Research Topics
Genomes and Genes | Marco VenturaSummaryAffiliation: University of Parma Country: Italy Publications
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Publications
Gene structure and transcriptional organization of the dnaK operon of Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003 and application of the operon in bifidobacterial tracingMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Appl Environ Microbiol 71:487-500. 2005..The use of these genes in bifidobacterial species as an alternative or complement to the 16S rRNA gene marker provides sequence signatures that allow a high level of discrimination between closely related species of this genus...
Microbial diversity in the human intestine and novel insights from metagenomicsMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
Front Biosci 14:3214-21. 2009..Recently, novel culture-independent approaches such as metagenomics-based techniques were shown to be crucially important for the exploration of the biodiversity of the human intestinal microbiota...
The Bifidobacterium dentium Bd1 genome sequence reflects its genetic adaptation to the human oral cavityMarco Ventura
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology, and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
PLoS Genet 5:e1000785. 2009..The data indicate that the genome of this opportunistic cariogen has evolved through a very limited number of horizontal gene acquisition events, highlighting the narrow boundaries that separate commensals from opportunistic pathogens...
The ClgR protein regulates transcription of the clpP operon in Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003Marco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Anthropology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
J Bacteriol 187:8411-26. 2005....
Prophage-like elements in bifidobacteria: insights from genomics, transcription, integration, distribution, and phylogenetic analysisMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Appl Environ Microbiol 71:8692-705. 2005..Interestingly, a gene predicted to encode an extracellular beta-glucosidase carried within the Bbr-1 prophage-like element was shown to be transcribed...
Genetic characterization of the Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003 hrcA locusMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Anthropology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 71:8998-9007. 2005..This induction pattern is unlike those of other characterized dnaJ genes and may be indicative of a unique stress adaptation strategy by this commensal microorganism...
Comparative genomics and transcriptional analysis of prophages identified in the genomes of Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus caseiMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 72:3130-46. 2006..Finally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern blot hybridization with specific prophage probes indicates that these prophage sequences are narrowly distributed within lactobacilli...
How high G+C Gram-positive bacteria and in particular bifidobacteria cope with heat stress: protein players and regulatorsMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:734-59. 2006..Temporal expression of heat-shock genes based on functional genomics in members of the Actinobacteridae group is also discussed, as well as the emerging molecular mechanisms controlling the heat-stress response...
Genomics as a means to understand bacterial phylogeny and ecological adaptation: the case of bifidobacteriaMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 91:351-72. 2007....
Analysis of bifidobacterial evolution using a multilocus approachMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2783-92. 2006..The results demonstrate that the concatenation of these seven gene sequences for phylogenetic purposes allows a significant increase in the discriminatory power between taxa...
Analyses of bifidobacterial prophage-like sequencesMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 98:39-50. 2010..Furthermore, single phage gene as well as multiple phage gene-based phylogenetic analyses clearly revealed the chimeric make-up of the genomes of bifidoprophages...
Genomics of Actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylumMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 71:495-548. 2007..This review provides an account of the recent explosion of actinobacterial genomics data and an attempt to place this in a biological and evolutionary context...
The impact of bacteriophages on probiotic bacteria and gut microbiota diversityMarco Ventura
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100, Parma, Italy
Genes Nutr 6:205-7. 2011..Here, we discussed the impact of bacteriophages on the composition of human intestinal microbiota as well as on the survival and thus efficacy of probiotic bacteria in the human gut...
Comparative analyses of prophage-like elements present in bifidobacterial genomesMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 75:6929-36. 2009....
Exploring the diversity of the bifidobacterial population in the human intestinal tractFrancesca Turroni
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 75:1534-45. 2009..Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity...
Exploiting Bifidobacterium genomes: the molecular basis of stress responseJuliano De Dea Lindner
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Int J Food Microbiol 120:13-24. 2007..Here, we describe the principal molecular chaperones involved in such stresses, as well as their use as phylogenetic markers for gaining insight into the evolutionary history of high G+C Gram positive bacteria...
Characterization of the serpin-encoding gene of Bifidobacterium breve 210BFrancesca Turroni
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 76:3206-19. 2010..breve 210B cultures with some proteases. Interestingly, transcription of other bifidobacterial ser homologs appears to be triggered by different proteases...
Genetic and transcriptional organization of the clpC locus in Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003Marco Ventura
Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6282-91. 2005..We show that a biologically active ClgR molecule requires one or more proteinaceous coactivators to assist in the specific binding of ClgR to the clpC promoter region...
Molecular characterization of hsp20, encoding a small heat shock protein of bifidobacterium breve UCC2003Marco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 73:4695-703. 2007..Analysis by slot blot, Northern blot, and primer extension experiments showed that transcription of hsp20 is strongly induced in response to severe heat shock regimens and by osmotic shock...
Global genome transcription profiling of Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 under in vitro conditions and identification of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCRFrancesca Turroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 77:8578-87. 2011..Our analyses validated six reference genes suitable for normalizing mRNA expression levels in qRT-PCR experiments applied to bifidobacteria...
The clpB gene of Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003: transcriptional analysis and first insights into stress inductionMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Microbiology 151:2861-72. 2005..Moreover the predicted 3D structure of HspR provides further insight into the binding mode of this protein to the clpB promoter region, and highlights the key amino acid residues believed to be involved in the protein-DNA interaction...
An interactive regulatory network controls stress response in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003Aldert Zomer
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
J Bacteriol 191:7039-49. 2009..This model of an interacting regulatory network is believed to represent the paradigm for stress adaptation in bifidobacteria...
From bacterial genome to functionality; case bifidobacteriaMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
Int J Food Microbiol 120:2-12. 2007....
Microbiomic analysis of the bifidobacterial population in the human distal gutFrancesca Turroni
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
ISME J 3:745-51. 2009..These analyses showed the presence of novel bifidobacterial phylotypes, which had not been found earlier and may thus represent novel taxa within the genus Bifidobacterium...
Comparative analyses of prophage-like elements present in two Lactococcus lactis strainsMarco Ventura
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Appl Environ Microbiol 73:7771-80. 2007..cremoris strains MG1363 and SK11, respectively. Phylogenetic investigation as well bioinformatic analyses indicates that all 11 prophages belong to subdivisions of the lactococcal P335 group of temperate bacteriophages...
Comparative genomics of the genus BifidobacteriumFrancesca Bottacini
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
Microbiology 156:3243-54. 2010..This comparative study of the genus Bifidobacterium thus presents a foundation for future functional analyses of this important group of GIT bacteria...
Genetic analysis and morphological identification of pilus-like structures in members of the genus BifidobacteriumElena Foroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
Microb Cell Fact 10:S16. 2011..Quantitative Real Time (qRT)-PCR analysis and RT-PCR experiments revealed a polycistronic mRNA, encompassing the fimA/P and fimB/Q genes, which are differentially expressed upon cultivation of bifidobacteria on various glycans...
Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLC1Francesca Bottacini
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
J Bacteriol 193:6387-8. 2011..lactis BLC1, which is expected to provide insights into the biology of this health-promoting microorganism and improve our understanding of its phylogenetic relatedness with other members of the B. animalis subsp. lactis taxon...
Ability of Bifidobacterium breve to grow on different types of milk: exploring the metabolism of milk through genome analysisFrancesca Turroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 77:7408-17. 2011..Moreover, evaluation of the growth capabilities and transcriptomic analyses of one representative isolate of this species, i.e., B. breve 4L, on different milk types were performed...
Genome analysis of Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 reveals metabolic pathways for host-derived glycan foragingFrancesca Turroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:19514-9. 2010..Conservation of the latter gene clusters in various B. bifidum strains supports the notion that host-derived glycan catabolism is an important colonization factor for B. bifidum with concomitant impact on intestinal microbiota ecology...
Human gut microbiota and bifidobacteria: from composition to functionalityFrancesca Turroni
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100 Parma, Italy
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94:35-50. 2008....
Characterization of the groEL and groES loci in Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003: genetic, transcriptional, and phylogenetic analysesMarco Ventura
Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Appl Environ Microbiol 70:6197-209. 2004....
Genomics and ecological overview of the genus BifidobacteriumFrancesca Turroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution University of Parma, Italy
Int J Food Microbiol 149:37-44. 2011..The aim of this review is to highlight the genetic and functional features of bifidobacteria residing in the human GIT using genomic and ecology-based information...
Genetic strategies for mucin metabolism in Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010: an example of possible human-microbe co-evolutionFrancesca Turroni
Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution University of Parma, Italy
Gut Microbes 2:183-9. 2011..bifidum genomes demonstrated the ubiquitous presence of these genetic regions in genomes of members of this bifidobacterial taxon, and suggest specific B. bifidum metabolic traits that underpin this case of host-microbe co-evolution...
Genome-scale analyses of health-promoting bacteria: probiogenomicsMarco Ventura
Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:61-71. 2009..In this Review, we discuss the application of probiogenomics in the elucidation of the molecular basis of probiosis using the well-recognized model probiotic bacteria genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as examples...
Functional genome analysis of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 reveals type IVb tight adherence (Tad) pili as an essential and conserved host-colonization factorMary O'Connell Motherway
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:11217-22. 2011..Conservation of the Tad pilus-encoding locus among other B. breve strains and among sequenced Bifidobacterium genomes supports the notion of a ubiquitous pili-mediated host colonization and persistence mechanism for bifidobacteria...
Progress in genomics, metabolism and biotechnology of bifidobacteriaMichelle Cronin
Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C Quick Jnr Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Int J Food Microbiol 149:4-18. 2011..In this review we present a summary of current knowledge on bifidobacterial metabolism, classification, physiology and genetics and outline the currently available methods for genetically accessing and manipulating the genus...
Insights into the taxonomy, genetics and physiology of bifidobacteriaMarco Ventura
Department of Microbiology, National University of Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 86:205-23. 2004..This review will deal mainly with the molecular tools described for bifidobacterial identification and the first insights into the underlying genetics involved in bifidobacterial physiology as well as genome variability...
Bifidobacteria: from ecology to genomicsFrancesca Turroni
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution University of Parma, Italy
Front Biosci 14:4673-84. 2009..Furthermore, bifidobacterial genomics has revealed various genetic adaptations of these bacteria to the gastrointestinal niche...
Insights into physiological and genetic mupirocin susceptibility in bifidobacteriaFausta Serafini
Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology, and Evolution, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
Appl Environ Microbiol 77:3141-6. 2011..These analyses revealed key amino acid residues of the IleS protein that apparently are crucial for conferring a mupirocin resistance phenotype to bifidobacteria...
Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level: reclassification of Bifidobacterium animalis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium lactLiesbeth Masco
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Ghent University, K L Ledeganckstraat 35, B 9000 Gent, Belgium
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:1137-43. 2004..e. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. (type strain R101-8T=LMG 10508T=ATCC 25527T=DSM 20104T=JCM 1190T) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov. (type strain UR1T=LMG 18314T=DSM 10140T=JCM 10602T)...
The role of prophage for genome diversification within a clonal lineage of Lactobacillus johnsonii: characterization of the defective prophage LJ771Emmanuel Denou
Nestle Research Center, Nestec Ltd, P O Box 44, CH 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
J Bacteriol 190:5806-13. 2008..The two L. johnsonii strains had identical in vitro growth and in vivo gut persistence phenotypes. Also, in an isogenic background, the presence of the prophage resulted in no growth disadvantage...
Comparative genomics of phages and prophages in lactic acid bacteriaFrank Desiere
Nestle Research Center, Nestec Ltd, Vers chez les Blanc, CH Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 82:73-91. 2002..These genes belong to the few prophage genes transcribed in the lysogen. Prophages from dairy bacteria might therefore also contribute to the evolutionary fitness of non-pathogenic LAB...
Transcription analysis of Streptococcus thermophilus phages in the lysogenic stateMarco Ventura
, Nestec Ltd. Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH Lausanne, 26, Switzerland
Virology 302:21-32. 2002..thermophilus that had lost most of the prophage DNA while transcribed prophage genes were spared from the deletion process...
Identification and characterization of novel surface proteins in Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus gasseriMarco Ventura
Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:6172-81. 2002..These results suggest that APF is a novel surface protein of the Lactobacillus acidophilus B-homology group which might belong to an S-layer-like family...
Specific identification and molecular typing analysis of Lactobacillus johnsonii by using PCR-based methods and pulsed-field gel electrophoresisMarco Ventura
, Route du Jorat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
FEMS Microbiol Lett 217:141-54. 2002..johnsonii strains from various environmental samples, for product monitoring, for species tracing in clinical studies as well as bacterial profiling of various microecological or gastrointestinal environments...
Contribution of aggregation-promoting factor to maintenance of cell shape in Lactobacillus gasseri 4B2Ivana Jankovic
Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
J Bacteriol 185:3288-96. 2003..This report shows, for the first time, that APF proteins are mainly critical for L. gasseri 4B2 cell shape maintenance...
Integration and distribution of Lactobacillus johnsonii prophagesMarco Ventura
, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Switzerland
J Bacteriol 185:4603-8. 2003..In a survey, the prophages were restricted to strains sharing an essentially identical restriction pattern. Microarray analysis showed that the prophage DNA represents about 50% of the NCC533 strain-specific DNA...
Analysis, characterization, and loci of the tuf genes in lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species and their direct application for species identificationMarco Ventura
Nestle Research Center, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6908-22. 2003..In contrast, bioinformatic and transcriptional analyses of the DNA region flanking the tuf gene in four Lactobacillus species indicated the same four-gene unit and suggested a novel tuf operon specific for the genus Lactobacillus...
The prophage sequences of Lactobacillus plantarum strain WCFS1Marco Ventura
Nestle Research Center, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Switzerland
Virology 316:245-55. 2003..Both prophages harbored tRNA genes. R-Lp3 and R-Lp4 represent short prophage remnants; R-Lp3 abuts Lp2 and displays sequence links to cos-site Siphoviridae...
Comparative sequence analysis of the tuf and recA genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region sequences supply additional tools for discriminating Bifidobacterium lactis from Bifidobacterium animalisMarco Ventura
Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 69:7517-22. 2003..Therefore, all strains of B. lactis and B. animalis could be unified as the species B. animalis and divided into two subspecies, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis...
The prophages of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533: comparative genomics and transcription analysisMarco Ventura
, Nestec Ltd, CH-1026 Lausanne, Switzerland
Virology 320:229-42. 2004..A short, but highly transcribed region was located between the phage lysin and right attachment site; it lacked a protein-encoding function in one prophage...
Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140: identification of the atp (atpBEFHAGDC) operon and analysis of its genetic structure, characteristics, and phylogenyMarco Ventura
Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 70:3110-21. 2004..lactis DSM 10140. The rapid increase in the level of atp operon transcripts upon exposure to low pH suggested that the ATPase complex of B. lactis DSM 10140 was regulated at the level of transcription and not at the enzyme assembly step...
Sequence and comparative genomic analysis of lactococcal bacteriophages jj50, 712 and P008: evolutionary insights into the 936 phage speciesJennifer Mahony
Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland
FEMS Microbiol Lett 261:253-61. 2006..These genetic differences may be responsible for the observed differential sensitivity to the lactococcal DNA injection blocking protein, Sie(2009), and the abortive infection system, AbiA...
Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363Udo Wegmann
Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
J Bacteriol 189:3256-70. 2007..The availability of the L. lactis MG1363 genome sequence will reinforce its status as the prototype among lactic acid bacteria through facilitation of further applied and fundamental research...
Transcription mapping as a tool in phage genomics: the case of the temperate Streptococcus thermophilus phage Sfi21Marco Ventura
, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne 26, CH-1000, Switzerland
Virology 296:62-76. 2002..The involvement of phage-encoded regulators for middle and late transcription was suggested by chloramphenicol-inhibition experiments...
Identification and tracing of Bifidobacterium species by use of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequencesMarco Ventura
, Route de Jourat 57, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4296-301. 2003..We demonstrated that ERIC-PCR is useful for a phylogenetic and taxonomical analysis but as well as for a species composition analysis of mixed bifidobacterial cultures isolated from dairy products and other environments...
Rapid identification, differentiation, and proposed new taxonomic classification of Bifidobacterium lactisMarco Ventura
, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:6429-34. 2002..lactis and B. animalis form two main groups and suggest a revision of the strains assigned to B. animalis. We propose that B. lactis should be separated from B. animalis at the subspecies level...
Temporal transcription map of the virulent Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophage Sfi19Marco Ventura
, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Appl Environ Microbiol 70:5041-6. 2004..Chloramphenicol treatment suppressed the translation of a putative transcriptional factor necessary for the production of late transcripts and shifted middle transcripts to early transcription times...
