Borwin Bandelow

..The association between separation anxiety in childhood and actual separation experiences during childhood has not yet been investigated in patients with panic disorder...

..For social phobia, SSRIs are recommended for the first line, and MAOIs, moclobemide and benzodiazepines as second line. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is best treated with SSRIs or clomipramine...

..The purpose of this study was to compare sertraline and paroxetine in the acute treatment of panic disorder...

..At the same time, the aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise with a treatment of well-documented efficacy...

..Cortisol elevations seem to be more pronounced during the night and occurred mainly in more severely ill panic patients...

..The new Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (P & A) is a useful tool for measuring treatment efficacy in panic disorder trials...

..Increased cortisol levels have been associated with altered HPA function due to stress. The authors examined salivary cortisol levels in spontaneously occurring, unprovoked panic attacks...

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..According to existing studies, a combination of pharmacologic treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy can be recommended...

..Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the medication of first choice in anxiety disorders and comorbid depression...

..We also sought to compare the standardized effect sizes of escitalopram for these 4 psychiatric disorders...

..Our results argue against a major role of Rgs7 gene variants in the pathogenesis of PD, but are consistent with a minor gender-specific effect on PD, particularly PDAgP...

..Childhood traumatic experiences, rearing styles, familial mental disorders and birth risk factors have been associated with the development of social anxiety disorder...

..Our data provide further support for an important role of ADORA2A variants in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and anxious personality reflecting their potential as basic susceptibility factors...

..Regular aerobic exercise (running) has been shown to be superior to a pill placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Combined drug and exercise treatment has not been investigated in randomized controlled studies to date...

..In conclusion, our results demonstrate that effective treatment of panic disorder has divergent effects on the psychological, neuroendocrine and temperature responses to ipsapirone...

..Earlier studies on the influence of pregnancy and postpartum period on the course of panic disorder have been inconsistent. The present study aims to quantify panic manifestations in these periods in large sample of women...

..Characteristic cognitive and behavioural domains, representing severity are not incorporated in the existing scales. Results with the novel quantification inventory for somatoform syndromes (QUISS) are presented in this paper...

..The present data support the hypothesis that the etiology of BPD is multifactorial and that familial psychiatric disorders and sexual abuse are contributing factors...

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..Patients with the ll genotype of the serotonin transporter gene displayed lower baseline tryptophan levels compared to patients with the heterozygous genotype. Results suggest an impaired serotonergic function in alcohol-addicted males...

..9) were not rated highly effective by the patients. Among psychological treatments, patients were more satisfied with behavioural/cognitive therapy (2.6) than with psychodynamic therapies (1.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..We performed a meta-analysis, which only included studies using a direct comparison of pharmacological, psychological, or combined treatments...

..An understanding of the neurobiology of BPD may help in developing new treatments for patients with this severe disorder...

..This randomized double-blind multicenter trial evaluated the effects of olanzapine vs. clozapine on subjective well-being, quality of life (QOL) and clinical outcome...

..8%, 150 mg, 5.0%; placebo, 1.8%; and paroxetine, 8.4%. Once-daily quetiapine XR is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment for patients with GAD, with symptom improvement seen as early as day 4...

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..0195), respectively, was observed. The present results provide further support for a potentially male-specific role of the less active ACE I allele in the pathogenesis of panic disorder, possibly by altering substance P levels...

..Owing to the retrospective nature of the data, the results have to be interpreted with caution...

..Escitalopram was significantly more effective compared to placebo in treating both anxiety symptoms and the entire depression in the total depressive population, as well as in depressive patients with a high degree of anxiety...

..Response rates vary among the trials and appear to be lower than in non-comorbid axis-I disorders. A treatment algorithm is presented...

..This result indicates that a deterioration of sleep after drug withdrawal is not apparent during a few days but may last for longer periods in some patients and is modified by marked night-to-night variations...

..No life-threatening adverse event occurred. The adverse event profile reflected the pharmacological properties of zolpidem and underlined the cumulative good experience with the drug internationally...

..Previously existing symptoms almost always include depressive moods or avoidance behavior. Stressful life events and other psychosocial stressful factors may also point the way to the early diagnosis of an anxiety disorder...

..Data on basal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenomedullary (HPA) function over controlled treatment trials with serotonergic drugs in anxiety disorders are still rare...

..01), with little change in the extent of transient tritanopia. The same tendency at a lower significance level was found in 15 psychiatric patients under chronic treatment with depot neuroleptics...

..Early detection and treatment of an anxiety disorder can prevent the condition from becoming chronic and may also obviate the need for unnecessary repeated diagnostic measures and treatments...

..The goal of this study was to identify adverse effects of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine on liver function and lipid metabolism...

..A previously reported genetic association (Arinami et al., 1996) was not confirmed by the present study...

..Panic patients were shown to have a decreased endurance capacity which can be raised by training. Endurance training based on spiroergometric results gives rise to clinical improvement...

..However, in order to allow for conclusive evaluation of the present finding and to exclude a false positive result, further studies in larger, independent, preferably family based samples are warranted...

..Clinicians may consider the use of pregabalin in lieu of benzodiazepines as an alternative therapy for their patients with GAD...

..01 and 0.03). This points towards a functional polymorphism at the 3' end of the gene. Our results support the hypothesis that variations of the Rgs2 gene play a role also for the development of anxiety in humans...

..These results are interpreted on the basis of hypotheses about depressive syndromes in schizophrenia...

..01 %). Although the methodological accuracy of these findings has to be critically discussed these data could be of considerable clinical relevance and should be helpful in making clinical treatment decisions...

..An overview of neuroimaging investigations in anxiety disorders is given after a brief summary of results from healthy volunteers. Concluding implications for future research are made by the authors...

..No differences were found between patients treated with low versus high potency neuroleptics and between oral versus depot neuroleptics. However, depression correlated with extrapyramidal symptoms...

..Several clinical studies suggest antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of regular aerobic exercise...

..The prevention of smoking during challenge sessions might not be the ideal approach in heavy smokers, since sudden abstinence from smoking is likely to affect neurobiological and possibly psychological responses to ipsapirone...

..It has been argued that measurement of outcome in panic disorder should not be limited to monitoring the number of panic attacks, but should include all domains that affect patient quality of life...

..Further research is warranted on the contributions of both treatment components to effectiveness and on the efficacy and safety issues of long-term use...

..001, multiple regression analysis). Raised plasma levels of homocysteine are associated with hippocampal (brain) atrophy in alcoholism...

..Long-term efficacy and ease of use are important considerations in treatment selection, as maintenance treatment is recommended for at least 12-24 months, and in some cases, indefinitely...

..The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments...

..Treatment gains after a 12-week course of CBT may be maintained for up to 1 year. Currently, no guidelines exist for the long-term treatment of GAD...

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..In light of the chronicity and disability associated with social phobia, as well as the high relapse rate after short-term therapy, it is recommended that effective treatment be continued for at least 12 months...

..Further, pharmacotherapy for a minimum of 1-2 years is recommended before very gradual withdrawal may be considered...

..Only SSRIs have been proven effective and safe in long-term randomized controlled trials. Current guidelines from the Expert Consensus Panel for PTSD recommend treatment of chronic PTSD for a minimum of 12-24 months...

..88 and .86, respectively. The Turkish version of the P&A has yielded good psychometric properties and was found to be a reliable instrument for assessing severity in panic disorder...

..These data suggest that polymorphisms in the AVPR1B and the CRHR1 genes alter the susceptibility to panic disorder...