A Stang

..A greater risk of melanoma is typical of highly-educated people, but it is unclear why priests should have an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia or thyroid cancer...

..In contrast to previous theories on confounding, DAGs are able to show when adjustment for covariates produces bias. Furthermore, DAGs are able to use also information on relations among confounders...

..Social networks and social support are supposed to contribute to the development of unequal health within populations. However, little is known about their socio-economic distribution. In this study, we explore this distribution...

..To assess the consistency of associations the design is cross-national with data from nine industrial towns from the Czech Republic and Germany...

..Therefore, we sought to explore the relation between residential area and smoking behaviours in Germany...

..To estimate the effect of exposures on uveal melanoma risk, we will use conditional logistic regression that accounts for the matching factors and allows to control for potential confounding...

..They found a positive association between cooks and the risk of uveal melanoma. In our study we examine whether cooks or people who worked in cook related jobs have an increased uveal melanoma risk...

..e. its ability to sustain adequate pharmacological response despite suboptimal compliance) was characterised and evidence-based guidance for the interpretation of compliance reports was intended to be developed...

..This paper describes the design and objectives of the DIOS Study...

..We studied the incidence of vulvar melanoma in a large population-based cancer registry of East Germany and compared our findings with the United States and Sweden...

..Uveal melanoma incidence rates remained quite stable during the period 1983-97. The interpretation of uveal melanoma incidence trends is complicated by missing data on topography within the eye, morphology and basis of diagnosis...

..Critics of such trials argue that if a proven effective therapy exists, a placebo should not be used. But proponents argue that placebo trials are still crucial to prove the efficacy and safety of many treatments...

..We wanted to estimate hospitalization costs due to skin cancer in Germany...

..The later start of the mortality decline in East Germany may be because of a later introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy compared to West Germany...

..Population-based analyses of the incidence of skin lymphoma in Europe are very sparse. We analyzed German population-based incidence data on skin lymphoma to study the descriptive epidemiology of these tumors...

..Nonparticipants were more often current smokers than participants and less often belonged to the highest social class. Living in a regular relationship with a partner was more often reported among participants than nonparticipants...

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..The aim was to give insights in this observation by detailed incidence and mortality analyses and to explore the worldwide ratio of colon and rectal cancers based on population-based cancer registry data...

..The aims of this study were to estimate the patient incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and skin melanoma, and to study the effect of multiple primary skin tumors on the incidence rates...

..Mortality of NMSC has declined over time. Ethnicity-specific incidence and survival analyses of NMSC can be used to determine to what degree earlier detection and/or more efficient therapies have contributed to these observations...

..Results may help to better compare blood pressure values in epidemiologic studies that used different blood pressure devices...

..Close co-operation between cancer referral centres and cancer registries can substantially improve the completeness of registration...

..The overall difference in survival was mainly due to a more favourable survival among women aged 60-74 years. Overall prognosis was less favourable among men, most likely due to diagnoses at later stages...

..Only skin melanoma of the head showed an exponential age-specific incidence pattern and the aetiology of these skin melanomas may differ from skin melanoma on other subsites...

..The observed agreement among non-smoking cases was 58% as compared to 67% heavy smoking cases. The moderate agreement for squamous-cell and adenocarcinoma complicates epidemiological studies that address these histological subtypes...

..41-2.86) for each additional 200 g galactose per month during adolescence. Our results suggest that milk fat and/or galactose may explain the association between milk and dairy product consumption and seminomatous testicular cancer...

..We explored our data of a German population-based case-control study on the etiology of testicular cancer with regard to this association...

..The aim of this study was to provide a novel approach to estimate the testicular cancer incidence in Germany by using nationwide hospitalization data...

..We measured the interobserver variability of the B-categorization of core biopsies of the breast...

..This was done on the basis of nationwide DRG statistics (DRG = diagnosis-related groups) covering the years 2005-2006...

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..Conversion from laparoscopically or vaginal hysterectomy to open abdominal hysterectomy is associated with the indication and type of hysterectomy started with and is considerably higher for laparoscopic than vaginal hysterectomies...

..Little is known about the population-wide spread of MS for the treatment of skin cancer. The aim was to estimate the in-hospital use of MS for the treatment of skin cancer in Germany...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether indirect measures of fat distribution within subgroups of comparable body mass indices (BMIs) differ by region in Germany...

..For a proper interpretation of study results, both estimated effect size and estimated precision are necessary ingredients...

..By analyses of health care utilization data in West and East Germany, we explored potential reasons for mortality differences between these regions...

..5 to 2.6 vs sibling control subjects), and we observed no trend for cumulative measures of exposure. We did not corroborate our previous results that showed an increased risk of uveal melanoma among regular mobile phone users...

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..To illustrate basic issues that have to be taken into account when study results are presented by means of the number needed to treat (NNT)...

..The aim of this study was to provide nationwide quantitative information about the in-hospital management of skin cancer patients in Germany based on the DRG statistic of the years 2005 through 2006...

..5) air pollution may accelerate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the associations of long-term residential exposure to traffic and fine particulate matter with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis...

..Here we report the effect of various classifications of self-reported history of undescended testis and different data sources on the estimates of the risk of testicular cancer from a case-control study...

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..Cohort effects differed by gender and anatomical site indicating that the circumstances leading to increasing site-specific incidences may have come into effect earlier for some sites than those for other sites...

..During 1995-1999, the age-standardised incidence rates (world standard population) of BCC and SCC were 43.7 and 11.2 per 100000 among men and 31.7 and 4.4 per 100000 among women...

..Mortality analyses based on routine death certification provide a rough guide to the magnitude of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) mortality...

..Rates for men were 35-40% higher than for women after adjusting for age. The risk for carcinomas, malignant carcinoids and malignant lymphoma were higher for men than for women...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that testicular and other genital cancers have a common familial component that may be due to genetic and shared exogenous factors such as estrogen exposure during fetal development...

..In the 1990s, about 30% of all newly diagnosed skin melanoma had stage T3 or T4, implying that further improvement in survival by earlier detection is feasible...

..NCAM and VCAM-1 expression was not related to metastasis. Our results show that the loss of ICAM-1 expression is associated with an increased risk of metastasis within the first 5 years after diagnosis...

..To investigate potential risk factors of uveal melanoma, including phenotypical characteristics, eye burns, social class, smoking and alcohol consumption...

..Two recent studies indicated that cooks may have an increased risk of uveal melanoma. Here we report findings of two German case-control studies regarding cooking and uveal melanoma risk...

..There is some evidence of an elevated risk for testicular cancer among firefighters...

..We examined time trends in melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin cancer mortality for the territory of West Germany including a population of about 66 million people...

..The clinical relevance of this observation is limited, as more predictive parameters have been described for uveal melanoma...

..This is the first study describing an association between radiofrequency radiation exposure and uveal melanoma. Several methodologic limitations prevent our results from providing clear evidence on the hypothesized association...

..This report presents population-based estimates of the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI), and Moenckeberg's medial calcinosis (MC) in Germany...

..To examine the association among phenotypic characteristics, chronic and intermittent ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and the risk of uveal melanoma...

..Studies with low response proportions may be less biased than studies with high response proportions if the nondifferential misclassification error in a dichotomous exposure increases by recruitment wave...

..This report describes the prevalence of visual disturbances and potential determinants based on the German National Health Examination Survey from 1998...

..Three hundred and three letters (98.2%) were returned as undeliverable. The return rates only slightly differed by layout of the envelopes, region and deliverer...

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..We aim to examine the relationship between the long-term residential exposure to traffic and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..Smoking cessation is a key issue in preventive medicine, but quantitative data on its benefit for the coronary arteries are sparse...

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..Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Biologic pathways for this association are not fully understood...

..The aim of this cross-sectional study is to provide information on subsite-specific densities of melanocytic nevi by age, sex, and in relation to the history of severe sunburns...

..The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence rates of mental disorders in normal-weight individuals and obese individuals with and without weight loss treatment...

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..The rationale of serial CAC quantification is discussed in this article.The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study will contribute to the appraisal of new imaging modalities in risk stratification...

..In a population-based case-control study, we examined the association of testicular cancer and electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the workplace...

..Further, a variety of risk factors are actively evaluated, including markers of the activity of atherosclerotic disease, thrombogenic risk, and genetic polymorphisms...

..1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 107). This explorative study suggests an association between certain occupational exposures and SBC, but some of these associations could be attributable to chance. All findings should be regarded as tentative...

..This study aims to evaluate these findings and to identify new associations...

..We evaluated the sex related cardiovascular risk stratification based on quantification of subclinical atherosclerosis and inflammation...

..Acknowledging these different perspectives might help reduce the confusion associated with the meaning and usefulness of the metabolic syndrome...

..Yet, the fact that risks for men below the age of 40 years were slightly increased in both exposure models deserves further attention...

..We sought to study the association between occupational sun exposure and mycosis fungoides (MF), a peripheral T-cell lymphoma...

..Therefore, we examined the relationship between coronary artery calcification as a sign of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, socio-economic status and established cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy population...

..Females working in the paper and pulp industries may also be exposed to carcinogens of relevance to MF...

..We studied the association of CAC with ECG abnormalities in a general population without myocardial infarction or revascularization...

..The aim of this hospital-based case-control study was to assess the association between OSA and extracranial artery disease (EAD) as well as peripheral artery disease (PAD) in stroke survivors adjusting for potential confounders...

..It was our aim to establish reference CAC scores in a population-based unselected European cohort...