V Solfrizzi

..Therefore, at present, no definitive dietary recommendations on fish and unsaturated fatty acids consumption, or lower intake of saturated fat, in relation to the risk for dementia and cognitive decline are possible...

..89, 95% CI 1.10-3.44), but not of disability. Frailty syndrome was a short-term predictor of disability in nondemented older subjects and short- and long-term predictor of all-cause mortality in nondemented and demented patients...

..The authors investigated the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components with incident dementia in a prospective population-based study with a 3.5-year follow-up...

..34-1.13, p=0.12). In our population, dietary fatty acids intakes were not associated with incident MCI in older age, only high PUFA intake evidenced a borderline nonsignificant trend for a protective effect against the development of MCI...

..To estimate prevalence, incidence, and rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia and correlated vascular risk factors with incident MCI and its progression to dementia...

..Appropriate dietary measures or supplementation with specific micro- and macronutrients might open new ways for the prevention and management of cognitive decline and dementia...

..In conclusion, in this prospective study on older nondemented subjects with a typical Mediterranean diet, a higher MUFA intake increased survival, while a higher UFA/SFA ratio increased total mortality, but only marginally...

..Finally competing risk, conditioning the timing and occurrence of vascular events in our study population, could be a correct approach for evaluating the role of Lp(a) lipoprotein in vascular disease among elderly people...

..5-year follow-up. In this prospective population-based study on older nondemented subjects with a typical Mediterranean diet, high MUFA and PUFA intakes appeared to be protective against ARCD...

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..To estimate the impact of alcohol consumption on the incidence of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia...

..We estimated the prevalence and incidence rates of depressive symptoms and the role of vascular risk factors and sociodemographic variables on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...

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..At present, vascular risk factor management, lifestyle changes, and drugs could be employed together to delay the onset of dementia syndromes...

..In our population, among MCI patients the presence of MetS independently predicted an increased risk of progression to dementia over 3.5 years of follow-up...

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..We evaluated the impact of depressive symptoms on the rate of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after a 3.5-year follow-up, and we assessed the interaction between depressive symptoms and vascular risk factors for incident MCI...

..Our findings suggested that the presence of the IL6 VNTR allele B could be detrimental for reaching extreme longevity...

..Furthermore, the C allele of the IL-6 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism was associated with a delayed onset and a decreased risk of AD...

..This study provides evidence that a PS-1 gene missense change does not necessarily associate with early-onset disease, and can occur in single cases affected by late-onset disease...

..With all these anti-Abeta approaches in clinical testing, we will know in few years if the Abeta hypothesis of AD is correct...

..Our data, at present, do not support a role of two gene polymorphisms of the short arm of the chromosome 11, the CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571, as a possible susceptibility factors for sporadic AD...

..Dietary anti-oxidants and supplements and specific macronutrients of the diet may act synergistically with other protective factors opening new possibilities of intervention for cognitive decline...

..This review will focus on the current knowledge on genetic and nongenetic vascular factors likely to be involved in LOAD, with special emphasis placed on the APOE and ACE1 genes...

..In our population, the +1073 C/T OLR1 polymorphism exhibited a significant association with Alzheimer's disease, further supporting the role of OLR1 as a candidate risk gene for sporadic Alzheimer's disease...

..The regional differences in CTSD allele frequencies could be related to the different patterns of association between this polymorphism and AD in various European studies...

..We suggest that salt-rich spring water treatment reduces serum and LDL-cholesterol levels in subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia through a mechanism of increased excretion of fecal bile acid sterols...

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..62 and 0.91, respectively. The SCT is a valid and reliable test to assess selective attention in elderly subjects, in whom dementing illness must be diagnosed and clinically distinct from age-related cognitive decline...

..To explore the possible role of serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein E polymorphism, and total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations in Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

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..In conclusion, in our population, among MCI patients who progressed to dementia, 60% progressed to AD and 33% to VaD. Vascular risk factors and CVD may influence the development of MCI and the rate of progression to dementia...

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..We suggest that regional European differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-6-174 G/C promoter polymorphism may explain in part controversial findings on this polymorphism in AD in various European studies...

..At present, there is no indication that light to moderate alcohol drinking would be harmful to cognition and dementia, and it is not possible to define a specific beneficial level of alcohol intake...

..40 to 1.25). In the elderly, elevated Lp(a) levels appear not to be an independent predictor of CAD, but this lipoprotein is a risk factor only in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and elevated LDL cholesterol...

..While further studies are needed to confirm the possible role of apolipoprotein E concentration as putative longevity factor this paper provides an overview of many of the investigated vascular factors with respect to longevity...

..The results of four ongoing large Phase III trials on bapineuzumab will provide answers regarding whether passive anti-A? immunization is able to alter the course of this devastating disease...

..This article briefly reviews the profile of ?-secretase inhibitors, compounds that inhibit ?-secretase, the pivotal enzyme that generates A?, and that have reached the clinic...

..All these therapeutic approaches increase the hope of slowing the rate of decline in patients with AD and modifying the natural history of this devastating disease within the next 5 years...

..With all these approaches on their way, the hope for disease-modifying therapy in this devastating disease may become a reality in the next 5 years...

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..g., 3-5 years of follow-up)...

..Global cognitive function and episodic memory at baseline were not associated with the course of depressive symptoms during the follow-up...

..In this scenario, at least in certain subsets of elderly patients, late-life depression, MCI, and dementia could represent a possible clinical continuum...

..5-year follow-up; and the interaction between depressive symptoms and vascular risk factors for conversion to dementia...

..We suggest that these regional variations in LRP1 genotype and allele frequencies in AD could be related to the different patterns of association between this polymorphism and the disease in various European studies...

..Thus, more studies with long-term follow-up and serial assessments of TC are needed to further clarify the causal relationship between cholesterol and dementia...

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..This review will focus on the possible role of vascular risk factors in modulating the risk of age-related cognitive decline, and the progression of predementia syndrome such as MCI to dementia...

..To clarify the sources of discrepant findings in the literature, this review summarizes existing epidemiological studies of the defined clinical predementia syndromes and their progression to dementia...

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..While further studies are needed to confirm the possible role of APOE concentration as putative longevity factor, this paper provides an overview of genetic vascular factors potentially involved in human longevity...

..Such genetic differences in conjunction with differing environmental factors may explain in part previous results suggesting a role of this polymorphism in longevity...

..In these highly selected populations, APOE genotype distribution strongly influences serum APOE concentration, not suggesting, at present, a possible role as a biochemical marker for AD, but only as a putative longevity factor...

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..In this article, we focused on the current knowledge of the genetics of familial late-onset and sporadic AD linked to the chromosome 12, and the future search for other candidate genes...

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..This paper reviews studies that have provided evidence of linkage for AD on chromosome 12 and in turn discusses the work conducted to date on candidate genes that have been identified and map to the chromosome 12 regions of interest...

..Our results strongly suggest that l-carnitine may have a role among lipid-lowering strategies...

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..We point out that well designed intervention studies are warranted in order to establish specific levels of micro- and macronutrient deficiencies and to set general recommendations for the population...

..No further differences among the three groups of subjects were found, also when they were compared with the community-dwelling sample. These findings suggest that SLC6A4 gene variation may have only a minor role, if any, in AD or QD...

..CONCLUSIONS: The CBI proved to be an effective multidimensional tool for evaluating the impact of burden on many aspects of caregivers' lives...

..This is the first systematic prospective study on the preclinical phase of AD in Italy...

..Regional genetic differences in conjunction with differing environmental factors may explain in part previous results suggesting a role of this polymorphism in longevity...

..Furthermore, recent findings suggest that in population-based studies the MCI classification is unstable, in contrast with clinic-based studies where progression is more uniform...

..However, it is still unclear if a relationship exists between the APOE epsilon4 allele and vascular dementia (VaD) in elderly subjects...

..Therefore, it should be considered the opportunity of a depression prophylaxis, particularly in those circumstances in which the risk of depression is noteworthy increased, such as stroke, cancer, institutionalization, etc...

..These findings suggest that RELN gene variants may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in females...

..636). Heterosis was also observed at the ACE locus. No relationship between apoE and ACE polymorphism was found. These findings suggest a role of sex in the association of apoE and ACE gene polymorphisms with healthy aging and longevity...

..Glutamate transmits signals via the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Aims: The potential involvement of polymorphisms in the GRIN2B gene, encoding subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor, in the risk for AD was evaluated...