The social epidemiology of substance useSandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Epidemiol Rev 26:36-52. 2004
- Social determinants and the health of drug users: socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10029 5293, USA
Public Health Rep 117:S135-45. 2002
..This article reviews the evidence on the adverse health consequences of low socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration among drug users...
- Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: an epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers
Rafael Gabriel
Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
Eur Psychiatry 22:339-46. 2007
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- Multilevel community-based intervention to increase access to sterile syringes among injection drug users through pharmacy sales in New York City
Crystal M Fuller
Harlem Community and Academic Partnership at the Center for Urban Epidemiological Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Am J Public Health 97:117-24. 2007
..We developed a community-based participatory research partnership to determine whether a multilevel intervention would increase sterile syringe access through a new policy allowing nonprescription syringe sales in pharmacies...
- Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users
Jennifer Ahern
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 88:188-96. 2007
..The association of stigma and discrimination with poor health among drug users suggests the need for debate on the relative risks and benefits of stigma and discrimination in this context...
- Fear of terrorism and preparedness in New York City 2 years after the attacks: implications for disaster planning and research
Joseph A Boscarino
Center for Health Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
J Public Health Manag Pract 12:505-13. 2006
..To help improve disaster planning and research, we studied psychosocial predictors of terrorism fear and preparedness among New York City residents after the World Trade Center disaster (WTCD)...
- Internet-based intervention for mental health and substance use problems in disaster-affected populations: a pilot feasibility study
Kenneth J Ruggiero
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Behav Ther 37:190-205. 2006
..The intervention consisted of 7 modules: posttraumatic stress/panic, depression, generalized anxiety, alcohol use, marijuana use, drug use, and cigarette use. Feasibility data were promising and suggest the need for further evaluation...
- Social context and the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress
Sandro Galea
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1214 S University, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:231-41. 2006
..An example of our own work illustrates the feasibility of the population-based sampling approach...
- Community reentry: perceptions of people with substance use problems returning home from New York City jails
Juliana van Olphen
Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, HSS 312, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
J Urban Health 83:372-81. 2006
..We discuss the implications of these findings for programs and policies that promote community reintegration of individuals returning from correctional facilities...
- The urban environment and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men
Victoria Frye
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
J Urban Health 83:308-24. 2006
..Conceptualizing sexual risk among MSM to include social and physical environmental characteristics provides a basis for generating novel and holistic disease prevention and health promotion interventions...
- Probable cigarette dependence, PTSD, and depression after an urban disaster: results from a population survey of New York City residents 4 months after September 11, 2001
Arijit Nandi
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, USA
Psychiatry 68:299-310. 2005
..3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.027). This study showed the co-occurrence of probable cigarette dependence with increased cigarette use and the co-occurrence of probable cigarette dependence with probable PTSD and depression after September 11...
- What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City?
Arijit Nandi
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Soc Sci Med 63:662-74. 2006
..Implications of these findings for the reduction of drug overdose mortality associated with the distribution of income are discussed...
- Social factors associated with AIDS and SARS
Don C Des Jarlais
Beth Israel Medical Center, 160 Water Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10038, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 11:1767-9. 2005
..We conducted a survey of 928 New York City area residents to assess knowledge and worry about AIDS and SARS. Specific sociodemographic groups of persons were more likely to be less informed and more worried about contracting the diseases...
- Social determinants of the health of urban populations: methodologic considerations
Danielle C Ompad
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, USA
J Urban Health 84:i42-53. 2007
..However, our focus will be on some of the more vulnerable urban populations who are most profoundly affected by SDH...
- Defining neighborhood boundaries for urban health research
Linda Weiss
Office of Special Populations, New York, New York 10029, USA
Am J Prev Med 32:S154-9. 2007
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- Estimating co-occurring behavioral trajectories within a neighborhood context: a case study of multivariate transition models for clustered data
Magdalena Cerda
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
Am J Epidemiol 168:1190-203. 2008
..These models can prove instrumental in answering the persistent questions about possible sequential relations among problem behaviors...
- Parental symptoms of common mental disorders and children's social, motor, and language development in sub-Saharan Africa
Craig Hadley
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta 30322M, USA
Ann Hum Biol 35:259-75. 2008
..Yet, little is known about the impact of household and caretaker variables in influencing developmental outcomes in rural, developing country settings...
- The role of neighborhood environment and risk of intimate partner femicide in a large urban area
Victoria Frye
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
Am J Public Health 98:1473-9. 2008
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- Understanding the health of populations and of individuals
Sandro Galea
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Addiction 103:1063-4; discussion 1067-8. 2008
- Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status
Jennifer Stuber
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Soc Sci Med 67:420-30. 2008
..These findings suggest important points of leverage to harness the powerful role of stigma in the smoking epidemic and raise concerns about the possible role of stigma in the production of smoking disparities...
- Do neighborhood economic characteristics, racial composition, and residential stability predict perceptions of stress associated with the physical and social environment? Findings from a multilevel analysis in Detroit
Amy J Schulz
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 2029, USA
J Urban Health 85:642-61. 2008
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- "Culture of drinking" and individual problems with alcohol use
Jennifer Ahern
Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720 7358, USA
Am J Epidemiol 167:1041-9. 2008
..Analyses that consider social and structural factors that shape harmful drinking may inform efforts targeting the problematic aspects of alcohol consumption...
- Sampling and recruitment in multilevel studies among marginalized urban populations: the IMPACT studies
Danielle C Ompad
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029 5283, USA
J Urban Health 85:268-80. 2008
..quot; We describe the organization and rationale for the IMPACT Studies in New York City as a case illustration on how such issues may be addressed...
- Trajectory and socioeconomic predictors of depression in a prospective study of residents of New York City
John R Beard
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
Ann Epidemiol 18:235-43. 2008
..We monitored symptoms of depression and assessed the factors associated with changing symptoms of depression in a population-based cohort over a 30 month period...
- What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress
George A Bonanno
Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
J Consult Clin Psychol 75:671-82. 2007
..Implications for future research and intervention are discussed...
- Identifying injection drug users at risk of nonfatal overdose
Phillip O Coffin
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Acad Emerg Med 14:616-23. 2007
..The authors evaluated associations between individual-level risk factors and experiencing an overdose in the past six months to determine which characteristics and behaviors may be most predictive of overdose...
- Period and birth-cohort effects on age of first phencyclidine (PCP) use among drug users in New York City, 1960 to 2000
Whitney K Bryant
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Ann Epidemiol 16:266-72. 2006
..The aim of the study is to determine period and birth-cohort effects in the early initiation of phencyclidine (PCP) use in drug users in New York City (NYC)...
- Health status among emergency department patients approximately one year after consecutive disasters in New York City
William George Fernandez
Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Acad Emerg Med 12:958-64. 2005
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- Drugs and firearm deaths in New York City, 1990-1998
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
J Urban Health 79:70-86. 2002
..These results suggest a complex role of drugs in firearm-related deaths...
- Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among New York City residents six months after the September 11 terrorist attacks
David Vlahov
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, Room 556, 1216 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10029 5283, USA
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 30:385-407. 2004
..These results suggest that the increase in substance use after a disaster may be a cause for public health concern in the long-term...
- For the patient. Does discrimination affect the mental health of substance abusers?
Thomas Minior
Ethn Dis 13:549-50. 2003
- Racial differences in discrimination experiences and responses among minority substance users
Thomas Minior
Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
Ethn Dis 13:521-7. 2003
..These differences may help explain racial and ethnic differences in health among marginalized populations, and identify avenues for effective, targeted intervention...
- Racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality trends in New York City, 1990-1998
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 5283, USA
J Urban Health 80:201-11. 2003
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- Drug overdose: new insights, innovative surveillance, and promising interventions
Sandro Galea
Center of Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-5283, USA
J Urban Health 80:186-8. 2003
- Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98
Phillip O Coffin
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York 10029, USA
Addiction 98:739-47. 2003
..CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that interventions to prevent accidental overdose mortality should address the use of drugs such as heroin, cocaine and alcohol in combination...
- Income distribution and risk of fatal drug overdose in New York City neighborhoods
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York 10024, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 70:139-48. 2003
..Disinvestment in social and economic resources in unequal neighborhoods may explain this association. Public health interventions related to overdose risk should pay particular attention to highly unequal neighborhoods...
- Urbanization, urbanicity, and health
David Vlahov
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-5293, USA
J Urban Health 79:S1-S12. 2002
..g., ecology, epidemiology, sociology). Cross-national research may provide insights about the key features of cities and how urbanization influences population health...
- Development of a "survival" guide for substance users in Harlem, New York City
Stephanie H Factor
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York 10029 5293, USA
Health Educ Behav 29:312-25. 2002
..Substance users continue to shape the guide through ongoing art workshops. Dissemination and evaluation of the guide will continue to involve substance users, community service providers, and academics...
- Club drug use among minority substance users in New York City
Danielle C Ompad
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
J Psychoactive Drugs 36:397-9. 2004
..3% Hispanics and 56.4% of Blacks reported a lifetime history of club drug use. PCP was the most commonly reported club drug used among all racial/ethnic groups. Further investigation of club drug use in minority populations is warranted...
- Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population after mass terrorist incidents: considerations about the nature of exposure
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
CNS Spectr 10:107-15. 2005
..Future research should consider mechanisms through which persons in the general population may be at risk for PTSD after such incidents...
- Urban health: evidence, challenges, and directions
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10029, USA
Annu Rev Public Health 26:341-65. 2005
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- Ecstasy use and its association with sexual behaviors among drug users in New York City
Roberto A Novoa
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
J Community Health 30:331-43. 2005
..This study suggests that ecstasy use may be more prevalent among urban drug users. Ecstasy use in urban settings, beyond clubs and raves, should continue to be monitored...
- Interpersonal discrimination and the health of illicit drug users
Michael Young
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 31:371-91. 2005
..Discrimination may contribute to poor mental and physical health in this marginalized population, potentially complicating the provision of substance abuse treatment...
- Association of sex, hygiene and drug equipment sharing with hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City
Chanelle J Howe
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 79:389-95. 2005
..While no evidence was found for HCV transmission through NIDU equipment sharing or sexual risk behavior, further research is still warranted...
- Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Drug Alcohol Rev 24:127-36. 2005
..g. collective efficacy, the built environment) may be associated with drug use and misuse, summarize the existing empiric literature that substantiates elements of this framework, and identify potential directions for future research...
- Ecstasy use among Hispanic and black substance users in New York City
Danielle C Ompad
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
Subst Use Misuse 40:1399-407. 2005
..These findings are limited to persons who use other drugs, but suggest that further investigation of ecstasy use in minority populations is warranted...
- Social and psychological resources and health outcomes after the World Trade Center disaster
Richard E Adams
Division of Health and Science Policy, The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029-5293, USA
Soc Sci Med 62:176-88. 2006
..We discuss these findings relative to community disasters in industrialized and developing countries...
- Alcohol use in New York after the terrorist attacks: a study of the effects of psychological trauma on drinking behavior
Joseph A Boscarino
Division of Health and Science Policy, Room 552, The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029 5293, United States
Addict Behav 31:606-21. 2006
..Our study suggests that exposure to psychological trauma may be associated with increases in problem drinking long after exposure and deserves further investigation...
- Challenges in understanding disparities in drug use and its consequences
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
J Urban Health 82:iii5-12. 2005
..Each of these challenges is discussed, and suggestions offered for future research that may help overcome them...
- Drug and alcohol use as determinants of New York City homicide trends from 1990 to 1998
A Kenneth J Tardiff
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY 10021, USA
J Forensic Sci 50:470-4. 2005
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- Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use
Crystal M Fuller
Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiologic Research, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, 4th Floor, Room R422, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Public Health 95:689-95. 2005
..We investigated individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use...
- Access to resources for substance users in Harlem, New York City: service provider and client perspectives
Sandro Galea
Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York 10029 5293, USA
Health Educ Behav 29:296-311. 2002
..The authors also discuss survey results and how the URC will use these results to develop interventions...
