R Kakigi

..We then investigated how this response was modulated by the interaction of two agents. In the present experiment, we presented two kinds of visual stimuli (interacting and non-interacting BM) with two orientations (upright and inverted)...

..In the present study, we investigated the effect of proceeding notch-filtered noises (NFNs) with different frequency spectra on a following test tone using MEG...

..Here we used an auditory change-related N1 subcomponent (change-N1) of event-related brain potentials to investigate cortical mechanisms underlying change detection and echoic memory...

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..To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the single presentation of a sound is enough to elicit a change-related cortical response, and therefore, shape a memory trace enough to separate a subsequent stimulus...

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..Investigations of the cortical processing in pain perception including both first and second pain should provide a better understanding of pain perception and, therefore, contribute to pain relief in clinical medicine...

..Clear nerve action fields (NAFs) were consistently recorded from all subjects...

..Therefore, combining the study of pain SSEP(L) and conventional SSEP is useful to detect physiologic abnormalities, and sometimes subclinical abnormalities, of patients with peripheral and central nervous system lesions...

..Therefore, we speculated that brain responses to somatosensory stimulation, particularly components generated in SII, were affected by volitional changes...

..We have no evidence to support either, but we prefer the latter, since it is difficult to consider why neuronal activities would be increased during sleep...

..This finding may suggest greater effects of cognitive or emotional functions on second pain than the first pain...

..We reviewed the recent progress in electrophysiological studies using electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on human pain perception...

..In conclusion, check size significantly affects the latency and amplitude of the 100m and/or P100, but not the receptive areas for the stimulation...

..Though we cannot clearly explain this unusual condition in the Yoga Master, a change of multiple regions relating to pain perception could be responsible, since pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience...

..The responsible sites for this phenomenon are considered to be the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the brainstem and some parts of the brain such as the second sensory cortex and the cingulate cortex...

..2+/-0.6 m/s, which was significantly lower than the CV of the Adelta-fibers (10.0+/-4.5 m/s). This technique is novel and simple, and should be useful as a diagnostic tool for assessing the level of spinal cord lesions...

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..These findings support the idea that there are significant interactions of activities relating to somatosensory stimulation, visual stimulation and cognitive function, in both the primary and the secondary somatosensory cortex in humans...

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..To investigate the effect of conditioning painful stimulation on the early somatosensory magnetic fields (SEF) of test stimulation, in order to clarify the location of the gating effect of pain on tactile response...

..05) more inferior and lateral to that following the shoulder stimulation (Type 2, five subjects). The site of the receptive area for the posterior scalp shows interindividual variation, possibly due to anatomical differences...

..These findings demonstrated that the combined methods are useful for experimental and clinical exploration of the physiological function and pathophysiological role of Abeta-, Adelta- and C-fibers of a given peripheral nerve...

..These findings suggested that the "ear area" of SI has variability between subjects, unlike the other areas of SI, possibly because the ear is located on the border between the neck and face...

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..We confirmed that the 1M and 2M temporally linked with N20/P20 and N30/P30, respectively. The difference of TD of N20/P20 and N30/P30 indicated that the neural pathways to the responses to N20/P20 and N30/P30 might be independent...

..The motor and auditory activities were temporally overlapped, and BESA was very useful to separate the activities of each source...

..From our findings we suggest that parallel activation of SI and SII contralateral to the stimulation represents the first step in the cortical processing of C-fiber-related activities, probably related to second pain...

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..In conclusion, the extent of the centrifugal gating effect on SEPs was dependent on the activities of motor-related areas, which generated the NS and BP...

..Further, the existence of the neural activity induced only by the ambiguous image suggests that the competitive neural activities for the two possible percepts exist even when one dominant image is continuously perceived...

..Our data also implied that activities in the amygdala/hippocampal formation represented common effects of noxious and tactile stimulations...

..Only one subject showed activities in the left angular gyrus. Since activities in PIT areas were also found in alphabet letters, the bilateral PIT areas are considered to play an essential role in reading...

..These results suggest that the neural response to the PLW stimulus has developed by 10 years of age at the occipitotemporal electrode...

..The main component 1 M as well as later magnetic fields were markedly attenuated during sleep, suggesting that all these cortical areas are involved in pain cognition...

..The authors previously showed that rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) inhibited capsaicin-induced acute pain ascending through C-fibers...

..This N1m decrement is explained by the imbalanced neural activities caused by habituation and lateral inhibition in the auditory system. The results contribute to understanding of the inhibitory system in the human auditory cortex...

..The after-effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain-related brain responses was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)...

..Identification of a detailed topography of the receptive area for each of the thoracic dermatomes in humans using somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEF)...

..We recorded event-related magnetic fields following a target stimulus followed by a masking stimulus to investigate the visual backward masking effect using a helmet-type magnetoencephalography system in humans...

..Stimulation of the tragus activated the face in four, both in three, and neither in one. These fMRI findings confirm the result of MEG that the representation of the ear in the SI is separated into neck and face areas...

..The polarized length of the nerve obtained by reconstructing the magnetic field maps was approximately 17 cm, and the magnetic field complex moved along the nerve from the distal to the proximal part of the wrist at 58.7 m/s...

..We investigated the recovery function of somatosensory evoked magnetic cortical fields (SEFs) to confirm the temporal aspects of the somatosensory process in humans...

..The left perisylvian area was thus suggested to be related to the word repetition effect. The activity in this area might be associated with the lexical memory process...

..We suspect that the MEG response, whose dipole is estimated in the bilateral second somatosensory cortex (SII) and insula, reflects the primary activities of pain in humans...

..Furthermore, individual reaction times were mainly delayed by the speed of the process that generated the motion image...

..The areas responsive to eye motion were separable from those responsive to radial motion. These data suggest that there may be specialization within regions of human cortex previously thought to be sensitive to motion in general...

..We speculate that the somatosensory cortex was more activated and thus interacted with the applied stimulation during the unskilled movement of the non-dominant hand compared to the movement of the dominant hand...

..We recorded vocalization related cortical potentials (VRCP) with complete masking of one's own voice, and separated the feedback auditory potentials following vocalization from the VRCP complex...

..This inhibition differs from the reciprocal inhibition of the MEP observed in antagonistic muscles after the go signal, and it is probably related to the movement decision originating in the prefrontal cortex...

..The results suggested that the initial activity for sound retrieval imagery appeared around the inferior frontal and insular areas, dominantly in the right hemisphere...

..The inter-hemispheric difference suggests a dominance of the right hemisphere in visual shape processing...

..Our results indicate that speed and direction of stimulus motion are represented in the distinct properties of a response waveform, suggesting that the human brain processes speed and direction separately, at least in part...

..Neurosci. Lett., 258 (1998) 9-12.] subjects, prior to the MMNm, M60, was elicited by both rare and frequent sounds. Both MMNm and M60 sources were posteriorly located in the left than the right hemisphere...

..Detailed temporal and spatial analyses of the processing of face perception can be achieved with MEG...

..We recorded vocalization-related cortical fields (VRCF) under complete masking of a subject's own voice to identify the auditory component evoked by a subject's own voice in the VRCF complex...

..Both shifting attention to the wrong feedback and enhanced visual working memory to the sorting shifting condition of the card presentation occur in the same areas at different time points...

..A gating effect in area V1 was speculated, although extra-striate cortex might contribute...

..From these findings we suggest that tonotopy in the auditory cortex exists up to the upper limit of audible range within the small area, where the directly air-conducted ultrasounds are not reflected...

..5' to 60'. We obtained, for the first time, reliable mfVEFs, and found they could be elicited from more peripheral stimulus elements than could mfVEPs. The larger the checksize, the greater the eccentricity reached...

..We believe, however, that the differences in processing upright versus inverted faces are attributable to temporal processing differences rather than to processing of information by different brain regions...

..The effects of the proprioceptive activity of the proximal muscles on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were investigated, using vibratory stimulation of proximal muscle tendons...

..We investigated changes in the cortical silent period (CSP) following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation (TCMS) during a standard paradigm which was designed to evoke contingent negative variation (CNV) in ten normal subjects...

..The possibility that an activity of onset (with no conditioning stimulus) would be involved in the change-related activity was also discussed...

..5 s) but was detected at intervals up to 2 s. The results suggest lateral inhibition in the auditory cortex and point to a decay of inhibition lasting on the order of seconds...

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..However, to prove clinically useful each of them requires a dedicated knowledge, both technical and pathophysiological. In this article we give technical advice, report normative values, and discuss clinical applications...