Thomas Dorner

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..These results suggest a role of antigen-activated and selected B cells in the local autoimmune process in SS...

..This review will focus on recent findings of the role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis and the implications to target B cells in this disease...

..Identification of the mechanisms that influence the IgV gene and B-cell repertoire may allow new therapeutic approaches in autoimmunity...

..The nature of the influences that lead to disordered selection in pSS remains to be determined, but should provide important clues to the etiology of this autoimmune inflammatory disorder...

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..How these differentiation pathways relate to each other, how cells are selected into these memory populations, and how these populations are maintained remains enigmatic...

..The patient had received a wrought titanium 6-aluminium 4-vanadium alloy C cage implant 1.5 years previously, following a severe disc prolapse. No signs of rheumatic disease were evident before the C cage was implanted...

..Based on preclinical and clinical data, B cells have emerged increasingly as both effector cells as well as cells with immunoregulatory potential...

..This study reviews therapeutic approaches of direct and indirect B-cell targeting in autoimmune diseases and their impact on protective immunity...

..However, given the lack of robust data from large randomised controlled trials, anti-CD20 therapy should be considered on an individual basis in otherwise refractory patients and its use based on a risk/benefit net calculation...

..As such, multicenter controlled studies are being conducted in broader patient populations...

..Current knowledge about the involved autoantibody-autoantigen systems, including recent therapeutic concepts of these autoimmune syndromes, is summarized...

..Potential therapeutic targets, such as blockade of the B cell-activating factor, the role of interferon-alpha, and targeting CD22, are discussed...

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..The enhanced and abnormal mutational activity along with disturbances in selection may play a role in the emergence of autoreactivity in this patient with SLE...

..The current diagnostic relevance and therapeutic consequences of these parameters will be discussed...

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..Together, these analyses have provided new insights on the role of B cell over-reactivity in SLE...

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..These results suggest that after the fate decision to differentiate into secondary memory B cells or PCs, some committed precursors continue to proliferate and mutate their V(H) genes...

..Focusing on CD27- B cells, this study aimed to identify abnormalities in peripheral B cell subsets in patients with SLE...

..These data suggest that a population of mucosal B cells is self-sufficient in adult humans and not replenished by CD20(+) B cells immigrating from blood, lymphoid tissue, or bone marrow, that is, B cells depleted by rituximab...

..Quantitative or qualitative differences in previously undefined PADI4 variants between patients and controls could not be demonstrated...

..Thus, the spleen plays a fundamental role in controlling peripheral memory B cell homeostasis in both AITP and HD and regulates activated CD95+ B cells in patients with AITP...

..Therefore, potential effects of epratuzumab on adhesion molecule expression and the migration of B-cells have been evaluated...

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..Thus, long-lived plasma cells appear to be a promising new therapeutic target...

..To assess whether abnormal chemokine receptor expression and/or abnormal responsiveness to the cognate ligands might underlie some of the disturbances in B cell homeostasis characteristic of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS)...

..To delineate disturbances in peripheral B cell memory in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS)...

..B cell targeted therapies in human trials include an anti-B lymphocyte stimulator protein agent, belimumab; an anti-CD20 agent, rituximab; and an anti-CD22 antibody, epratuzumab...

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..However, the settings for both FACS analysis and RT-PCR should be re-evaluated for each distinct subpopulation and target mRNA of interest when analyzing post-thawed cells...

..Their selective targeting will depend on a molecular understanding of their lifestyle...

..This study was undertaken to determine whether mutational acquisition in individual B cell receptors in repopulating class-switched and non-class-switched memory B cells is affected by rituximab...

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..This Review will focus on the risk of lymphoma, common and disease-specific mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma development, and on the clinical consequences of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases...

..The involvement of cytokines in other autoimmune diseases was also addressed...

..Systemic vaccination does not impact on peripheral IgA(+) plasmablast numbers, indicating that mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses are regulated independent of each other...

..Reduced numbers of blood DCs and the accumulation of DCs at inflammatory sites have been observed in SLE. One crucial feature of DCs is their ability to migrate...

..In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Fc receptors and levels of circulating immune cells (including B cells and natural killer cells) may be relevant markers...

..It is possible that preferential accumulation of CD27+ memory B cells in the inflamed parotid gland explains their reduction in the peripheral blood...

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..These findings add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this autoimmune inflammatory disorder and may result in new therapeutic approaches...

..However, differences between patients with RA and patients with SLE point toward a disease-specific regulation of receptor expression. These differences may influence the migrational behavior of B cells...

..This promoter variant was associated with very high BAFF levels in ITP patients. Our data suggest that BAFF is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of ITP...

..Here, we discuss the potential involvement of long-lived plasma cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and the consequences it has for the development of effective therapeutic strategies...

..Such personalized, patient-tailored therapy is still not a reality in rheumatology practice. However, several important steps have recently been made towards achievement of this important goal...

..Thus, B cells may be potential targets of direct or indirect treatment in pSS...

..Because of the fact that heparin has both anticoagulative and anti-inflammatory effects, the current study evaluated the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in unexplained abortions...

..81, p<0.0001) and ELISA (r=0.73, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The new particle gel agglutination test is a sensitive and specific immunoassay. It is a simple test procedure that might be well suited as a rapid screening method...

..DNA sequencing confirmed a variation of codons 44 and 45 (AGG AAG-->AGA GAG) and codon 50 (CCA-->CCG), resulting in an amino acid substitution Lys-->Glu at codon 45...

..The presentations at the Symposium resulted in productive discussions regarding potential new targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders...

..Although it remains to be shown which of those could be targets for therapy or biomarkers, lymphocyte-directed therapy is currently under promising clinical investigation...

..Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) still remains a laboratory challenge due to the great diversity of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and their significance regarding APS-diagnostic criteria...

..e., HIV) have managed to develop specific evasion strategies to escape it. Thus, coevolution provides us with some insight into just how substantial antiviral antibodies and memory B cell are in protecting the host from virus infection...

..This review highlights recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease as well as their implications for clinical handling and therapeutic options...

..Because disordered selection leads to considerable differences in the B cell repertoire in these patients, the delineation of its nature should provide important further clues to the pathogenesis of this autoimmune inflammatory disorder...

..Here, we discuss recent data of a temporary B cell depletion using a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody in the therapeutic arsenal of rheumatoid arthritis...

..3%). Logistic regression analysis confirmed FSAP Marburg I to be an independent risk factor for VTE (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-10.0) and idiopathic VTE (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0-18.9)...

..There are few reports of T cell lymphoma in primary SS. The occurrence of a T cell lymphoma in a patient with PBC and secondary SS indicates the necessity to investigate lymphoma in patients with secondary SS...

..In immunomagnetic selection of CD34+ cells from HPC transplants, not all factors that affect yield and purity of CD34+ cells are known...

..We hypothesized that the activity of DP IV in serum and expression of CD26/DP IV in lymphocytes may be altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...

..Thus, the newly found allele is estimated to have a low alloreactive potential in case of a mismatch to the most common HLA-B allele B*5501...

..Weak ABO variants may escape tests using unlicensed sera...

..Most importantly, IgA appears to play an important role in the treatment of CVID. Patients with IgA anaphylactoid reactions can be treated safely with IgA containing i.v. IgG preparations following tolerance induction...

..The results indicate that rFVIIa may help in the emergency treatment of patients with ITP who do not respond to other therapies...

..The true incidence of alloimmune hemolytic anemias including neonatal immune hemolytic anemias is unknown. The paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is rare. It is caused by complement activation due to aquired membrane defects...

..Allele-specific DNA sequencing confirmed a 286 T-->A substitution resulting in Phe67Ile...

..The first one leads to the exchange from arginine to leucine at position 82, and the latter one from glycine to arginine at position 83...

..Finally, current and partly experimental therapeutic strategies of immune hemolytic anemias are summarized...

..Blood donation does not decrease the level of water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin deficiencies occur in apparently healthy first-time as well as in repeat blood donors and can be prevented by vitamin supplementation...

..Here, we report on a novel allele human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*240215. This allele differs from HLA-A*240201 by a synonymous nucleotide exchange at nucleotide 255 in exon 2...

..HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) genotype, both of which have been implicated in anti-CCP generation, are assumed to be associated with RA...

..A relationship with oral or intramuscular drug administration is unknown. Here, we describe a patient who apparently tolerated oral diclofenac but developed severe IHA following intramuscular injection of the drug...

..The presence of contaminating tumor cells in PBPC harvests of patients with germ-cell tumors seems to predict a poor overall and event-free survival in patients undergoing HDCT and autologous PBPC reinfusion...

..Antibodies to immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are thought to be frequently responsible for anaphylactic reactions in transfusion medicine, but practical tests for the detection of antibodies to IgA are not yet available...

..This finding correlates with increased Ad capping at the cell surface and suggests an alteration of Ad trafficking...

..DNA sequencing confirmed a variation of codon 180 (CTG-->GAC) resulting in an amino acid substitution Leu156Asp...

..This pilot study was undertaken to determine whether IA might help in secondary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis...

..5% and 98.4% (LAT-M) vs. 88.3% and 95.5% (AbScreen). These results indicate that a single ELISA does not invariably prove or exclude the presence of HLA antibodies, and that additional testing is required in some cases...

..CD34+ cells kept at RT for 48 h had the highest transmigration capacities, which paralleled an increased CXCR-4 expression. Cord blood should be stored at RT before CD34+ isolation and a storage time for 48 h should be preferred to 24 h...

..CONCLUSION: In our opinion, the ASCA is easy to perform and much more sensitive than the currently available antigen-specific assays for the detection of platelet antibodies...

..Based on these data, national regards are formulated or under construction...

..DQB1*0632 differs from DQB1*0603 by one nucleotide change in exon 2 resulting in the amino acid exchange Gly --> Arg...

..The results obtained by the new test were in accordance with those obtained by standard gel electrophoresis in all cases that have been tested to date...

..Similarly, CD47 was detectable in the plasma of the studied subjects. No evidence for a pathogenetic role of CD47 in autoimmune haemolysis or thrombocytopenia in humans could be demonstrated...

..Furthermore, our identification of plasma cells in areas of T cell-B cell interaction in kidneys suggests that components of a T cell-driven B cell activation process may take place in peripheral tissues in SLE...

..The cProteasomes represent novel sensitive markers of the autoimmune inflammatory processes and/or reflect the magnitude of cellular damage...

..Of note, our findings suggest that this B-CLL had developed from the patient's CA-producing B-cell population...

..The longitudinal observation of a single patient up to 27 months shows subtle intraindividual changes, which may indicate repertoire modulation...

..The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on pathogenesis of miscarriage in APS and the impact of different antithrombotic therapy strategies...

..As demonstrated by the introduction of the new targeted therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis, solid insights into the pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome may pave the way toward new therapeutic approaches...