Nirmal Singh

..The exploitation of these targets may provide effective therapeutic agents for the management of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain...

..Since each animal model has been created with specific methodology, therefore, it is essential to describe the model in detail and consequently interpret the results in the context of a specific model...

..Present study investigated the attenuating role of Acorus calamus plant extract in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced peripheral neuropathy in rats...

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..Further, the antiulcerative effects may be attributed to mast cell stabilizing, antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions...

..Furthermore, saponin rich fraction of Ocimum sanctum may be responsible for its noted beneficial effect in neuropathic pain in rats...

..Study highlights the potential of Indinavir in memory dysfunctions associated with dementia of AD...

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..Therefore, it may be concluded that erythropoietin preconditioning and remote renal preconditioning trigger similar signaling mechanisms for cardioprotection, i.e., NFkB activation followed by opening of K(ATP) channels...

..This study demonstrates the potential of statins in memory dysfunctions associated with experimental dementia and provides evidence of their cholesterol-dependent and -independent actions...

..It may be concluded that STZ induces vascular dementia. 4'hydroxy-3'-methoxy acetophenone and Pitavastatin may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of diabetes induced vascular dementia...

..HAE-AC attenuated vincristine induced painful neuropathy, which may be attributed to its multiple effects including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and calcium inhibitory actions...

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..Acorus calamus has ameliorative potential in TST-induced painful neuropathy, and this effect may be attributed to its multiple actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective actions...

..The present study was aimed at investigating the ameliorative effect of Ocimum sanctum in sciatic nerve transection (axotomy)-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats...

..These findings indicate that the transduction systems mediating morphine- and capsaicin-induced pharmacological preconditioning in brain are possibly interlinked with one another...

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..5, 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor. It may be concluded that Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger possibly plays an important role in ischemic post-conditioning-induced neuroprotection...

..These results implicate that RRPC-induced cardioprotective effects may be mediated through release of erythropoietin from kidney...

..It is concluded that anti-dementic effect of pioglitazone may involve central cholinergic, oxidative and NO pathways...

..It may be concluded that curcumin-mediated antioxidant actions and decrease in corticosterone secretion are responsible for its adaptogenic and memory restorative actions in chronic and chronic unpredictable stress...

..The observed anti-nociceptive effects of amiloride and pralidoxime may possibly be attributed to inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/H+ exchangers with subsequent decrease in Ca2+ ions and oxidative stress...

..These results suggest that spleen derived factor induced activation of vanilloid receptors and CGRP release may be contributing in the development of hyperalgesia in diabetic mice...

..It is concluded that neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning may be due to the adenosine diphosphoribose receptor activation...

..e., BADGE (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)). It may be concluded that the beneficial effects of curcumin are mediated through the activation of PPAR-gamma receptors...

..Acorus calamus prevented vincristine-induced neuropathic pain, which may be attributed to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and calcium inhibitory actions, among others...

..It may be concluded that ischemic/morphine postconditioning protects I/R induced cerebral injury via activating opioid receptor and K(ATP) channel opening...

..At this point of time, it is very important to find the possible pharmacological agents which may be useful in management and therapy of dementia including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, etc...

..p.), a mast cell stabilizer attenuated the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. It is concluded that neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning may be due to the degranulation of mast cells...

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..Thus, leukotriene D(4) may be involved in the development of opioid dependence and the precipitation of its withdrawal syndrome and thus may serve as a viable pharmacological target to tackle the problem of opioid addiction...

..These findings indicate that milrinone preconditioning exerts a marked neuroprotective effect on the ischemic brain, putatively due to increased intracellular calcium levels activating calcium-sensitive signal transduction cascades...

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..On the basis of these results, it may be concluded that sub threshold generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may activate redox signaling which may be responsible for preconditioning induced cardioprotection...

..In this study L-Methionine induced vascular dementia was assessed by Morris water-maze (MWM) test. Biochemical analysis was also performed to unfold possible mechanism of statins mediated modulation of vascular dementia...

..The present review elaborates the role of all these individual targets in the pathogenesis of anticancer agents-induced neuropathic pain to develop effective therapeutic modalities for pain management...

..Therefore, it may be suggested that tramadol exerts a seizurogenic effect on mice via an H(1) receptor activation-linked pathway possibly through an opioid receptor-dependent release of histamine from the mast cells...

..Remote PoCo has also emerged as a new concept; however, considerable research is required for understanding its molecular mechanisms. In this review, an exhaustive attempt has been made to unearth some molecular aspects of PoCo...

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..Furthermore, the endogenous adaptogens may be transferred in the form of plasma from repeated stress subjected rats to the naïve rats to confer the anti-stress properties...

..Therefore, the present review focuses on detailing the scope of stem cell therapy in the treatment of ischaemic stroke...

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..Through this review, we will discuss the probable pathophysiological mechanisms that may elicit the defending role of these receptors in brains of AD patients...

..The present review article discusses the involvement of these different brain areas in the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain...

..The noted beneficial effects of sodium cromoglycate and diethyldithiocarbamic acid may possibly be attributed to mast cell stabilization and inhibition of NF-?B activity, respectively...

..Reversal of Celecoxib/STZ induced memory deficits by Pitavastatin may be due to its antioxidative, anti beta amyloid aggregatory property, and by Donepezil, due to its anticholinesterase and neuroprotective actions...

..It may be concluded that telmisartan has a potential in attenuating neuropathic pain behavior in chronic constriction injury model which may possibly be attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties...

..It may be concluded that neuroprotective effect of remote mesenteric ischaemic preconditioning probably is mediated through insulin, endogenous opioids and CGRP released as a consequence of mesenteric ischaemia and reperfusion in mice...

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..It may be concluded that beneficial effects of ischemic postconditioning on global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion-induced behavioral deficits may involve activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-linked pathway...

..Therefore, it may be concluded that stem cells derived from amniotic fluid exert beneficial effect on the ischaemic brain to an extent comparable to the neuroprotective effect of embryonic neuronal stem cells...

..These results highlight the ameliorative role of statins in experimental amnesia with possible involvement of their cholesterol dependent as well as cholesterol independent actions...

..It is concluded that hypertonic glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis may involve release of endogenous opioids that in turn modulate K(ATP) channels to contribute in the pathogenesis of ARF...

..It is concluded that PPAR-? modulators pioglitazone and rosiglitazone may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of diabetes induced VaD...

..Thus, it may be suggested that piracetam attenuates opioid effects by an opioid receptor-KATP channel linked mechanism...

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..So, it may be concluded that inhibition of HIF-P4H has a key role in RRPC-induced cardioprotection. Further, remote preconditioning-induced HIF-P4H inhibition may have triggered a transduction pathway involving activation of NFkB...

..It may be concluded that stress preconditioning does not seem to confer any protective effect in modulating restrain stress-induced behavioral alterations...

..High cholesterol levels have been positively correlated with a higher incidence of memory impairment and dementia...

..Therefore inducible nitric oxide synthase may be implicated in the development of seizures...

..Through this article we have tried to develop a brief and simplified picture of the principal physiological and pathophysiological roles governed by PARP-1 and its therapeutic implications...

..These results suggest that spironolactone has ameliorative potential in attenuating the hyperalgesia associated with diabetes, which may be possibly mediated through inhibition of release of certain critical factors from spleen...

..Furthermore, the key role of opioids in different forms of pre- and post-conditioning including ischemic and pharmacological along with in remote preconditioning has also been described...

..Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APD) and RS 102895 are relatively selective inhibitors of NF-?B and C-C chemokine receptor 2, respectively...

..The present review describes these differently synthesized coumarin derivatives as AChE inhibitors for management of AD...

..It may be concluded that stevioside exerts a memory-preservative effect in cognitive deficits of rats possibly through its multiple actions...

..It may be concluded that erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect in memory deficits of mice possibly through its multiple actions including potential anti-oxidative effect...

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..Therefore, it may be concluded that inhibition of caspase-9 and PARP prevent ischemia and reperfusion-induced activation of apoptotic cascade and necrosis in rat myocardium...