L S Freedman

..The evidence is not yet conclusive, but additional follow-up in the randomized trial, as well as efforts to improve dietary assessment methodology for cohort studies, may be sufficient to provide a convincing answer...

..Although many previous adjustments for missing binary outcomes have been proposed, none of these makes explicit use of randomization to bound the bias when the data are not missing at random...

..We examined whether a well known and frequently prescribed homeopathic preparation could mitigate post-operative pain...

..This development sheds light on previous analyses of diet-disease associations reported in the literature...

..Researchers may have to resign themselves to more limited use of surrogate outcomes, not as replacements for traditional outcomes, but as outcomes for Phase II studies designed to decide which interventions to pass for Phase III testing...

..We demonstrate our findings with an analysis of dietary fat intake and mortality in a large cohort study...

..The results show that overall, the score of the population ratio is the preferred method. We therefore recommend that the quality of the U.S. population's diet be assessed and monitored using this method...

..The choice between a one-sided and two-sided test still impacts on sample size calculations, assessment of study results by regulatory authorities, and publication of study results in academic journals...

..The results changed only minimally when the other definition of usual intake, the usual ratio of intakes, was adopted...

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..Hodgkin lymphoma rates in Israeli non-Jews and Jordanians are similar to SEER, but non-Hodgkin lymphoma rates are lower than SEER. The previous suspicion of higher overall leukaemia and lymphoma rates in Jordan is thus not confirmed...

..41, respectively. An estimated 30% of the total population had a score of <2.5 for total vegetables. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that estimated distributions of usual HEI-2005 component scores have been published...

..The authors conclude that combining appropriate biomarkers with dietary data in a cohort can strengthen the investigation of diet-disease associations by increasing the statistical power to detect them...

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..796). These results indicate that lack of sustained viral response is best predicted after 8 weeks of treatment and that waiting until 12 weeks does not improve the prediction...

..65/100 kcal (418.4 kJ), 95% CI = 0.50 - 0.85]. Our results suggest that substitution of nonanimal for animal fat during adult life might reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but this requires confirmation in prospective studies...

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..These data suggest KL-VS as a breast and ovarian cancer risk modifier among BRCA1 mutation carriers. If validated in additional cohorts, the presence of KL-VS may serve as a predictor of cancer risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers...

..Finally, we give an example of the use of moment reconstruction in linear discriminant analysis and a nonstandard problem where we wish to adjust a classification tree for measurement error in the explanatory variables...

..Incorporating UN assessments into nutritional surveys, therefore, deserves serious consideration...

..This approach appears to increase the accuracy of the sample size estimates for LR with one continuous covariate...

..01). CONCLUSIONS: Alternative instruments, such as FRs, may be preferable to FFQs for evaluating diet-disease relationships in cohort studies. The results support a positive association between dietary fat and breast cancer...

..Since the proportion score (the proportion of first-degree relatives of the index who have the disease) is the simplest to calculate, use of this score seems to be justified...

..The authors conclude that, in their population, body mass index at age 18 years is an independent risk factor for ovarian cancer...

..However, when the true covariates are not normally distributed, we recommend using MM. We provide an example relating homocysteine to serum folate and B12 levels...

..We propose a new statistical method that uses information from two 24-hour recalls to estimate usual intake of episodically consumed foods...

..They describe the twists and turns of the dietary fat and breast cancer debate that have revolved around this issue...

..These differences can result in estimated usual intake distributions that differ from one another. We also demonstrate the need for an improved method for estimating usual intake distributions for episodically consumed foods...

..Results of a simulation study along with a sensitivity analysis are presented, showing the performance of the proposed method under a simple linear regression model...

..Results suggest that the interpretation of findings from FFQ-based epidemiologic studies of diet-disease associations needs to be reevaluated...

..We use data from the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study to compare the performance of a FFQ with that of a 24-hour recall (24HR)...

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