Licia Grazzi

..Confirmation of these findings, as well as extension to other forms of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment, is required...

..This article reviews current clinical experiences of MOH patients treated with different approaches. Moreover, initial outcomes and long-term durability of treatments are discussed...

..The purpose of this article is to highlight behavioural/psychological factors important to consider for clinicians managing this particular category of patients...

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..The diagnostic criteria for adults were adopted for use in young patients. Since that time a burgeoning number of studies on headache in young people have been published...

..The diagnostic criteria for adults were adopted for use in young patients. Since that time a burgeoning number of studies on headache in young people have been published...

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..These data, however, are preliminary and the sample sizes are small, so these conclusions are tentative. We will continue our data collection for 12 months...

..The possibility of withdrawal within a day-hospital setting is considered a therapeutic alternative for these patients and compared to in-patient withdrawal. Long-term results are discussed...

..Although uncontrolled, the initial findings are encouraging and suggest that further, better controlled research is warranted...

..Some of the most common forms of facial pain will be considered and some considerations concerning the problem of atypical facial pain in young age and its treatment will be discussed...

..The problem regarding the diagnosis, the classification, and clinical aspects of MOH is reviewed in this article. The different therapeutic approaches, initial outcomes, and long-term durability of treatment also are discussed...

..Also the different therapeutical approaches, pharmacological and non-pharmacological, initial outcomes and long-term durability of treatment are discussed...

..The different therapeutical approaches, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, initial outcomes and long-term durability of treatment are discussed...

..As side effects and complications are minimal, these approaches are optimal options for young patients or for patients where the medications remain contraindicated...

..7%. MIDAS subscores improved as well (question A=58.0%; question B=22.5%). Although uncontrolled, these findings are encouraging and suggest that further, better controlled research investigations are warranted...

..In this study, a clinical experience where day-hospital withdrawal is followed by pharmacological treatment and on the other side pharmacological treatment is combined with behavioral approach is discussed...

..The changes of clinical indexes and of psychological parameters are discussed and analyzed in order to address the most adequate therapeutic strategy for this kind of patients...

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..4 (median 65) to 59.4+/-8.5 (median 62) (Student's t-test p<0.00001) and with a reduction in the percentage of patients with very severe headache-related impact one year after withdrawal therapy...

..The necessity of withdrawal performed by different treatment schedules, outcomes, and the long-term durability of treatment are discussed...

..Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be a useful technique for obtaining information on particular neuronal changes in the pain network involved in this condition...

..The secondary aim was to investigate whether activations in MOH patients normalize after medication withdrawal, which would suggest a possible role of the pain matrix in headache chronification...

..We also propose that only completely drug-resistant (as opposed to partially drug-resistant) patients be considered for neurostimulation unless there are other indications...

..The occurrence of MA attacks after microbubble (MB) injection during contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (ce-TCD) has been recently described...

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..These results are consistent with the fact that CMO may be an evolution of episodic migraine, characterized by increase in headache frequency and more evident disability in performing different daily duties...

..However before a definition of "refractory" chronic migraine can become established, generally accepted diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for this condition need to be developed...

..Our results confirmed a marked personal and social burden in patients with migraine without aura, and also in the less well-studied forms of primary headaches, cluster headache and chronic migraine...

..The different therapeutical approaches, initial outcomes are discussed...

..These preliminary data show that Ginkgolide B seems to be effective as preventive treatment in reducing migraine attack frequency and in attenuating the use of symptomatic medication in our small series of children with primary headache...

..The clinical experience performed at our Headache Unit, the necessity of withdrawal, different treatment schedules, and different treatment strategies of our center were discussed...

..We also found that MIDAS and SF-36 were sensitive to clinical changes in a group of 84 patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse who completed the both questionnaires before and after treatment...

..SUNCT is commonly described as drug resistant. Recent studies report that lamotrigin may be the drug of choice for SUNCT...

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..We report a case of a 33-year-old woman affected by migraine with and without aura who exhibited a possible cervical internal carotid artery vasospasm, detected by ultrasound, before a typical migraine aura...

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..Further investigation is warranted...

..However, further studies to determine the suitability of these instruments as outcome measures in clinical practice are necessary...

..Clinical aspects and different therapeutic strategies for chronic daily headache patients with medication overuse are considered...

..Minimal changes in the phrasing and content of the items would be sufficient to render the MIDAS specific for the younger population with headache...

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..The article reviews the most important diagnostic categories of headache in young age and the limitations of the classification criteria for this group of patients...

..For most scales the difference was significant (P < 0.0001, Student's t-test, Bonferroni correction). Our findings suggest that cluster headache has marked functional consequences even when appropriate treatments are used...

..Second-degree relatives had an eightfold significantly increased risk. The increased familial risk strongly supports the hypothesis that cluster headache has a genetic component in some families...

..The activated areas are congruent with some data of the literature and the data emerged are discussed according to preceding reports...

..To our knowledge, this is the first investigation where the MIDAS questionnaire has been used as an outcome measure in patients with chronic headache to assess disability during such a long follow-up period...

..If, however, sumatriptan is ineffective at that dose it can be increased to a maximum of 100 mg...

..Based on the overall improvement in migraine parameters, alpha-dihydroergocryptine can be recommended for use in migraine prophylaxis...

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..Further studies are necessary to clarify the effectiveness of transdermal clonidine in the prophylaxis of episodic cluster headache...

..CDH may be associated with comorbid anxiety or depression, resulting in a tremendous amount of dysfunction for the youngster and the family...

..These findings suggest that a basal dysfunction in the L-arginine-NO pathway may be involved in the peripheral mechanisms predisposing subjects with neurovascular headaches to individual attacks...

..We found RLS in 61 of them. A latent RLS was found in 28%, a permanent RLS in 72%, a shower-curtain pattern was detected in 52% of the studied patients...

..We found only one new first-degree relative with cluster headache (1/40 = 2.5%). The selective interview may be used with confidence as a means of investigating the hereditary component of cluster headache...

..To determine the clinical status, with respect to pain indices and disability level, of chronic migraine patients with medication overuse who were treated 3 years previously...