Jenny Chang-Claude

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..We assessed the association between coffee consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a large population-based study (2,818 cases and 3,111 controls), overall, and stratified by ER tumour subtypes...

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..We hypothesized that polymorphisms encoding reduced or absent activity in the GSTs might result in greater risk for radiation-associated toxicity...

..The previously reported R620W single-nucleotide polymorphism was identified using logistic regression, but the haplotype-based methods did not provide any precise location information...

..While it yielded a much lower power, Yu's measure had 80% power around the disease locus...

..Our results indicate that the MDM2 SNP309 is not significantly associated with lung carcinogenesis but point towards gender-specific differences...

..Early menarche and late menopause are important risk factors for breast cancer, but their effects on breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers are unknown...

..We evaluated the association of six polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes: XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln), APE1 (Asp148Glu), and XPD (Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn), with the risk of acute skin reactions following radiotherapy...

..The long-term observation of vegetarians in affluent countries can provide insight into the relative effects of a vegetarian diet and lifestyle factors on mortality...

..We explore the use of a Bayes Model Averaging approach as an alternative to analyze the influence of genetic variants, environmental effects and their interactions on disease...

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..In conclusion, the TP53 72Pro variant may be associated with the development of acute skin toxicity after radiotherapy in patients with normal weight. Large clinical studies are needed to clearly confirm this association...

..The study objective was to evaluate whether DNA repair data determined in vitro are correlated with the occurrence of acute side effects during radiotherapy...

..37; 95% CI, 0.98-5.76). The score statistic yielded an empirical P of 0.03 of the haplotype-specific test for 626C-683C based on 20,000 simulations, suggesting that DR4 626C-683C may affect colorectal cancer predisposition...

..Additional investigation of a common SULT1A1 genetic polymorphism associated with reduced enzyme activity and stability might therefore provide deeper insight into the modification of breast cancer susceptibility...

..Effect modification by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH]D), the biomarker for vitamin D status in humans, has rarely been examined...

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..Although none of them showed a significant association with CRC, the association of BLM P868L with rectal cancer risk requires further investigation...

..However, the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may modify the protective effect of postmenopausal hormone use on the development of CRC...

..Genetic polymorphisms in GST genes (GSTP1 Ile105Val, copy-number variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1) that lead to diminished enzyme activity have been associated with increased chemotherapeutic treatment benefit in colorectal cancer patients...

..To confirm these observations and to eliminate possible bias in our analyses, larger studies are warranted...

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..Our results provide evidence for a serum 25(OH)D-independent effect of Gc2 allele carrier status in postmenopausal breast cancer...

..However, our results provide evidence that CRC subsets may be affected. If confirmed, this knowledge may be used to assess individual susceptibility and to target potential measures of cancer prevention...

..We assessed the association of TP53 Arg72Pro and p53PIN3 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and their possible interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use...

..Our study further revealed a modulating effect by nutritional factors...

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..10 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.17, P = .001). Among the combined subset of 2795 familial breast cancer patients, the respective ORs were 1.27 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.45, P = .0003) and 1.16 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.27, P = .001)...

..To identify prognostic factors for the development of late toxicity after radiotherapy, we conducted a prospective study of breast cancer patients...

..Dietary lignans are metabolized to enterolignans, which are subsequently absorbed and become bioavailable...

..Among men, this regimen may be almost as effective as colonoscopy, at least at previous performance levels of colonoscopy...

..Epidemiologic studies that examined whether lignans, the most important class of phytoestrogens in the Western diet, protect against breast cancer have yielded inconsistent results...

..Higher levels of estrogen have been reported among young nulliparous women with the A2 allele. Therefore we assessed the impact of CYP17 genotypes on the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, with emphasis on parity...

..None of the SNPs reached statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Common SNPs in the fatty acid synthase pathway are not major contributors to prostate cancer risk...

..Furthermore, the methods are based on distinct assumptions (such as Hardy Weinberg equilibrium). The haplotype-based methods were also compared to single-marker logistic regression (LR)...

..The predictive value of DNA damage-induced XPC levels as a possible biomarker for radiosensitivity has to be further investigated...

..83-1.18). Results of this exploratory study provide first evidence that polymorphisms in genes related to estrogen transport and signaling may modify MHT-associated CRC risk but warrant replication in an independent population...

..We wanted to study if these polymorphisms or any haplotypes of the IGF1 and the IGFBP3 genes are associated with CRC...

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..82, 95% CI = 0.70, 0.95, P = 0.01) as well as among smokers (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.90, P = 0.003). Yet, our data do not support the previously reported associations of HPGD tagSNPs and risk of CRC...

..29). No statistically significant interaction between the 2 nutrients was observed. Our data support a protective effect of dietary vitamin D on premenopausal breast cancer risk independent of dietary calcium intake...

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..03-12.15) and for women exposed to >23 pack-years of spousal smoking (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 0.99-9.28). Our findings do not indicate a major impact of ETS on CRC risk but suggest that risk may be increased following spousal exposure...

..The study prevalence of cycling and walking for transportation demonstrated that national habits need consideration in the exposure assessment...

..We observed no statistically significant association between the SNPs in the PRKAs genes and BC risk and BMI after correction for multiple testing...

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..On the whole, our results indicate that waist circumference and WHR, but not hip circumference, are associated with SHBG and SHBG-related sex hormones (free estradiol and free testosterone) independently of BMI...

..The objectives of this study were to describe PA behaviour in the course of breast cancer and to identify factors associated with change in PA...

..Differential and non-differential genotyping errors were introduced following a misclassification model with varying mean error rates per locus in the range of 0.2% to 15.6%...

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..However, the degree of protection achievable in a population setting with high-quality colonoscopy resources remains to be quantified...

..More comprehensive analyses including late effects of radiotherapy and repair kinetics optimized for different radiation-induced DNA lesions are warranted...

..Other observed associations suggest that neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-3 alone acts as mediator. Consideration of menopausal status may help disentangle carcinogenic pathways involving IGF proteins...

..Nevertheless, many women in Germany are insufficiently physically active. Activity promotion programmes should target women in particular need. Thus, we examined subject-related determinants of PA for postmenopausal women in Germany...

..05, case-only model). Our findings support a protective effect of vitamin D for premenopausal breast cancer...

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..58), and reasonable for year of examination (kappa = 0.70). Self-reports of previous colorectal endoscopies agreed well with medical records, but validation appears to be essential with respect to details of the examination...

..Summary evidence including independent datasets indicated moderate effects in CYBA and TXN that warrant confirmation in large independent studies...

..Dietary patterns have been inconsistently associated with breast cancer risk. We assessed dietary patterns in association with postmenopausal breast cancer risk using an exploratory approach...

..23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.45; p = 0.02 and OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05-1.67; p = 0.02, respectively). Our results support a role of variants in inflammatory pathway genes in CRC susceptibility and progression...

..The effect of environmental/lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk may be modified by genetic predisposition...

..Genetic variation contributing to radiosensitivity should be screened on a broader basis using newly developed, more comprehensive approaches such as genome-wide association studies...

..This study supports the hypothesis that smoking for a long duration at a high cumulative dose increases the risk for colorectal cancer, particularly among women, and suggests that there is risk reduction after longterm smoking cessation...

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..We aimed to assess the risk of CRC according to time since negative colonoscopy, overall, and by sex, smoking, and family history of CRC, in a large population-based case-control study...

..However, we showed a non-significant increased risk of familial CRC for both variants (OR=1.40 and 1.45), indicating a possible role of ARLTS1 in familial CRC...

..The overall evidence together with other studies supports an inverse association between higher serum enterolactone levels and postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..In conclusion, the association between adult weight gain and postmenopausal breast cancer risk is heterogeneous according to ER/PR status and stronger for ER(+)PR(+) than for ER(-)PR(-) tumors...

..Thus, the analysis of G x E appears to be an attractive option for the detection of weak genetic main effects of rare variants that may not be detectable in the analysis of genetic marginal effects only...

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..The risk of CRC increased significantly with an increasing number of risk alleles in seven genes involved in MAPK signalling events (P(trend) = 2.2 x 10(-16), OR(per allele) = 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.61)...

..However, study findings have been inconsistent and sample sizes often small...

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..66, 95% CI = 1.14-11.76, P < 0.05). Since modified Wnt signaling and down-regulation of frizzled-related proteins have been observed in many human cancers, this variant may also affect the susceptibility to other cancers...

..This result gives support to the potential role of mammalian lignans for breast cancer prevention among premenopausal women in Western populations...

..8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7). This study strengthens the hypothesis of a causal relation between active and passive smoke exposures and breast cancer risk...

..On the other hand, we found that two SNPs in FASN were associated with BMI...

..The median interviewing time was 10 min. Overall, this short questionnaire appears to be a useful and valid tool to distinguish between high and low levels of women's physical activity in the distant past...

..Whereas previous evidence is mainly based on observations of adenoma recurrence, we aimed to assess risk of CRC occurrence according to time since polypectomy...

..Simulations showed that the performance of HSS is hampered by closely spaced SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with the functional variant and by ambiguous haplotypes...

..Power to detect gene x gene interaction was compared to unconditional logistic regression. The results suggest that the Mantel statistics might be more powerful than alternative tests...

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..Adequately powered prospective investigations designed specifically for pharmacogenetics are needed...

..048) but neither size nor grading of tumor in this study. Our data suggest that inheritance of the integrin beta3 Leu33Pro polymorphism may increase the breast cancer risk by age 45 in the German population...

..Our data suggest that inheritance of an intronic polymorphism in the p53 gene increases breast cancer risk appreciably in women by the age of 50 years with a family history of breast cancer in the German population...

..02-1.13) and 1.16 (95% c.i.: 1.08-1.25), respectively; P(trend) = 2.8 x 10(-5)). These results demonstrate that common breast cancer susceptibility alleles with small effects on risk can be identified, given sufficiently powerful studies...

..Women homozygous for A2 allele benefit most from high plasma enterolactone concentrations and a high consumption of dietary precursors...

..If confirmed, the results have important implications for the use of x-ray imaging in young BRCA1/2 carriers...

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..Because mammary gland cells divide and differentiate during pregnancy, reproductive factors may influence breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers differently than they do in noncarriers...

..However, duration of use, especially before first full-term pregnancy, may be associated with an increasing risk of breast cancer among both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers...

..They also indicate that no single gene is likely to account for a large fraction of the familial aggregation of breast cancer that is not due to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2...

..0-1.5). The haplotype analysis supported these findings, especially for subgroups with high smoking intensity. In summary, we identified MMP1 to be associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, which was modified by smoking...