M Ludwig

..An infertility-linked risk is highly probable for the observed findings. A technique-related risk, however, cannot be ruled out...

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..Using this technique, there is an opportunity for couples who have an increased risk of transmitting severe genetic disorders to their offspring to reduce this risk by >95%. By doing PGD, abortions at a later stage can be avoided...

..The patient was treated with gosereline acetate for six months (Zoladex). Control radiographs showed complete regression of the pulmonary lesions and the patient is symptom free at 36 months after diagnosis...

..There is an ongoing debate as to whether the outcome of ICSI is affected by the origin of sperm used or by the severity of male factor infertility...

..In the 2 mg group, the plasma concentrations fell to below limits of quantification in 8/9 samples on the day of ET. In 26 out of 27 FF samples cetrorelix was detectable in the 3 mg single dose group (median level: 0.69 ng/ml)...

..The development of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues and more recently the use of GnRH antagonists has helped to improve ovarian stimulation protocols by optimizing their efficacy, and making them easier to administer...

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..Therefore, there are more infertility related problems than those related to technique. Finally, however, a risk related to the technique itself cannot be excluded completely by currently available data...

..e. high-resolution ultrasound with measurement of nuchal translucency at the end of the first trimester, and detailed fetal evaluation at 18-22 weeks of gestation...

..To summarize data from completed phase II and III clinical trials on children born after controlled ovarian stimulation using the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix...

..Bilateral salpingectomy was performed, because of bilateral haematosalpinx and previously described bilateral tubal occlusion. The further pregnancy was uncomplicated...

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..The pregnancy continued uneventfully and a healthy child was delivered at term. The problems, which lead to the misdiagnosis are discussed. The problem of rare cases in medicine, and the problems of a 'modern' medicine are discussed...

..50 +/- 8.75 ng/mL) (P < 0.02). A strongly positive correlation with the progression of the menstrual cycle could be seen (r = 0.91). The physiological significance of higher luteal phase leptin levels is unknown...

..The data on the success of ICSI, the known data on the newborn and developing children and the decisions of the medical services of the German statutory health insurance bodies are presented in discussed in this paper...

..The patient was stimulated according to the long luteal protocol. Cases of arterial and venous thrombosis as a result of ovarian stimulations are reviewed...

..Because of these contradictions, legislation is required to clarify the legal status of PGD in Germany...

..26%). The Cetrorelix multiple dose protocol is advantageous compared to the long protocol regarding the incidence of OHSS, a potentially life threatening complication of controlled ovarian stimulation...

..CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the daily cetrorelix dose from 0.25 to 0.5 mg might decrease the number of premature LH surges. Soft stimulation protocols with clomiphene should be used cautiously...

..Body weight does not influence the outcome of treatment in cetrorelix cycles...

..CONCLUSION: Progesterone only for luteal phase support leads to the same clinical ongoing pregnancy rate as hCG, but has no impact on the comfort of the patient...

..An increased incidence of pregnancy complications following assisted reproduction has been reported. The use of uterine artery Doppler ultrasound may aid the prediction of such complications...

..The estradiol serum level did not predict success. In conclusion, this method of endometrial preparation is comfortable for patients and monitoring is unnecessary...

..05). Twenty patients familiar with the alternative preparation from a previous cycle also noted that Crinone 8% was easier to apply (P < 0.01) and less time consuming (P < 0.05) to use than Utrogest...

..The drop-out rate should be used as an important marker of quality control. The presented data give, for the first time, a good basis for this counselling procedure in Germany...

..Pronuclear scoring helps to identify good quality embryos already at the pronuclear stage. There are no data available, however, to demonstrate whether patients benefit from a higher pregnancy rate after pronuclear scoring...

..However, low birth weight and prematurity contributes to health care problems. An increase of neurological problems by IVF cannot be excluded. Further prospective studies on the neurological outcome are needed...

..Therefore, cryopreservation of pronucleate eggs with a higher developmental potential is possible. The total pregnancy rate could be raised from 28.0 to 35.5% per fresh transfer cycle...

..Several possibilities to explain this phenomenon are discussed...

..The aim was to compare the antenatal care and the intake of vitamins and medications of infertility patients with singleton pregnancies after ICSI to women with a spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancy...

..Suitable sustained delivery systems and the development of GnRH-antagonists with sufficient oral bioavailability, represent the present and future challenge for these efforts...

..Although transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrievals (OR) are performed routinely worldwide, there is very little systematic data about its complications...

..The objective was to examine the effect of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on premature infants, with special attention to any possible adverse effects on neonatal outcome...

..The treatment of choice is primarily medical, consisting of a combination of three or four anti-TB drugs, sometimes combined with surgery...

..In contrast to these diseases, acute primary orchitis is a rare event, mostly occurring as mumps orchitis, without standardised treatment guidelines...

..Given the correct indications, the recurrence rate of rUTI can be reduced by 95%...

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..This review will focus in detail on direct bacterial effects of sperm motility, the role of seminal leucocytes and the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the motility of spermatozoa...

..This is an important step towards further minimizing drug-related variability of ovarian response to FSH treatment...

..0025). An excess of ART conceptions and monozygotic twinning in OAVS is compatible with the concept of overripeness ovopathy as proposed by Jongbloet (Maandschr Kindergeneeskd 36:352-367, 1968)...

..Hence, support of corpus luteum function remains mandatory after ovarian stimulation for IVF with GnRH antagonist cotreatment...

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..e., the GnRH agonist long protocol. However, especially the effectiveness of these compounds will have to be clarified in the near future by carefully designed prospective, randomized studies...

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..To test whether environmental pollutants could affect fertility in humans...

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..However, its usefulness in daily clinical practice has not been proven, despite more than 30 years of use...

..No increase in discord or other difficulties within families has been recorded. Long-term follow-up of children born after ART to reproductive age and beyond is necessary...

..The paper discusses the questions on the basis of the currently available literature...

..These findings provide further molecular biological evidence for the formation and metabolism of neuroactive steroids in the human brain...

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..However, there are some limitations for all these follow-up studies, which have to be taken into account, when interpreting results. These are discussed in this commentary...

..If this is so, we must look for practicable methods to modify the protocols according to the individual patient, the embryonic developmental stage during transfer and other variables...

..This broadens the spectrum of indications for GnRH antagonists to sex hormone-dependent disorders like endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and gynecological cancers such as breast and ovarian cancer...

..Our observations further imply that recruitment of ClC-5 to alternative routes (plasma membrane or early endosomes) in the trans-Golgi network is mediated via different signal sequences...

..However, more data are necessary before evidence-based recommendations regarding LH supplementation in ovarian stimulation protocols can be given...

..In addition, loss of epigenetic control may expose hidden genetic variation...

..To report on our experience with intraamniotic injection of ethacridine lactate (EL) for second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) and to compare its effectiveness with vaginal PGE1 in this setting...

..Various genetic and developmental factors in infertile couples influencing the origin of such birth outcomes are assessed, and the significance of imprinting and its embryological roles are discussed...

..A long time to pregnancy with subsequent spontaneous pregnancy results in a similar risk profile as pregnancies following infertility treatment. This article discusses a possible pathogenetic model for these observations...

..Couples who have undergone at least six IVF cycles should be counseled to discontinue therapy. The treatment program should be as individualized as possible, with individual counseling that is adapted after each single treatment cycle...