Hartmut Lode

..In summary, levofloxacin was associated with a significantly higher bacteriological eradication rate but similar exacerbation-free interval in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation compared to clarithromycin...

..Local reactions for the 4 × dose, but not the 2 × dose, were statistically significantly higher than for the 1 × dose. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred...

..Overall, this study showed that gatifloxacin was equivalent clinically to a standard course of co-amoxiclav in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, and that gatifloxacin was safe and well-tolerated...

..Oral gatifloxacin 400 mg once-daily appeared to be a safe and effective alternative to clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia...

..No antibiotic, regardless of its potency, can free the clinician from keeping the difficult balance between individual undertreatment and general overtreatment...

..Gemifloxacin is one of the newest members of this class of antibiotics and has performed favourably in this indication...

..Especially the newer antibiotics Ertapenem, Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin and Telithromycin are discussed in detail...

..IV/PO moxifloxacin was evaluated in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)...

..The development of novel and effective alternative agents, such as tigecycline, is therefore important...

..The contribution of infections to the mortality of vasculitis patients is important and should induce early and careful control of these events...

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..The most recent studies covering these clinical indications are discussed...

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..This review addresses the impact of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive pathogens on clinical outcomes...

..This is also recognised in recent published national and international guidelines, many of which recommend ampicillin/sulbactam as first-line therapy for various respiratory and skin infections...

..We developed a prediction model for infection with gram-negative enteric bacteria (GNEB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

..The emergence and spread of resistance to commonly used antibiotics has challenged the management of CAP. Multiple sets of CAP guidelines have been published to address the continued changes in this complex disease...

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..Pulmonary aspergillomas are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. There are only very few data about non-surgical treatment in immunocompetent patients...

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..Moxifloxacin is currently under observation concerning QTc effects. Levofloxacin has no QTc prolongation and a very low phototoxic potential, making it one of the safest new fluoroquinolones...

..66. 9 +/- 14.2%, p = 0.0019). In contrast to prednisolone, neither MON nor PMN chemotaxis was suppressed by IL-10. In conclusion, IL-10 had only marginal immunosuppressive effects on the unspecific immunity compared to prednisolone...

..The importance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA) as an etiologic frequently polyresistant pathogen in severe nosocomial infections has increased...

..8. Pharmacokinetic parameters of clarithromycin and its metabolite, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, were similar to previously published data. Accumulation was found. No serious adverse events were observed with either study drug...

..Antimicrobial therapy should take into account the most recent guidelines, which are briefly presented in this review. A special consideration should be given to the preventive measures, including vaccination, oral care and nutrition...

..No dramatic superiority of the new drugs in comparison to the standard therapies was observed in most of the clinical trials. Better results on the efficacy of the drugs under investigation are expected...

..The appearance and circumstances of this nail disorder were consistent with the diagnosis of Beau's lines...

..209 and 0.273 log(10) CFU per ml of sputum per day, respectively. According to the data from our study, moxifloxacin exhibits an early bactericidal activity that is comparable to that of isoniazid...

..MRSA-infection in pulmonary medicine emerged as a problem mostly in patients with multimorbidity and severe underlying diseases. Change of resistance in strains and new strains were observed...

..No relationship could be found between the reduced percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in blood and serum concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha or other clinical parameters in patients with COPD exacerbation...

..01). Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid found in this study were similar to previously published data. No accumulation was found with co-amoxiclav. No serious adverse event was observed with the study drugs...

..The clinical observations of an increased risk of quinolone-induced tendinopathy by glucocorticoids are supported by these in vitro data...

..Numerous electron-dense inclusions in type III also indicate an increased macrophage activity that leads to an increased release of cytokines, which in turn can trigger an inflammatory reaction...

..These data indicate a high mortality of patients with tuberculosis requiring intensive care unit care and identifies new independently associated risk factors...

..33 h; and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC( infinity )), 6.79 microg. h/ml. Only simultaneous coadministration of calcium carbonate reduced C(max) (-17%) and AUC( infinity ) (-21%) significantly...

..An antibiotic therapy, also covering anaerobic pathogens, is the treatment of choice. In this study we compared moxifloxacin (MXF) and ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SUL) concerning efficacy and safety in the treatment of AP and PLA...

..Because of physiological changes in renal function and when certain co-morbidities are present, some special considerations are necessary when elderly patients are treated with these drugs...

..Additional factors that should also influence this decision are physicians' prior experience and the individual patient's circumstances...

..These effects were not so pronounced as to have any therapeutic influence, making dosage adjustment unnecessary...

..Because of physiological changes in renal function and in case of certain comorbidities, some special considerations are necessary when fluoroquinolones are used to treat elderly patients...

..The proportion of the pharmacy expenditures was rather small, and hence this is not a primary target for the realisation of major savings...

..The administration of linezolid mainly had an impact on the gram-positive bacteria and linezolid thus had an ecological profile different from that of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid...

..The five recently developed fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin) showed greater bioavailability, longer half-lives, and higher C(max)s than ciprofloxacin...

..However, for P. aeruginosa, the bactericidal activity of cepefime alone was higher than that of the combination with trovafloxacin...

..Our study indicates that IL-10 can behave as a de-activator as well as an activator on the non-specific immune system, depending on the cell type and the concentration...

..Accordingly, this paper focuses on the clinical trial data currently available...

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..The study aimed to determine if a single serological test within the first days of hospital admission may be relevant for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. pneumoniae...

..Ampicillin + sulbactam and clindamycin +/- cephalosporin were both well-tolerated and proved equally effective in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess...

..Temporal differential effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on the induction of resistance were observed and need to be investigated regarding their effect on co-colonizing pathogens...

..h/ml. Coadministration of ranitidine, reduced the C(max) (-25.7%) and AUC(0- infinity ) (-15.8%) significantly. Sucralfate had no impact on the bioavailability of ABT-773...

..Trovafloxacin was sufficiently separated from endogenous compounds. Results of validation are given. The method was applied successfully to a study of healthy volunteers...

..Despite a large and necrotizing infiltration of the right lower lobe, the clinical course was uneventful with complete recovery...

..complicated urinary tract infections and enteritis caused by invasive multidrug-resistant pathogens (e.g. Salmonella, Shigella)...

..The increased binding of smoker AM to endothelial cells could be inhibited by treating the HUVEC with a mAB against ICAM-1. The mAB anti-CD18 reduced O2- release from smoker AM by 42 +/- 5% after 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..g. recurrent severe hemoptysis, empyema or broncho-pleural fistula...

..The picture of pneumonia acquired out of hospital is continually changing. Microbial aetiology as well as predisposing factors, course and prognosis of this disease were prospectively analysed over a period of 10 years...

..Our data indicate that the increased expression of LeuCAM on AM in subjects with SA and IPF seems to be involved in the increased O2- production of these cells in both diseases...

..In summary, sparfloxacin proved an effective and safe alternative antituberculosis drug for complicated tuberculosis...

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..CONCLUSION: For travellers and immigrants from Southeast Asia presenting smouldering infiltrations of the upper lobes, one should include Melioidosis in the differential diagnosis...

..In some cases it may be necessary to continue steroid treatment over long periods, even years, to bring the pulmonary changes of CEP under control...

..Comparison of HPLC results with results obtained using a quantitative microbiological assay yielded acceptable agreement both for serum and urine. The method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study with human volunteers...

..CONCLUSIONS: Systemic steroids did not influence the AB-response. In all groups mean AB-concentration increased significantly after vaccination but an important percentage of subjects of all three groups were non-responders...

..Systemic steroids did not influence the antibody response towards the MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. We found that the strains included in the vaccine showed varying long-term immunogenicity...

..We report on cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PcP) (n = 1921) without associated AIDS in a chest hospital...