Norihiro Sadato

..These mesial frontal areas are jointly involved in monitoring literal coherency and mentalizing within social contexts in order to comprehend the pragmatic meanings of utterances...

..Although the neural mechanism of chronic fatigue syndrome has been investigated by a number of researchers, it remains poorly understood...

..The task was sentence comprehension in Japanese sign language...

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..Our results indicate a close relationship between cross-modal attentional control and cross-modal binding during speech reading...

..Furthermore, seven out of eight experts performed a tactile shape matching task with unfamiliar 2D Braille characters...

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..In addition to bridging a gap between previous psychological and neurological findings, our results demonstrated a temporal dynamics of attentional modulation in the human brain...

..Therefore, dorsal visual regions are involved in the functional shift in V1 from visual to tactile information processing in blind subjects...

..Along with the mentalizing network, the posterior cingulate cortex and the right temporo-parietal junction are involved in spatial perspective-taking during emotional narrative comprehension...

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..Taken together, our findings suggest that the mPFC and the striatum play a key role in regulating human social behaviors, and these results provide valuable insight into the neural basis of human altruism...

..Thus, we conclude that the nonlinearity of the BOLD response to neural activity originates mainly from that of the OEF response...

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..The STS represents the cardinal structure for perception of second-order motions, although further studies are needed to elucidate the exact neural process occurring in this area...

..Though we cannot clearly explain this unusual condition in the Yoga Master, a change of multiple regions relating to pain perception could be responsible, since pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience...

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..Instead, the visual association cortex may mediate the circuitry by which V1 is activated during tactile stimulation...

..However, we observed that an activation of S2 by pain was not significantly different from that by itching, indicating that S2 was associated with not only pain but also itching...

..These findings suggest that there are multiple subregions with differing stimulus selectivities distributed in the IT cortex, and that colour information is processed in these discrete subregions...

..This 2-step approach is designed to serve first grade children. In addition, we propose the RTI (response to intervention) model as a desirable system for remedial education...

..The left BA 47 might therefore be where mentalizing and language processes interact during sarcasm detection...

..This modality-dependent activation may indicate that the simple orthographic rule of the Japanese allows an alternate visual strategy to conduct the phonological awareness task, bypassing manipulation of phonological representation...

..This suggests that accessing of visual information during memory retrieval is associated with the primary visual cortex, and that its activation is time-dependent--probably related to the memory transformation or consolidation...

..From the present results, we found brain activity in not only odor-specific regions but also regions whose levels of activity were changed by an intensity difference of odor stimuli...

..These results indicate that modulation from V4 to V2 to V1 plays a significant role in SC perception during the Benham's top illusion...

..Our findings support the idea of a "common neural currency" for rewards and represent an important first step toward a neural explanation for complex human social behaviors...

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..We discussed this finding herein in relation to the modulation of access to the phonological representation caused by semantic priming...

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..Thus, the warning effect may be partly mediated by the potentiation of the pre-SMA through the midbrain-thalamus-ACC alerting network...

..The present results may relate with the functional model of face recognition in which the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of detailed features and the right hemisphere is efficient in the processing of global features...

..These findings support the theory that the input from oral structures converges hierarchically across the primary somatosensory cortex...

..With regard to the NS and RD scores, no significant sex difference was observed in the correlation. These results indicate that the temperamental traits measured using the questionnaire may have a morphological basis in the human brain...

..Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the motor cortex can enhance the performance of a paretic upper extremity after stroke. Reported effects on lower limb (LL) function are sparse...

..In contrast, there were no significantly activated regions in the ID task. Therefore, the left IPL is considered to play an important role in two-point discrimination...

..These results demonstrate the dominance of the left M1 in both ipsilateral innervation and transcallosal inhibition in right-handed individuals...

..5 T. CONCLUSION: There was a greater-than-linear increase in the contrast-to-noise ratio compared with the increase of field strength, demonstrating an advantage of using higher field strengths in fMRI studies...

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..Instead, the reciprocal of RT was linearly related to the reciprocal of the magnetic response latency, suggesting that the visual process interacts with other neural processes for decision and motor preparation...

..The complex response of the auditory cortex to the transition of the noise should be considered in designing functional MRI with auditory tasks...

..These findings suggest that the cortical neural cross talk occurs in the distributed networks upstream of the primary motor cortex through asymmetric interhemispheric interaction...

..Intense long-term fatigue is a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome, which is used as a model to study the mechanisms underlying fatigue...

..The results of the ERP experiment and independent component analysis paralleled those of the fMRI experiment and demonstrated that the repeated item produced an earlier peak than the hit item by approximately 50 ms...

..These findings indicate a close relationship between semantic and syntactic processes, and suggest that BA 45 might link verbal working memory and semantic processing via syntactic unification processes...

..This could be interpreted as a pragmatic function of the brain that permits visual information to reach the somatosensory area, and suggests human area 2 has an association function between kinesthesia and vision...

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..These results are discussed in terms of the functional association between the right PFC and the amygdala and its influence on cognitive processing...

..These data suggest that shape information from different sensory modalities may be integrated in the posterior intraparietal sulcus during tactile-visual matching tasks...

..This provides neurophysiological evidence that abacus experts utilize a visuo-spatial representation for digit memory...

..2% +/- 4.7%), which corresponds to the reported difference in synaptic density. The present data confirmed that a change in oxygen consumption could explain a transition from a positive to a negative BOLD response...

..These findings suggest that a reciprocal and competitive association between the unimodal and polymodal areas underlies the interaction between motion direction-related signals received simultaneously from different sensory modalities...

..These findings suggest that the mid superior temporal sulcus plays an important role in the auditory-visual integration process underlying vowel identification...

..We conclude that kinesthetic sensation associated with imagined movement is internally simulated during motor imagery by recruiting multiple motor areas...

..These results suggest that overlapping but not identical networks of areas are involved in counting sequences of sensory stimuli and sequences of movements in the human brain...

..It is thus suggested that the human parietal cortex may play a critical role in the maintenance of a coherent body image when the brain receives potentially conflicting multisensory information from the body...

..The lateral prefrontal area might play an important cognitive role in tactile estimation of surface roughness, whereas the PO and insula might be involved in the sensory processing that is important for estimating surface roughness...

..Thus, we suggest that a part of the right IPS is engaged in the multisensory spatial processing of grating orientation...

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..Thus, integrative analysis of spatial and temporal information obtained from the two experimental modalities may help in studying neural correlates involved in a particular cognitive task...

..There was no activation in the thalamus, somatosensory, cingulate, or insula cortices. This result suggests that the amygdala plays a role in the genesis of thermal discomfort due to cold...

..The parieto-occipital lobe, which has been found to be involved in face processing, also showed a functional decline associated with aging...

..This study demonstrates the activity in a subregion of the color-selective area in the ventral occipital cortex directly related to conscious color perception...

..The activity of these regions was less prominent with prior training than without it. Thus the left cerebellar hemisphere may be related to learning transfer across hands...

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..3% for NS. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SPM and NS yield relatively small differences in standardization and that both methods are effective and valid for PET studies in normal subjects...

..This asymmetric activation in the left PMdc might be related to the asymmetric interhemispheric interaction during right-handed tactile discrimination...

..The present data provide further evidence suggesting that both the left-right and anterior-posterior axes of the occipitotemporal cortex are differentially tuned according to the specific features of visual stimuli...

..The present study may contribute to elucidating a possible link among genes, the brain, and behavior in normal populations and may help reveal the biological basis of neuropsychiatric disorders...

..Furthermore, we used the MAR model with exogenous variables (MARX) to extend our understanding of these data, and to show how the input to V1 transfers to higher cortical areas...

..These regions in the frontal cortex may mediate the "top-down" control of retrieving gustatory information from the storage of long-term memories...

..The present study provides direct physiological evidence of modality-specific cognitive function within human BA6...

..This finding suggests that the right middle inferior frontal gyrus is engaged in self-evaluation preceded by self-face recognition based on the relevance to a standard self...