data is needed to improve collaboration, harmonization, and future project planning...

..1, 95% CI 2.5-14.4; OR for G/G genotype 1.7, 95% CI 0.8-3.3). The present findings provide, for the first time, evidence for a complex pattern of interaction between obesity, a pro-inflammatory genetic factor and asthma...

..These results are supported by a meta-analysis of previously published studies...

..60 (0.53-4.84)], although overall there was no increased risk for T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to immunologically active agents among clinically immunocompetent subjects was associated with risk for Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..To evaluate the use of acetaminophen (paracetamol), aspirin and dipyrone (metamizol) in a multicenter study...

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..However, these specific exposure risks should be interpreted in connection with the whole of concomitant exposures constituting the work environment...

..Adjustment for variables associated with asthma and bronchitis explained little of the observed health differences by socioeconomic status...

..In conclusion, occupational exposures contributed to the occurrence of chronic (industrial) bronchitis in young adults. Fixed airflow limitation was not evident, probably due to the relatively young age of this population...

..Recent studies have shown an excess risk of asthma for cleaners, but it is not clear which cleaning-related exposures induce or aggravate asthma...

..Many of the recommendations made to increase participation and effectiveness were not based on empirical data...

..To evaluate mesothelioma death trends in Spain and to predict the number of future cases of mesothelioma...

..Asthma in cleaning workers showed many similarities with that in workers known to be at risk for occupational asthma. Atopic sensitisation did not seem to play an important role in cleaning-related asthma...

..Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and avoid potential reverse causation...

..To examine the recent epidemiological evidence on cancer risk among workers in the rubber industry...

..There are no large population-based studies on occupational asthma, and few estimates of the proportion of asthma attributed to occupation, even though asthma is the most common occupational respiratory disorder in industrialised countries...