Maurizio Paciaroni

..The purpose of this review was to describe neuroimaging modalities capable of identifying penumbra tissue so as to provide surrogate markers for new trials in acute ischemic stroke patients...

..The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and the predictive factors for ES as well the effects of ES on the clinical outcome at hospital discharge in patients with first-ever stroke...

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..In this chapter, we will review the visual system from basic anatomy to the description of more complex higher visual function...

..This experience may have been triggered by the effects of a migraine aura attack. This spiritual epiphany led him to dedicate the rest of his life to religious and philosophical interests...

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..This experience may have been based on the effects of a migraine aura attack. In fact, this spiritual experience led him to dedicate the rest of his life to religious and philosophical interests...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for cerebral ischemic events in warfarin-treated AF patients with an International Normalized Ratios (INR) above 1.8 on admission...

..We performed an updated meta-analysis of studies to obtain the best estimates of the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke...

..Patients undergoing spinal manipulative therapy need to consent to the possible risk of stroke or vascular injury from the procedure...

..This debate lacked a clear winner, but was fundamental because it questioned the relevance of anatomical findings in understanding higher brain function...

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..Another randomized clinical trial is needed to test trafermin in stroke patients but to enhance functional recovery...

..The aims of this study were to assess: (1) the rate of early HT in patients admitted for ischemic stroke, (2) the correlation between early HT and functional outcome at 3 months, and (3) the risk factors for early HT...

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..The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in these patients...

..The aim of this study was to assess whether the admission blood glucose level is related to HT in a prospective study in consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke...

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..The aim of this study was to assess the influence of antiplatelet treatment on clinical outcome at hospital discharge...

..The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) alternative causes of lacunar stroke other than small-vessel disease; 2) functional outcome of lacunar strokes due to small vessel disease compared to lacunar strokes due to alternative causes...

..In addition, both genders demonstrated different stroke pathophysiologies. These findings should be taken into account when diagnostic workup and treatment are being planned...

..The best predictors for dependency after 3 months were age and stroke severity. The only variable identified as the best predictor for recurrence was the presence of diabetes mellitus...

..We aimed to study the prognosis of dysphagia (assessed clinically) over the first 3 months after acute stroke and to determine whether specific neurovascular-anatomical sites were associated with swallowing dysfunction...

..The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the predictive factors of adverse outcome in patients with stroke associated with an occlusion of the ICA and (2) to evaluate the rate of spontaneous recanalization of an occluded ICA...

..However, not all eligible patients benefit from this treatment. This study aimed to assess the determinants for clinical outcome in consecutive, eligible patients with ischemic stroke treated with thrombolysis in a single-center study...

..The recanalization rate of CAD can be up to 85% within 3 months. This study evaluates the variables that might affect recanalization and the role of recanalization as a predictor for neurological outcome...

..to evaluate when a symptomatic ICA occlusion shown by ultrasound could actually be a patent artery and therefore benefit from CE...

..In acute stroke patients, AMI and AHF are common and associated with increased mortality at 3 months. Whether a timely and more careful management of these complications may improve clinical outcome should be further explored...

..3%; cigarette smoking in 21.6%. Different potentially modifiable risk factors profiles were identified for each ischemic subtype of stroke, while in hemorrhagic lobar stroke subtypes, only male gender was an independent risk factor...

..Thus, future randomized controlled trials need to be sex-balanced, in order to better understand the efficacy of appropriate secondary stroke prevention therapy in women...

..Patients with distant metastases have an increased risk for thrombosis in absence of antithrombotic prophylaxis...

..A common clinical dilemma in patients with acute stroke is whether the detection of one of the major cardiac sources of emboli requires an early anticoagulation to reduce early stroke recurrence and mortality...

..Non-neurological complications are associated with increased long-term disability and death...

..Magnetic resonance angiography shows the same findings as catheter angiography, and allows in combination with MRI to determine the extent of CAD...

..87, 95% CI = 0.75-1.01, p = 0.07) and a significant difference in the occurrence of major vascular events (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.68-0.88, p = 0.0001) at final follow-up...

..We performed an updated meta-analysis of all randomized trials to obtain the best estimates of the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the initial treatment of acute cardioembolic stroke...

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..Because CE cannot prevent stroke of cardioembolic origin and is less likely to prevent stroke of lacunar origin, it is doubtful that CE can be justified for most patients with asymptomatic arteries...

..Admission hyperglycemia increases the risk of death in patients with acute stroke. However, the most appropriate cut-off of glucose level indicating an increased risk of short-term mortality remains unknown...

..5%. Overall hospital mortality was 10%. In cerebral hemorrhage mortality was 18% (44/240) vs. 6.3% (32/534) in ischemic stroke (p < 0.05). The distribution of stroke types and mortality was similar to other previous reports...

..It is still under debate whether carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy have the same influence on neuropsychological functions...

..The objective of this review is to discuss effective interventions for optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention...

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..Even with a severe initial presentation, partial or complete recovery is possible, underlying the importance of early recognition. Antithrombotic treatment must be administered at diagnosis as soon as possible...

..Most studies to date that have examined vascular CN pathologies have evidenced good outcomes...

..Cerebellar BZ infarction is associated with non-specific vertigo syndrome or ataxia, while in brainstem BZ infarction patients are comatose with other signs of brainstem being compromised...

..Glicoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy could merit a prominent role also in the initial management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Abciximab may be promising in this setting and should be evaluated in further clinical trials...