Giorgio Cruccu

Summary

Affiliation: University of Rome La Sapienza
Country: Italy

Publications

  1. ncbi Treating pain in multiple sclerosis
    Andrea Truini
    University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Expert Opin Pharmacother 12:2355-68. 2011
  2. ncbi EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain
    G Cruccu
    EFNS Panel on Neuropathic Pain, Vienna, Austria
    Eur J Neurol 14:952-70. 2007
  3. ncbi Diagram of reliability and net gain: a new method for summarizing and displaying the results of controlled trials
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Science, La Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
    Pain Pract 7:230-3. 2007
  4. ncbi Inhibition of cortical responses to Adelta inputs by a preceding C-related response: testing the "first come, first served" hypothesis of cortical laser evoked potentials
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Pain 131:341-7. 2007
  5. ncbi Sumatriptan fast-disintegrating/rapid-release tablets in the acute treatment of migraine
    Piero Barbanti
    Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological, Motor and Sensorial Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
    Expert Rev Neurother 7:927-34. 2007
  6. ncbi Palmitoylethanolamide restores myelinated-fibre function in patients with chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy
    A Truini
    Dip Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Roma, Italy
    CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 10:916-20. 2011
  7. ncbi Iatrogenic damage to the mandibular nerves as assessed by the masseter inhibitory reflex
    A Biasiotta
    Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    J Headache Pain 12:485-8. 2011
  8. ncbi Unmyelinated trigeminal pathways as assessed by laser stimuli in humans
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, Università La Sapeinza, Roma, Italy
    Brain 126:2246-56. 2003
  9. ncbi Trigeminal neuralgia and pain related to multiple sclerosis
    G Cruccu
    Centro Dolore Neuropatico, Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
    Pain 143:186-91. 2009
  10. ncbi Treatment of painful neuropathy
    Giorgio Cruccu
    EFNS Panel Neuropathic Pain, Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Curr Opin Neurol 20:531-5. 2007

Detail Information

Publications67

  1. ncbi Treating pain in multiple sclerosis
    Andrea Truini
    University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Expert Opin Pharmacother 12:2355-68. 2011
    ..Hence, current treatment should be based on the general principles for treating peripheral neuropathic pain, taking into account drug-induced adverse effects...
  2. ncbi EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain
    G Cruccu
    EFNS Panel on Neuropathic Pain, Vienna, Austria
    Eur J Neurol 14:952-70. 2007
    ..These chronically implanted techniques provide satisfactory pain relief in many patients, including those resistant to medication or other means...
  3. ncbi Diagram of reliability and net gain: a new method for summarizing and displaying the results of controlled trials
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Science, La Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
    Pain Pract 7:230-3. 2007
    ....
  4. ncbi Inhibition of cortical responses to Adelta inputs by a preceding C-related response: testing the "first come, first served" hypothesis of cortical laser evoked potentials
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Pain 131:341-7. 2007
    ..Such dedicated networks aimed at detecting energy changes may be related to orienting reactions, and can be dissociated from subjective perception...
  5. ncbi Sumatriptan fast-disintegrating/rapid-release tablets in the acute treatment of migraine
    Piero Barbanti
    Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological, Motor and Sensorial Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
    Expert Rev Neurother 7:927-34. 2007
    ..The drug is well tolerated. In an oral formulation, which is the patients' preferred dosing route, sumatriptan FDT/RRT may therefore constitute an advance in the management of acute migraine attacks...
  6. ncbi Palmitoylethanolamide restores myelinated-fibre function in patients with chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy
    A Truini
    Dip Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Roma, Italy
    CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 10:916-20. 2011
    ..In a severe condition such as painful neuropathy associated with multiple myeloma and chemotherapy, a safe substance such as PEA provides significant restoration of nerve function...
  7. ncbi Iatrogenic damage to the mandibular nerves as assessed by the masseter inhibitory reflex
    A Biasiotta
    Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    J Headache Pain 12:485-8. 2011
    ..We propose that MIR testing, when used for legal purposes, be considered reliable in one direction only, i.e. abnormality does prove nerve damage, normality does not disprove it...
  8. ncbi Unmyelinated trigeminal pathways as assessed by laser stimuli in humans
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, Università La Sapeinza, Roma, Italy
    Brain 126:2246-56. 2003
    ..The opercular-insular region and the cingulate gyrus are involved in the processing of C-fibre trigeminal inputs. The method we describe may prove useful in patients with lesions affecting the trigeminal thermal pain pathways...
  9. ncbi Trigeminal neuralgia and pain related to multiple sclerosis
    G Cruccu
    Centro Dolore Neuropatico, Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
    Pain 143:186-91. 2009
    ..The other sensory disturbances, including ongoing pain and dysaesthesia, may arise from damage to the second-order neurons in the spinal trigeminal complex...
  10. ncbi Treatment of painful neuropathy
    Giorgio Cruccu
    EFNS Panel Neuropathic Pain, Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Curr Opin Neurol 20:531-5. 2007
    ..With the aging of the population, treatment of painful neuropathies is becoming more and more important for neurological practice. This short review highlights recent findings and current problems...
  11. ncbi Clinical utility of pain--laser evoked potentials
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 57:101-10. 2004
  12. ncbi EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment
    G Cruccu
    EFNS Panel on Neuropathic Pain Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Eur J Neurol 11:153-62. 2004
    ..A laboratory measure of pain that by-passes the subjective report, and thus cognitive influences, is a hopeful aim for the future...
  13. ncbi Diagnostic accuracy of trigeminal reflex testing in trigeminal neuralgia
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Neurology 66:139-41. 2006
    ..In contrast, electrophysiologic testing of trigeminal reflexes accurately distinguished symptomatic from classic TN (sensitivity 96%, specificity 93%)...
  14. ncbi AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Eur J Neurol 15:1013-28. 2008
    ..The role of surgery versus pharmacotherapy in the management of TN in patients with multiple sclerosis remains uncertain...
  15. ncbi Recommendations for the clinical use of somatosensory-evoked potentials
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 119:1705-19. 2008
    ..However, to prove clinically useful each of them requires a dedicated knowledge, both technical and pathophysiological. In this article we give technical advice, report normative values, and discuss clinical applications...
  16. ncbi EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment: revised 2009
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Eur J Neurol 17:1010-8. 2010
    ....
  17. ncbi The clinical use of brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes
    G Cruccu
    Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Viale Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 111:371-87. 2000
    ....
  18. ncbi Diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia: a new appraisal based on clinical and neurophysiological findings
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 58:171-86. 2006
  19. ncbi Small-fiber dysfunction in trigeminal neuralgia: carbamazepine effect on laser-evoked potentials
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
    Neurology 56:1722-6. 2001
    ..Reflex and evoked potential studies have already provided information on large-afferent (non-nociceptive) function. Using laser-evoked potentials (LEP), the authors sought information on small-afferent (nociceptive) function...
  20. ncbi Brainstem reflex circuits revisited
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Brain 128:386-94. 2005
    ..The jaw jerk, perhaps the brainstem reflex most widely used in clinical neurophysiology, had no apparent topodiagnostic value, probably because it depends strongly on peripheral variables, including dental occlusion...
  21. ncbi Neuropathic pain and its assessment
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Surg Oncol 19:149-54. 2010
    ....
  22. ncbi Evidence of a specific spinal pathway for the sense of warmth in humans
    G D Iannetti
    Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    J Neurophysiol 89:562-70. 2003
    ..Our results support the existence of slow-conducting second-order neurons specific for the sense of warmth...
  23. ncbi Excitability of the Adelta nociceptive pathways as assessed by the recovery cycle of laser evoked potentials in humans
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, , 00185, Rome, Italy
    Exp Brain Res 155:120-3. 2004
    ....
  24. ncbi Excitability of the human trigeminal motoneuronal pool and interactions with other brainstem reflex pathways
    G Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome 'La Sapienza, Italy
    J Physiol 531:559-71. 2001
    ....
  25. ncbi Is the cutaneous silent period an opiate-sensitive nociceptive reflex?
    Maurizio Inghilleri
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Viale dell Universita 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Muscle Nerve 25:695-9. 2002
    ....
  26. ncbi Laser-evoked potentials as a tool for assessing the efficacy of antinociceptive drugs
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
    Eur J Pain 14:222-5. 2010
    ..The opioid antagonist naloxone partially reversed the tramadol-induced LEP amplitude decrease. We conclude that LEPs may be reliably used in clinical practice and research for assessing the efficacy of antinociceptive drugs...
  27. ncbi Cutaneous silent period in hand muscle is evoked by laser stimulation of the palm, but not the hand dorsum
    A Romaniello
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    Muscle Nerve 29:870-2. 2004
    ....
  28. ncbi Laser-evoked potentials in post-herpetic neuralgia
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, , 00185, Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 114:702-9. 2003
    ..Although PHN severely impairs small myelinated fibres, the lack of a significant correlation between LEP abnormalities and pain suggests that pain in PHN does not chiefly arise from a dysfunction of small-myelinated afferents...
  29. ncbi Neurophysiological assessment of craniofacial pain
    Francesca Galeotti
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, , I-00185, Rome, Italy
    J Headache Pain 7:61-9. 2006
    ..This review briefly describes the physiology of trigeminal reflexes and LEPs, reports normal values and highlights the neurophysiological abnormalities in the main clinical conditions...
  30. ncbi Sympathetic skin response evoked by laser skin stimulation
    Paolo Rossi
    Department of Clinical Neurology and Otorhinolaryngology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Funct Neurol 17:129-32. 2002
    ..Our findings show that SSRs can easily be induced by laser stimuli and that this method shares the technical limitations of conventional eSSRs...
  31. ncbi Is Ross syndrome a dysautonomic disorder only? An electrophysiologic and histologic study
    A Perretti
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 114:7-16. 2003
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Ross syndrome is a degenerative disorder involving progressive sudomotor fibers, and then epidermal sensory unmyelinated and myelinated fibers...
  32. ncbi Trigeminal responses to laser stimuli
    A Romaniello
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    Neurophysiol Clin 33:315-24. 2003
    ....
  33. ncbi Laser evoked potentials for assessing sensory neuropathy in human patients
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University 'La Sapienza, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    Neurosci Lett 361:25-8. 2004
    ..LEPs often disclosed subclinical dysfunction of Adelta fibres and proved a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool for assessing small-fibre function in sensory neuropathy...
  34. ncbi Laser evoked potentials and carbamazepine in epileptic patients
    F Galeotti
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Neurophysiol Clin 35:93-6. 2005
    ..The CBZ-induced effect in patients with trigeminal neuralgia is possibly related to pathophysiological changes specific to this disease...
  35. ncbi Shortened cortical silent period in facial muscles of patients with migraine
    Antonio Curra
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    Pain 132:124-31. 2007
    ....
  36. ncbi New insight into trigeminal neuralgia
    Andrea Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Viale dell Universita 30, I 00185, Rome, Italy
    J Headache Pain 6:237-9. 2005
    ..We propose a short review on trigeminal neuralgia reporting its main clinical aspects, unsolved problems and highlighting differential diagnosis between classical and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia...
  37. ncbi Differential involvement of A-delta and A-beta fibres in neuropathic pain related to carpal tunnel syndrome
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Pain 145:105-9. 2009
    ..Our findings suggest that whereas paroxysmal pain and abnormal sensations reflect demyelination of non-nociceptive Abeta-fibres, spontaneous constant pain arises from damage to nociceptive Adelta-fibres...
  38. ncbi Mechanisms of pain in distal symmetric polyneuropathy: a combined clinical and neurophysiological study
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Pain 150:516-21. 2010
    ..Because clinical and neurophysiological abnormalities followed similar patterns regardless of aetiology, pain should be classified and treated on mechanism-based grounds...
  39. ncbi Laser evoked potentials in patients with trigeminal disease: the absence of Adelta potentials does not unmask C-fibre potentials
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Viale Universita, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 119:1905-8. 2008
    ..In this study, we aimed at verifying whether in the trigeminal territory the impairment of Adelta-fibres unmasks the C-LEP...
  40. ncbi Dissociation between cutaneous silent period and laser evoked potentials in assessing neuropathic pain
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, Rome, Italy
    Muscle Nerve 39:369-73. 2009
    ..005) but not with CSP duration (P > 0.5). Our findings indicate that the CSP is not useful for assessing nociceptive pathway function in patients with neuropathic pain...
  41. ncbi Pathophysiology of pain in postherpetic neuralgia: a clinical and neurophysiological study
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Pain 140:405-10. 2008
    ..These findings might be useful for a better understanding of pain mechanisms in postherpetic neuralgia...
  42. ncbi Trigeminal small-fibre function assessed with contact heat evoked potentials in humans
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Viale Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Pain 132:102-7. 2007
    ..Contact heat stimulation, as well as laser stimulation, easily yields large-amplitude brain potentials and nociceptive reflexes, both related to the Adelta input. However CHEPs are not suitable for C-fibres potentials recording...
  43. ncbi Trigeminal sensory pathway function in patients with SUNCT
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 117:1821-5. 2006
    ..To seek information on its pathophysiology, we studied the trigeminal Abeta and Adelta pathways by recording trigeminal reflexes and laser evoked potentials (LEPs) in patients with SUNCT...
  44. ncbi Experimental skin pain and muscle pain induce distinct changes in human trigeminal motoneuronal excitability
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Exp Brain Res 174:622-9. 2006
    ..Due to the differences between the two experimental models, we cannot conclude that such inhibitory reflex pathway does not exist from muscle nociceptors to trigeminal motoneurones...
  45. ncbi Reduced habituation to experimental pain in migraine patients: a CO(2) laser evoked potential study
    M Valeriani
    Department of Neurology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L go A Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
    Pain 105:57-64. 2003
    ..But patients with migraine had a reduced habituation, which probably reflects an abnormal excitability of the cortical areas involved in pain processing...
  46. ncbi Laser-evoked potentials: normative values
    A Truini
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, , 00185 Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 116:821-6. 2005
    ..SIGNIFICANCE: Our data may help to improve the clinical reliability of LEPs as a diagnostic tool...
  47. ncbi Headache in cranial and cervical dystonia
    P Barbanti
    Department of Neurosciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    Neurology 64:1308-9. 2005
  48. ncbi Diazepam effects on the cerebral responses to tonic pain: a SPET study
    V Di Piero
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Viale dell Universita 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 158:252-8. 2001
    ..Pain is a complex phenomenon with a strong affective-emotional component in addition to a sensory-discriminative one. This causes the activation of multiple brain areas, which process different aspects of pain simultaneously...
  49. ncbi Jaw-opening reflex after CO2 laser stimulation of the perioral region in man
    G Cruccu
    Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Viale Università 30, Rome, Italy
    Exp Brain Res 118:564-8. 1998
    ..We also propose that a common centre processes the various inputs for jaw opening...
  50. ncbi Nociceptive quality of the laser-evoked blink reflex in humans
    A Romaniello
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, , I-00185 Rome, Italy
    J Neurophysiol 87:1386-94. 2002
    ..The LBR may prove useful for studying the pathophysiology of orofacial pain syndromes...
  51. ncbi Bladder filling inhibits somatic spinal motoneurones
    M Inghilleri
    Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, , 00185, Rome, Italy
    Clin Neurophysiol 112:2255-60. 2001
    ..This vesical-induced inhibition is probably mediated by the propriospinal system rather than by the diffuse noxious inhibitory control circuit...
  52. ncbi Excitability of the central masticatory pathways in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders
    G Cruccu
    Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
    Pain 73:447-54. 1997
    ....
  53. ncbi Validation of the Italian version of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory in peripheral nervous system diseases
    Luca Padua
    Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, UCSC University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
    Neurol Sci 30:99-106. 2009
    ..The I-NPSI scores represent reliable measurements to assess neuropathic symptoms and effectiveness of treatment on them...
  54. ncbi Representation of different trigeminal divisions within the primary and secondary human somatosensory cortex
    G D Iannetti
    Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, , Roma, Italy
    Neuroimage 19:906-12. 2003
    ..These results to some extent contrast with electrophysiological data in monkeys and disclose distinct cortical representations within facial territories in humans...
  55. ncbi Tools for assessing neuropathic pain
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
    PLoS Med 6:e1000045. 2009
    b>Giorgio Cruccu and Andrea Truini discuss a new pain assessment tool published in PLoS Medicine called Standardized Evaluation of Pain and they review other tools to assess neuropathic pain.
  56. ncbi Pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain
    A Truini
    EFNS Panel on Neuropathic Pain and Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, , I-00185, Rome, Italy
    Neurol Sci 27:S179-82. 2006
    ..This short review summarises the current understanding of pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and focuses on how symptoms translate in mechanisms...
  57. ncbi Usefulness of dorsal laser evoked potentials in patients with spinal cord damage: report of two cases
    G D Iannetti
    Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, , 00185 Roma, Italy
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:792-4. 2001
    ..Dorsal LEP recordings may prove a useful tool in localising lesions and in the neurophysiological assessment of focal spinal cord lesions involving the anterolateral quadrants of the spinal cord...
  58. ncbi Medullary infarcts may cause ipsilateral masseter reflex abnormalities
    Frank Thömke
    Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, D 55101, Mainz, Germany
    Muscle Nerve 36:477-81. 2007
    ..MassR abnormalities with medullary lesions restrict the topodiagnostic value of the MassR...
  59. ncbi Painful sensory neuropathy
    Andrea Truini
    N Engl J Med 349:306-7; author reply 306-7. 2003
  60. ncbi Modulation of trigeminal laser evoked potentials and laser silent periods by homotopical experimental pain
    Antonietta Romaniello
    Orofacial Pain Laboratory, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, D-3, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
    Pain 98:217-28. 2002
    ..These effects could be mediated through the activation of segmental and suprasegmental inhibitory systems that may function interdependently...
  61. ncbi The lower limb flexion reflex in humans
    Giorgio Sandrini
    University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache, IRCCS C Mondino Institute of Neurology Foundation, University of Pavia, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Prog Neurobiol 77:353-95. 2005
    ....
  62. ncbi Laser talks in florence
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Neurophysiol Clin 33:255-8. 2003
  63. ncbi Somatotopic organization of the corticospinal tract in the human brainstem: a MRI-based mapping analysis
    Juergen J Marx
    Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
    Ann Neurol 57:824-31. 2005
    ....
  64. ncbi Trends in European CN
    Giorgio Cruccu
    Clin Neurophysiol 116:2507-9. 2005
  65. ncbi 3D brainstem topodiagnosis--a voxel-based model analyzing MR imaging data
    Juergen J Marx
    Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
    Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 58:26-37. 2006
  66. ncbi Topodiagnostic implications of hemiataxia: an MRI-based brainstem mapping analysis
    Juergen J Marx
    Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr 1, Mainz, Germany
    Neuroimage 39:1625-32. 2008
    ..3) Finally, bilateral ataxia probably reflects a lesion of cerebellar outflow on a central, rostral pontomesencephalic level...