Christian T Happi

..However, the parasitological effectiveness of ACT when dispensed by community medicine distributors (CMDs) within the context of home management of malaria (HMM) and used unsupervised by caregivers at home has not been evaluated...

..The treatment regimen of ACT is however more complicated than that of CQ. There is thus a need to determine the feasibility of using ACT at the home level and determine community perception on its use...

..28). Considering the high level of CQ resistance and drug use in the study area, the observed linkage disequilibrium between the mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles is maintained epistatically through directional CQ selective pressure...

..falciparum. The combination of mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles may be useful markers for monitoring the development and spread of AQ resistance, when combining this drug with other antimalarials for treatment of malaria in Africa...

..falciparum infections on the basis of HRPII based dipstick results alone. Microscopy or PCR diagnosis where possible, should be carried out in order to confirm negative P. falciparum HRPII-based dipstick tests...

..The dhfr and dhps quintuple mutant (dhfr triple mutant+dhps double mutant) was the genotype most strongly associated with SP treatment failure (OR=24.72, 95%CI=8.24-74.15) in both younger and older children...

..falciparum malaria by exerting greater effects on post-treatment gametocyte density and gametocyte sex ratio...

..Both regimens were well tolerated. Artemether-lumefantrine clears parasitemia more rapidly than ASP but both combinations are effective in treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Nigerian children...

..The study protocol was designed to evaluate more closely the early effects and the standard measures of efficacies of these two regimens...

..This suggests a potential clinical application of the reversal phenomenon...

..Continuous monitoring of pfcrt SVMNT haplotype is required in endemic areas of Africa, where artesunate-amodiaquine combination is used for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria...

..All regimens were well tolerated. AL, AAcf and AAcp cleared fever and parasitemia rapidly and had similar rates of resolution of MAA after treatment in malarious Nigerian children...

..Reduction of gametocyte carriage by these two treatment regimens may reduce transmissibility in P. falciparum malaria, and this reduction is presumed to be related to the accelerated clearance of the asexual forms of the parasite...

..Half of the children with recrudescence were still anaemic at 4 weeks. These findings have implications for the control of the burden of malarial anaemia in children in sub-Saharan African countries...

..However, gametocyte males persisted after this period in children with AQ-R infections. AQ-recrudescent infections are relatively low (25 of 612.4%) in children from this endemic area...

..These results suggest that artesunate and artesunate-amodiaquine reduce gametocyte carriage and may reduce transmissibility in P. falciparum malaria by accelerating asexual clearance and influencing gametocyte sex ratio...

..Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine remain efficacious treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Nigerian children 5 years after adoption...

..17 and 0.65, respectively). Artemisinin drugs may reduce the extent and rate of fall in PfMAA during treatment and may attenuate malaria-associated anaemia in children...

..5, may have implications for malaria control efforts in endemic settings...

..falciparum population in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study has also shown the dynamics of P. falciparum infections in this population before and after chloroquine treatment in an area of high malaria transmission...

..Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is common in many endemic and other settings but there is no clear recommendation on when to change therapy when there is delay in parasite clearance after initiation of therapy in African children...

..Pfmdr1 polymorphisms may result in reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of this newly adopted combination treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Saharan countries of Africa...

..However, little is known about the prevalence of codon-268 mutations in natural populations of P. falciparum without previous exposure to the drug in Africa...

..2% (25 of 26) versus 96.2% (25 of 26) and 91.7% (22 of 24) for children treated with DHA and ART, respectively. In conclusion, both treatment regimens were efficacious and well tolerated...

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..0005). Mutant T76 allele was detectable in 60% and 57% of blood and saliva samples, respectively. This finding shows rapid detection of pLDH in patient saliva...

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..These findings may have implications for malaria management efforts in sub-Saharan Africa...

..76, df = 1, P = 0.009). These results indicate that acute malaria contribute to sub-optimal growth in young children and may have implications for malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa...

..Detailed toxicological studies are required to understand the full clinical implications of CP's elevation of erythrocytic CQ concentrations...

..Hyperparasitaemia is a feature of childhood severe malaria but there is little information on the risk factors for hyperparasitaemia in malarious children..

..Efforts in this study were thus devoted to development and evaluation of a simple, cost-effective and sensitive method for quantification of sulphadoxine in small capillary samples of whole blood dried on filter paper...

..SG appears to be a cost-effective alternative for antimalarial drug screening and a viable technique that may facilitate antimalarial drug discovery process especially in developing countries...

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..Falls in haematocrit in the first 3 days after treatment began were similar and <5%. Declines in parasitaemias were monoexponential with both treatments with an estimated half-life of 1?h...

..abstract:..

..Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) are the recommended first-line antimalarials globally, but their influence on the risk factors associated with gametocyte carriage has had little evaluation in endemic areas...

..The binding kinetics between CQ, resistance-reversing agents, AGP and other plasma proteins will clearly need to elucidated if clinically effective resistance-reversing agents are to be selected in vitro...

..0002) compared with the other treatment groups. The results from this study support the potential usefulness of CFX in combination with antimalarial drugs for the treatment of chloroquine resistant human malaria...

..1 and 2.6 microg/ml, respectively. The least toxic plant extract was Bridelia micrantha (LC(50) value >9.0 x 10(6) microg/ml). Most of the plants were found to be relatively non-toxic...