The status of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral drugs in sub-Saharan AfricaRaph L Hamers
PharmAccess Foundation, Center for Poverty related Communicable Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Antivir Ther 13:625-39. 2008
..The report focuses on resistance associated with treatment, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and transmitted resistance. It also outlines priorities for public health action and research...
- Dried fluid spots for HIV type-1 viral load and resistance genotyping: a systematic review
Raph L Hamers
PharmAccess Foundation, Center for Poverty related Communicable Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Antivir Ther 14:619-29. 2009
..This report reviews the current evidence for their utility...
- HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in six percent of persons initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia
Raph L Hamers
PharmAccess Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 55:95-101. 2010
..To assess the mutational patterns and factors associated with baseline drug-resistant HIV-1 present at initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 3 sites in Lusaka, Zambia, in 2007-2008...
- Multi-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant HIV type-1 in a patient from Sierra Leone failing stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine
Raph L Hamers
Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Antivir Ther 16:115-8. 2011
..Emerging multi-NRTI resistance in sub-Saharan Africa would not only compromise second-line treatment options and the success of antiretroviral rollout, but could also contribute to the spread of drug-resistant variants worldwide...
- Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accumulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa
Kim C E Sigaloff
PharmAccess Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58:23-31. 2011
..Frequencies of unnecessary switches, patterns of HIV drug resistance, and risk factors for the accumulation of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated mutations were evaluated...
- Effect of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance on immunological, virological, and drug-resistance outcomes of first-line antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre cohort study
Raph L Hamers
PharmAccess Foundation, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Lancet Infect Dis 12:307-17. 2012
..We studied pretreatment drug resistance and virological, immunological, and drug-resistance treatment outcomes in a large prospective cohort...
- HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study
Raph L Hamers
PharmAccess Foundation, Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre of University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Lancet Infect Dis 11:750-9. 2011
..We aimed to assess the prevalence of primary resistance in six African countries after ART roll-out and if wider use of ART in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with rising prevalence of drug resistance...
- Barriers to Initiation of Pediatric HIV Treatment in Uganda: A Mixed-Method Study
T Sonia Boender
PharmAccess Foundation, P O Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AIDS Res Treat 2012:817506. 2012
..The problem of late disease at presentation requires a multifactorial approach, addressing both health system and individual-level factors...
