T Remer

..Whether urinary GC is a long-term predictor of fat gain during childhood should be analyzed in future studies...

..CONCLUSIONS: Long-term dietary protein intake appears to act anabolically on diaphyseal bone strength during growth, and this may be negated, at least partly, if dietary PRAL is high, ie, if the intake of alkalizing minerals is low...

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..Nutrition has long been known to strongly influence acid-base balance. Recently, we have shown that it is possible to appropriately estimate the renal net acid excretion (NAE) of healthy subjects from the composition of their diets...

..Our data may also be used as reference data for the diagnosis of steroid-related disorders...

..Positive adrenarchal effects on radial diaphyseal bone were observed. Obviously, adrenarche is one determinant of bone mineral status in children...

..Experimental studies in adults showed that renal net acid excretion (NAE) can be reliably estimated from the composition of diets...

..Because worldwide iodine status (IS) depends on continuous fortification, the adequacy of IS needs to be regularly monitored...

..Whether the elevated urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol and cortisone excretion, observed in the patients, are also present in other forms of hypercortisolism and may thus serve as non-invasive clinical stress markers deserves further study...

..In patients with nephrolithiasis, an inverse relationship between 24-h urinary pH (24h-UpH) and body weight has been reported. Whether body composition indices and 24h-UpH are similarly associated in healthy subjects needs investigation...

..Urinary creatinine reference values that take anthropometric data into account, which is mandatory during growth, are not available for healthy white children...

..Therefore, we studied potential hormonal influences in children before the appearance of pubic hair (onset of pubarche)...

..A special emphasis is placed on the potential of 24-h urine analyses to assess not only glucocorticoid secretion, but also functional glucocorticoid activity...

..However, the present results do not rule out a growth-accelerating effect of clearly higher androgen levels, as in premature adrenarche...

..However, studies using valid biomarker measurements of corresponding dietary intakes are lacking...

..During the physiological process of adrenarche, the adrenal glands of healthy children secrete increasing amounts of weak androgenic steroids partly metabolized to potent sex steroids...

..Whether adrenarche impacts on pubertal development is controversial...

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..Further research (controlled dietary long term investigation) is required 1) to validate whether the effects of diet on adrenocortical activity represent sustained endocrine changes and 2) to elucidate the underlying mechanism...

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..These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that a change in nutritional status is an important physiological regulator of adrenarche...

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..To evaluate whether renal net acid excretion capacity (NAEC) varies across different age groups and, specifically, whether it falls in elderly people...

..Our objective was to investigate 1) whether the fructose biomarker is also applicable in free-living children and 2) for what kind of sugar it is standing for...

..A well-balanced fortification of commercial CF, including pure infant cereals, would be required to ensure an adequate iodine supply...

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..We aimed to examine whether 24-h UFF and UFE excretion rates are also affected by urine volume in children...

..A high early protein intake has been proposed to increase obesity risk...

..03 for %BF and 0.08 for BMI SD score). Dietary GI, GL, and fiber and whole-grain intakes in healthy, free-living adolescents do not appear to be relevant to the development of %BF or BMI during puberty...

..The impact of acid-base balance on health is widely accepted. Here, we describe the potential renal acid load (PRAL) in the diet of healthy German children and adolescents...

..Soft drinks are thought to displace milk in diets of children and adolescents and therefore might affect variables of bone modeling and remodeling...

..To investigate the effect of breastfeeding in healthy boys and girls on their trajectories of percent body fat (%BF) and BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) throughout childhood...

..It is controversial whether prepubertal body composition is implicated in the timing of puberty onset...

..Observational studies in adults suggest that a diet with a high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL), a high intake of sugary foods, or a low fiber intake may increase the risk of overweight...

..Experimental studies have reported that the effect of a meal's glycemic index (GI) on subsequent energy intake depends on the timing of the subsequent meal...

..Our data provide the first in vivo-based evidence that the obesity- or hypercortisolism-associated urolithiasis may be a pathophysiologic continuation of the corresponding endocrine metabolic variations in healthy children...

..Adrenarche is the increase in adrenal androgen (AA) production starting in childhood. Until now, it has been unknown whether or not nutritional factors modulate adrenarche...

..Prepubertal estrogen levels may already predict the timing of girls' menstruation and breast development but do not appear to affect sexual maturation in boys...

..The quality of dietary CHO consumed by healthy German adolescents shows notable secular declines, but does not change markedly during puberty. Public health initiatives should be tailored to improve the overall quality of CHO nutrition...

..e., organic acid anions, that is reasonably predictable by anthropometrics. Consequently, the other component, i.e., the potential renal acid load, appears to be the primary parameter that characterizes the diet-induced acid load...

..Anthropometric measurements are widely used to determine body composition, especially in children...

..The observed positive relation of UCP with GL appears to result largely from its association with the amount of CHO, whereas dietary GI may be relevant only at higher intake levels...

..It has been suggested that phytoestrogens and dietary fiber can affect puberty timing...

..As individual melatonin production remains stable during childhood and adolescence, this melatonin-birth size relation should also exist in children...

..As the DONALD study offers unique research opportunities and due to its long follow-up an abundance of data, collaborative research is encouraged...

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..This article provides an overview of the current concepts of diet influences on acid-base balance and also focuses on the underlying physiologic and biochemical basis as well as on relevant clinical implications...

..Magnesium deficiency could thus, apart from an insufficient intake, partly be caused by the acid load in the body...

..The present analyses intend to clarify if gender and puberty modify the relationship between bone development (modeling and remodeling) and fat mass at the forearm...

..In conclusion, the varying metabolic need for cortisol during normal growth may have implications for future improvements in glucocorticoid replacement therapy...

..Altered 11beta-HSD1 may cause tissue-specific Cushing's syndrome with central obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis...

..Especially in pubertal females, higher levels of subcutaneous fat may decrease bone strength due to increased cortical remodeling...

..However in obesity, the kidney appears to intensify its supply of the direct substrate cortisone for extrarenal 11beta-HSD1, which may fuel visceral adiposity and insulin resistance...

..The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the urinary collagen markers deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and hydroxylysine (Hyl) and its glycosides [galactosyl-Hyl (Gal-Hyl) and glucosyl-Gal-Hyl] with growth...

..Cross-sectional fat area (FA) and muscle area have been recently used to describe local body composition at the forearm in children and adolescents. The present analysis intends to characterize FA in a normal collective...

..37, p = 0.01), suggesting a possible genetic background of melatonin production. However, prospective studies controlling also lifestyle factors such as diet are required to further confirm the hypothesis...

..The Second International Acid-Base Symposium, Nutrition-Health-Disease, provided deeper insight and updates in the scientific basis of the relation among diet, acid-base homeostasis, physiology, and pathophysiological consequences...