G Targher

..To compare carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) - an index of early atherosclerosis - among patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) and control subjects...

..This relationship is independent of classical risk factors and is only partly explained by occurrence of metabolic syndrome...

..To assess associations between the activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)...

..In conclusion, these results suggest that among diet-controlled Type 2 diabetic individuals the significant increase of carotid IMT in the presence of NAFLD is largely explained by HOMA-estimated insulin resistance...

..To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Type 2 diabetic patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to assess whether NAFLD is independently related to prevalent CVD...

..Overall, the current body of evidence strongly suggests that NAFLD is likely to be associated with increased CVD risk, and raises the possibility that NAFLD may be not only a marker but also an early mediator of atherosclerosis...

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..To explore associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D] concentrations and liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)...

..To estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among type 2 diabetic adults and to assess the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and intimal medial thickening (IMT) of the common carotid artery, a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis...

..Moreover, these novel findings suggest a more complex picture and raise the possibility that NAFLD, as a component of the MetS, might not only be a marker but also an early mediator of CVD...

..To determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetic population and to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors between people with and without NAFLD...

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..To explore associations between plasma adiponectin concentrations and liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)...

..To examine the association of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (HS) with the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in Type 2 diabetic individuals...

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..These findings support the possibility that adipose tissue releases one or more factors that may adversely affect endothelial function on one hand and insulin sensitivity on the other...

..We investigated the association of diabetic retinopathy with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a large cohort of Type 2 diabetic adults...

..We determined whether non-alcoholic fatty liver is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Type?1 diabetes...

..These results indicate that hypertension markedly aggravates insulin resistance featuring type 2 diabetes mellitus. The molecular defects underlying this phenomenon involve primarily GS...

..Information on this issue is lacking for type 1 diabetes. We evaluated whether NAFLD is associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy and CKD in type 1 diabetic patients...

..To assess the association between circulating levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity concentrations in Type 1 diabetic subjects...

..To evaluate whether homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes...

..To evaluate the cardiovascular risk associated with the presence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 diabetic subjects...

..In conclusion, our results suggest that NASH can predict a more atherogenic risk profile in a manner that is partly independent from the contribution of visceral adiposity in adult men...

..The clinical impact of NAFLD on CVD risk deserves particular attention in view of the implications for screening and surveillance strategies in the growing number of patients with NAFLD...

..We assessed the associations between NAFLD and both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and retinopathy in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals using a cross-sectional design...

..To examine the association between nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (HS) and the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as evaluated by a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, in obese subjects...

..These findings suggest that obesity itself may not be a sufficient risk factor for atherogenic dyslipidemia or poor glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in Type 2 diabetic patients without clinically manifest CVD, TWA positivity is common (approximately 20%) and is closely correlated with glycaemic control...

..It is unclear whether they are independent risk factors or simply markers, reflecting association with other traditional risk factors...

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..It remains to be determined whether these treatments are able to modify the natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the long term...

..The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between NAFLD and echocardiographically detected LVH in Type 2 diabetes...

..At this time, the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia for the primary prevention of CVD is not recommended...

..e., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a very frequent pathological condition in subjects with abdominal obesity) in the pathogenesis of the obesity-induced disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis...

..A strong independent association has been recently observed between elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and increased incidence of cardiovascular events...

..Moreover, IMA might be reliably applied to stratify the long-term risk of these patients, but not for diagnosing an ACS during or immediately post-HD...

..e., cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) and non-vascular outcomes (i.e., incident type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cancer), independent of alcohol consumption and other prognostic factors...

..On the research side, studies should focus on interventions aimed at restoring energy homoeostasis in lipotoxic tissues and at improving hepatic (micro)vascular blood supply...

..Although type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of these events, there is a dearth of available data on microvolt TWA measurements in type 2 diabetic populations...

..We assessed the predictive role of serum uric acid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals...

..However, the mechanism(s) underlying this association remains unclear. Since impaired kidney function is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we assessed whether RDW is associated with decreased kidney function...

..We assessed whether there is an association between RDW at admission and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevation in patients with chest pain...

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..However, since dark chocolate has substantially higher levels of flavonoids than milk chocolate, and milk proteins may inhibit absorption of flavonoids, it might be preferable to consume dark chocolate than the white (milk) variety...

..Results of studies on Lp(a) in patients with impaired renal function are contradictory, and no information is available on the association between Lp(a) and estimated glomerular filtration rate and cystatin C...

..Should these findings be confirmed, consideration should be given to prevent thrombotic complications in patients with hyperthyroidism...

..The results of the literature on the effect of iron deficiency and overload on vascular health are critically reviewed in this study from a pathogenic and clinical point of view...

..To evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and homocysteine in plasma...

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..Despite remarkable progress, the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is still challenging...

..The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and subclinical primary hypothyroidism in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring chronic dialysis is not well defined...

..In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and arterial and venous thrombosis from a pathogenic and clinical point of view...

..Regardless of the available recommendations to perform glycated haemoglobin testing at a 2- to 3-month frequency, there is increasing evidence of an inappropriate laboratory use of this test in clinical practice...

..We assessed the relationship between serum liver enzyme activity and thyroid function tests in a cohort of adult individuals...

..The aim of this article is to review uric acid metabolism and physiology, highlighting its association with cardiovascular disease...

..We have therefore assessed the effects of a twice-weekly moderate, aerobic exercise programme, without a concomitant weight loss diet, on plasma inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in older type 2 diabetic patients...

..Particularly, biochemical risk factors and markers play a crucial role in all steps of atherosclerosis process, and entail a great relevance in risk stratification and early prevention...

..Besides age and blood group, the variability introduced by the presence of an acute phase response might contribute to decrease the clinical usefulness of this measurement...

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..1 to 2.2; P < 0.01). In conclusion, our findings suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an increased incidence of CKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes, independent of numerous baseline confounding factors...

..However, the prevalence of subclinical primary hypothyroidism in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring chronic dialysis is not well defined...

..The mutations do not affect the insulin-receptor binding affinity and insulin-stimulated auto-phosphorylation of the receptor...

..However, little information is available on the interaction between GGT activity and traditional or emerging markers of cardiovascular risk...

..This latter issue will be critically addressed in this review article. In addition, the published literature evaluating plasma ADAMTS-13 levels in other pathologic conditions different from TMA will also be discussed...