S Pichini

..Two newborns from Asian mothers who declared areca nut consumption presented arecoline in meconium with concentrations in the range 0.006-0.008 micro g/g; also the urine from one neonate tested positive for the drug...

..The neonatal withdrawal syndrome is characterized by irritability, tremors, and sleep disturbances, most typically observed in newborns of heavy smoking mothers...

..divinorum in human biological fluids as a biomarker of plant consumption. Salvinorin A was detected in urine (2.4 and 10.9 ng/mL) and saliva (11.1 and 25.0 ng/mL), but not in sweat patches from consumers...

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..A positivity of range of concentrations varied between 0.007 and 0.338 microg/g, confirming the importance of these two hydroxylated derivatives to monitor fetal exposure to cocaine...

..The method was validated in the range 0.005-1.00 microg/g using 1 g of meconium per assay and applied to analysis of meconium in newborns to assess fetal exposure to opiates and cocaine...

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..Deficient or excess expression of these key mediators may predispose the host to aberrant defence mechanisms...

..This fact could be either attributed to sebum or sweat shunt with the most proximal hair segment or drug degradation by cosmetic treatments in more distal segments...

..Of the four newborns exposed to arecoline, one showed a low birth weight, low intrauterine growth, hyporeflexia and hypotonia...

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..Moreover, MPH measurement in sweat patches can be used for noninvasive monitoring of MPH consumption and misuse in situations where detection of recent abuse is of interest...

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..The method was applied to analysis of various dietary supplements containing Ma-huang (Ephedra Sinica) and Sida Cordifolia plant extracts promoted for aiding weight control and boosting sports performance and energy...

..Furthermore, there is no indication of additive or synergistic toxic effects of AZT, morphine and methadone on the immune functions above that seen with each of these drugs when tested alone...

..Among the minor nonoxidative products of ethanol metabolism, there are ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)...

..The Helpline is centrally operated through the Istituto Superiore di Sanità and it has served over 17.000 tobacco users and others...

..Several examples will be provided where the use of alternative matrices, such as saliva, is proposed to minimize inconvenience and patient discomfort...

..6 and 86.7% for the different analytes. The validated method was applied to analysis of meconium in newborns of two European cities. The two cohorts presented with different prevalence of gestational ethanol consumption during pregnancy...

..6 to 81.7 ng/g and cocaethylene present in only one sample at 10 ng/g value. Teeth can be a promising non-invasive biological matrix in biomedical analysis for both clinical and forensic purposes...

..This study shows the importance of maintaining a national coordination among different SCS supporting their activity and encouraging the start up of additional services throughout the country...

..The variations observed in different biomarkers should be taken in consideration in the hypothesis of setting reference concentration ranges for doping detection...

..4 and 95.6% for the different analytes. Higher analytes concentrations in hydrolyzed samples showed the presence of conjugated compounds in urine...

..Conversely, herbal powders, tablets and capsules mainly contained mg amounts of caffeine per gram of product with the other two methylxanthines in the range of ten to hundred microg/g...

..Products possibly originating from drug-type cannabis plants were found in the majority of analyzed specimens...

..Cocaine N-oxidative metabolism may be an indirect contributor, via oxidative stress...

..Participants Polydrug consumers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cannabis (n = 37) compared to cannabis users only (n = 23) and control group (n = 34)...

..9-90.3% for MPH and 36.3-92.4% for RA in the different biological matrices. This method was applied to therapeutic monitoring of MHP and RA in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices from individuals in drug treatment...

..These permanent alterations in immunologic homeostasis may result in impairment of general health and subsequent increased susceptibility to infection and immune-related disorders...

..This LC/MS/MS assay provides adequate sensitivity and performance characteristics for the simultaneous quantification of biomarkers of three of the drugs most commonly used worldwide (tobacco, caffeine and areca nut)...

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..Within positive samples, THC-COOH and THC-OH (range: 33.7 to 182.1 and 20.7 to 493.3 microg/g, respectively) were both present in the majority of cases with only 1 specimen with THC-OH as the most abundant metabolite and 2 with THC only...

..Amount of synephrine present in such products ranged from 3.1 microg/mg solid product to 480.2 microg/mL liquid product...

..RA was not detected in either of the sweat patches probably because of its acidic properties. Measuring MPH in sweat patches can be a viable alternative to urine testing for noninvasive monitoring of use and misuse of the drug...

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..This method was successfully applied to the analysis of substances under investigations present in cosmetic creams, freely sold on the Internet web-sites...

..We studied the excretion profile of methylphenidate (MPH) and its metabolite ritalinic acid (RA) in oral fluid and plasma, the oral fluid-to-plasma (OF/P) drug ratio, and the variations of oral fluid pH after drug administration...

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..To investigate the prevalence of in utero exposure to cannabis in a cohort of 974 mother-infants dyads from Barcelona (Spain)...

..This study, which highlights a 45% ethanol consumption during pregnancy in a low socioeconomic status cohort, may serve as an eye opener for Europeans that gestational alcohol exposure is not endemic only in areas outside of Europe...

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..The mother was strongly advised to initiate a considerable, progressive, constant reduction of mate consumption to a maximum of 2 cups a day for the duration of breastfeeding...

..However, few false-negative results (18%) appeared in the first 6 h after administration. Both sweat patch testing and the onsite sweat strip test may find useful application for noninvasive monitoring of MDMA abuse in sweat...

..Although no congenital anomalies or behavioral alterations were diagnosed during hospitalization, periodic follow-ups were requested to check for potential long-term effects of prenatal exposure to alprazolam...

..The breast-fed newborn continued to have 3 to 4 crises of spontaneous tremors and alternant muscular rigidity per day for a month. More studies are needed to establish neonatal nicotine withdrawal...

..364). Neonatal behavior can be significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner even after modest prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke...

..Periodic clinical and laboratory follow-ups were requested to check eventual long-term effects of exposure to illicit drugs and discontinuation of the child from exposure to dangerous environments...

..2 ng/ml oral fluid for the different analytes. The developed analytical methodology was applied to investigate the presence of psychoactive drugs in oral fluid from injured individuals attending the emergency room (MACIUS project)...

..Doubling the monthly consumption increases hair MDMA by around 1 ng/mg hair up to a level of 4 consumed tablets a month. It does not seem possible to draw definitive conclusions from higher concentrations in hair samples...

..Better inter-laboratory results were obtained with the CHEM assay and, hence, it is considered the recommended assay for anti-doping control analysis...

..The pharmacokinetics of HM-paroxetine in humans after the administration of repeated doses is reported for the first time in this study...

..Because of the physicochemical properties of amfetamine-type stimulants, this group of drugs is one of the most suitable for drug testing in non-conventional matrices...

..Finally, chronic exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy, assessed by maternal hair nicotine, correlated negatively with anthropometric parameters of newborns...

..Here we present a case of neonatal withdrawal syndrome in an infant born to a woman who was a chronic areca-nut user. Arecoline, the principal neuroactive alkaloid in areca nuts, was found in the mother's placenta...

..After the 20-mg dose, the mean peak plasma concentration was 8.60 microg/L for paroxetine and 92.40 microg/L for HM paroxetine showing a tenfold ratio between the metabolite and the parent drug along the entire time-concentration curve...

..The incidence of infections during the first 18 months of life was investigated in 36 infants prenatally exposed to cocaine and in 72 non-exposed controls from Barcelona, Spain...

..5 hours after drug administration and lasting for 2 hours. Oral fluid and sweat appeared not to be suitable biologic matrices for monitoring GHB consumption. GHB-mediated subjective effects are related to GHB plasma concentrations...

..The absence of central heating was also associated with higher NO2 concentrations. Finally, each ppb increase in outdoor NO2 was associated with a 1% increase in indoor concentrations...

..Otherwise, further studies are needed to validate methodology developed in case of amphetamine consumption...

..Our aim is to assess changes between ETS exposure at the end of pregnancy and at 4 years of age determined by the parents' self-report and measurement of cotinine in age related biological matrices...

..Reduction of both active smoking and exposition to environmental tobacco smoke represent key elements in the prevention of newborns' morbidity and mortality...