Yves Levy

..We did a randomised study to compare safety and efficacy of antiviral treatment alone or combined with various interleukin-2 regimens in HIV-1-infected patients...

..Several lines of evidence suggest that the immune system may control HIV-1 replication, but that it could fail in the long term. Strategies aimed to elicit specific immune responses may enable patients to contain virus replication...

..The randomized ANRS 093 aimed at investigating whether a therapeutic immunization was effective in containing the long-term viral replication following discontinuation of antiretroviral drugs in patients...

..Altogether, these results demonstrate that IL-17-producing NKT are associated with the pathogenesis of SIV in RMs and suggest that TGF-beta and IL-18 play a role in their development...

..Therefore, patients may benefit from intermittent therapy with IL-7 in combination with c-ART...

..Treatment interruption is safe in patients treated early after primary HIV infection. On the basis of this pilot study, HIV immunizations and interleukin-2 appear to have no supplementary benefit...

..CD4 T cell responses specific to the diphtheria-derived carrier protein CRM(197) were evaluated...

..These results may have implications both in physiology and for cell manipulation because they demonstrate a tight regulation of the fate of human progenitors by Notch signaling...

..However, the insufficient increase in the proportion and/or the decrease in the absolute number of Tregs result in a failure to control immune activation following TI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00118677...

..Finally, in a genetic association study performed in three different cohorts, we identified a CD39 gene polymorphism that was associated with down-modulated CD39 expression and a slower progression to AIDS...

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..Thus, in the setting of a healthy immune system, Treg cells fine-tune the memory/effector cell balance and promote the accumulation of long-living memory cells in case of strong stimulation...

..The prognosis of these patients remain poor despite HAART. These observations suggest that the vascular inflammatory process persists despite the control of viral load under HAART in patients with persistent immunosuppression...

..Altogether, these data demonstrate that Nef interferes with the differentiation of a primitive lymphoid human precursor with a T/NK potential...

..In clinical terms, this might allow patients to delay or to stop antiviral therapy and to minimize the duration of the exposition to antiviral drugs...

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..The median (range) maraviroc concentration in plasma was 347 ng/ml (123-2678). Four patients had CSF concentrations above the protein-adjusted inhibitory concentration (IC90) of 0.57 ng/ml (0.06-10.7) with a median of 102 ng/ml (35-173)...

..Taken together, our results suggest that persistence of HIV antigens might trigger the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which might induce a tolerance to HIV in vivo...

..This may account for the decline in PMN numbers that occurs during primary SIV infection in pathogenic SIV infection and may have important implications for subsequent viral replication and disease progression...

..Deciphering the immune responses to MVA in culture experiments will help in the design of innovative vaccine strategies...

..RFXANK deficiency is a severe, often fatal CID for which HSCT is the only curative treatment. However, some patients may survive for relatively long periods if multiple prophylactic measures are implemented...

..Although no data in human are still available, recent studies provide arguments to assess this cytokine in HIV infection. Phase I studies are ongoing or planned...

..These patients were treated successfully with topical 5% imiquimod. Imiquimod treatment also appeared to delay the time to recurrence of HSV lesions...

..01). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of antiviral drugs and IL-2 induced a greater expansion and function of CD4 T cells than antiretroviral drugs alone...

..The present study, the first GWAS of HIV-1 nonprogressors, underscores the potential for some HLA genes to control disease progression soon after infection...

..The Notch pathway plays a key role in cell fate choices and in T-cell development. The goal of our study was to evaluate whether a short in vitro stimulation of the Notch pathway may alter human progenitor cell behavior...

..Because of its pleiotropic effects on developing and mature T cells, interleukin-7 may help to restore immune function during HIV infection...

..The mutation L76V may be considered in further studies of lopinavir resistance...

..The discovery of genetic factors that predispose individuals to rapid progression to AIDS should also reveal new insights into the molecular etiology of the pathology...

..Bay 50-4798 was generally well tolerated across the dose range tested, but a lack of potent, sustained immunologic activity suggests that further optimization of dose and schedule will be necessary...

..Collectively, our results suggest that beyond its well-characterized function in T-cells, the CD4 silencer also regulates CD4 gene expression in human lymphoid non-T-cells...