A M Cook

..Inducible sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase was detected at high activity. Inducible degradation of taurine or isethionate or sulfoacetate via sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase is interpreted from the data...

..The data are considered to reflect the control of scavenging for sulfur and of distribution of sulfur in the cell exerted by the sulfate-starvation-induced stimulon...

..When anaerobes assimilate sulfonate sulfur, there is one common, unknown mechanism to desulfonate the inert aromatic compounds and another to desulfonate inert aliphatic compounds; taurine seems to be desulfonated by mechanism (1)...

..Both desulfonation reactions seem to be widespread. The third desulfonation mechanism is oxygenolysis of, e.g. propanesulfonate(s), about which less is known...

..These data emphasize the importance of acetyl phosphate in bacterial metabolism. A third mechanism of desulfonation is suggested: the hydrolysis of sulfoacetate...

..Cell-free extracts of P. pantotrophus NKNCYSA contained constitutive L-cysteate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.-) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4). Taurine:pyruvate aminotransferase, in contrast, was inducible...

..We have sequenced the encoding gene (tpa). It encoded a 50-kDa peptide, which revealed 33% identity to diaminopelargonate aminotransferase from Bacillus subtilis...

..sphaeroides 2.4.1 seems to involve malyl-CoA lyase, which was synthesized inducibly, and not malate synthase (GlcB), whose presumed gene was not transcribed under these conditions...

..The DNA sequence had no significant homologue in the databases searched, whereas the derived amino acid sequence indicated an oxo-acid lyase, revealed a TPP-binding site and gave a derived molecular mass of 63.8 kDa...

..aureus was seen to increase by up to 140-fold, suggesting that the proteins induced under these conditions may be involved in sulfur metabolism. We propose that these proteins are members of a sulfate starvation-induced stimulon...

..Strain NKNIS excreted sulfite and sulfate during growth with a sulfonate and no sulfite dehydrogenase was detected. There is considerable biochemical, genetic and regulatory complexity in the degradation of these simple molecules...

..A putative tauD gene (with three other candidates) was detected in strain ISO-5. Regulation of the different forms of metabolism of taurine remains to be elucidated...

..N-Methyltaurine is thus another compound whose catabolism is channelled directly through sulfoacetaldehyde...

..6, 0.15, 1.1, 31 and 0.04 mM, respectively. The alanine dehydrogenase gene was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponded to a size of 39.9 kDa and was very similar to that of the alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis...

..A soluble, NADP-dependent isethionate dehydrogenase converted sulfoacetaldehyde to isethionate. The enzyme was partially purified and it apparently belonged to the family of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases...

..RT-PCR showed inducible transcription of these three genes, and led to the hypothesis that H16_B1872 and orthologous proteins represent a sulfite exporter, which was named TauE...

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..Biodiversity in isethionate transport genes was observed and investigated by transcription experiments...

..The different pathways of desulfonation of sulfolactate presumably represent final steps in the biodegradation of sulfoquinovose (and exudates derived from it) in marine and aquatic environments...

..Different patterns of regulation for the transport and dissimilation of taurine were hypothesized for S. meliloti and B. fungorum...

..Any traces of LAS and larger amounts of SPCs in the effluent from sewage works are exposed to degradative organisms in acclimated and pristine environments. These degradative reactions can now be studied in pure cultures...

..The largest group contained the tsa transposon, usually (six of seven isolates) with negligible differences in sequence from strain T-2...

..However, despite the presence of CYP153-like sequences in the genome of strain DS-1(T), the difference spectra did not support the presence of a CYP in crude extracts, and the nature of the LAS-oxygenase remains unclear...

..The products were largely monosulfodiphenylether carboxylate-phenols (MSDPEC-phenols). MSDPEC-phenols were subject to extensive dissimilation by bacteria from activated sludge...

..Similar gene clusters were found in several marine and terrestrial gammaproteobacteria, which, in the gut canal, could be the source of not only mammalian, but also arachnid and cephalopod isethionate...

..A three-member community consisting of strains DS-1(T), SPB-2, and SPH-1 utilized four major SPCs. We inferred that this community mineralized the major SPCs derived from 8 of the 20 LAS congeners...

..Both redox centres were detected in the deduced amino acid sequence. Sequence data and biochemical properties of the enzyme system indicate a novel member of the class IB ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases...

..The atsA gene was located at 15-17' on the P. aeruginosa genome by Southern hybridization. Only a single copy was observed under moderate stringency conditions...

..The eight pathway genes were transcribed inducibly, which indicated expression of the whole hypothetical pathway. We presume that this pathway is one source of sulfoacetate in nature, where this compound is dissimilated by many bacteria...

..DHPS degradation is widespread and diverse, implying that DHPS is common in marine and terrestrial environments...

..The deamination involved an inducible 2-oxoglutarate-dependent aminotransferase to yield glutamate, and 3-sulfopropanal. Release of the amino group was attributed to the measured NADP-coupled glutamate dehydrogenase...

..SlcC was purified to homogeneity. This enzyme also formed sulfolactate from sulfopyruvate, but the latter enantiomer was not a substrate for SuyAB. SlcC was obviously ( S)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase...

..suyAB-like genes are widespread in sequenced genomes and environmental samples where, in contrast to the current annotation, several presumably encode the desulfonation of 3-sulfolactate, a component of bacterial spores...

..9 micro M, and the interaction was a function of the concentration of the ligand TSA. A regulatory model for this LysR-type regulator is proposed on the basis of these data...

..Band-shift data indicate that TsaR is required for the expression of tsaT, which suggests that tsaR and tsaQ(1,2), together with tsaMBCD1, belong to a common regulatory unit...

..Substrate-specific transcription of candidate genes encoding taurine uptake and dissimilation (tauABC, tpa, ald, xsc, pta) was found, which corresponded to the induction of Tpa, Ald, Xsc and Pta, that was observed...

..An inducible sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase was detected. R. palustris thus contains a pathway to generate a natural product that was previously believed to be formed solely from sulfoquinovose...

..nov., sp. nov. is proposed...

..3.3.15; H16_B1872) was strongly induced during growth with homotaurine and inferred that the sulfite exporter encoded at the end of the gene cluster (H16_B1874) has a broad substrate range that includes 3-sulfopropanoate...

..Enrichment cultures to explore the possible release of organophosphonates from the analogous substrate, 2-aminoethanephosphonate, led to 33 isolates, all of which released inorganic phosphate quantitatively...

..Pseudomonas spp., e.g. strain TAC-K3 and Rhodococcus equi TAC-A1 grew with the cholate moiety and released taurine quantitatively. Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 utilized the taurine moiety and released cholate...

..Their sequences grouped within the class III extradiol dioxygenases. Based on our biochemical and genetic analyses, we propose a new branch of the heteromultimeric enzymes within that class...

..e., 33 SPC and SPC-2H species), and about 17 SPdC species. A large array of compounds, many in low quantities, is thus generated by P. lavamentivorans DS-1 during the degradation of commercial LAS...

..Whereas phosphate acetyltransferase has been found in other organisms, none was indicated in the genome sequence and no activity was found in cell-free extracts. Instead, acetate kinase was active as was acetate-CoA ligase...

..A degradative pathway including transport functions is proposed...