R Mahieux

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..We have recently demonstrated that Tax1 and Tax2 display different subcellular localization and that residues 90-100 are critical for this process. We investigate in the present report, whether Tax2 also possesses a functional NES...

..Enthrallingly, HTLV-1 Tax expression also targets the functions of the centrosome, and this event is correlated with centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and transformation...

..The complete p19 sequence reveals amino acid changes at critical positions. This is the first report of an African STLV-1 virus leading to an STLV-2-like serological profile in its host...

..Furthermore, molecular characterization of their viral transactivator Tax is ongoing in order to look for possible oncogenic properties...

..These data suggest that in Central Africa, this frequent and specific Western blot is not caused by HTLV-1 infection but could instead be associated with P. falciparum infection...

..In particular, the possible oncogenic properties of their viral transactivator Tax is being investigated, as well as their modes of transmission and their possible association with human diseases...

..The antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 was then cleaved, converting it to a Bax-like death effector. These results demonstrated that arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in HTLV-1- and -2-infected cells through activation of the caspase pathway...

..Such drugs have now been used in vivo for treating ATLL patients. Both in vitro and in vivo data will be discussed...

..anubis, corroborates the hypothesis of cross-species transmissions of STLV-1 in the wild. Further, phylogenetic analyses indicate that the known HTLV-1 strains do not share a common origin with nonhuman primates STLV in South Africa...

..Due to the quasi-identity of both human and monkey viruses, interspecies transmission episodes leading to such a clade may have occurred recently...

..The squirrel monkey, which is naturally free of simian T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma virus, thus appears to be a suitable model for evaluating HTLV-I candidate vaccines and for studying the pathogenesis of HTLV-I...

..While geographical subtypes vary from 2 to 8% between themselves, HTLV-I quasi-species present within an individual appear to be much lower, with a variability of < 0.5%...

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..These results were different from those for the 2 previously reported HTLV-3 strains, raising questions about serological confirmation of infection with such retroviruses...

..g., the slave trade from Africa to the New World...

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..Such data help to make a phylogenetic atlas of HTLV-II among Amerindian tribes and are crucial to gain new insights into the origin and modes of dissemination of this human retrovirus in the Americas...

..This suggests the possible occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders among HTLV-3-infected populations...

..Finally, we show a high correlation between intracellular localization of Tax and their NF-kappaB or CREB transactivating ability...

..Given the similarities between the functional domains of CBP and p300, these results are intriguing and suggest that Tax-2B must bind the CR2 domain of CBP, but not that of p300 in order to repress p53...

..Our data strongly suggest for the first time that NRP is a critical adaptor that regulates the assembly of TAX1BP1 and post-translationally modified forms of Tax1, leading to sustained NF-kappaB activation...

..Specifically leukernogeneic or neurotrophic strains are unlikely to exist. However, despite this genetic stability, there are molecular variants related to the geographical origin of the virus...

..Taken together, our results demonstrate that, contrary to a number of other haematological malignancies, MYB expression is not required for PEL cell proliferation. Repressing MYB expression also helps in maintaining the virus in latency...

..The survival rate of ATLL patients, especially those who develop the acute leukemic or lymphomas forms, is very poor, and such clonal malignant CD4 expansion remains one of the most severe lymphoproliferations...

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..TSP/HAM can be associated with other HTLV-1 associated symptoms (uveitis, myositis, infective dermatitis). Therapy of TSP/HAM remains disappointing and symptomatic treatment remains still the mainstay of therapy...

..Such imbalances may underlie a proportion of somatic and germline point mutations and shape to some extent the evolution of mammalian and viral genomes...

..Thus, although HTLV-1 DNA can indeed be edited by at least four APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in vitro, they are conspicuously absent in vivo...

..Viral particles are visible by electron microscopy. These particles are infectious, as demonstrated by infection experiments with purified virions...

..This clone will give us a unique opportunity to study in vitro the different pX transcripts and the putative presence of antisense transcripts and to evaluate the PTLV-3 pathogenicity in vivo...

..Such treatments may be useful to reduce the risk of HAM/TSP in asymptomatic carriers with a high PVL...

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..035 microm inhibits activated, but not basal transcription, as well as HTLV-1 infected cells. Collectively, the role of cyclin E/cdk2 in HTLV-1 infected cells and its involvement in RNA Pol II phosphorylation is discussed...

..Thus, ubiquitylation and sumoylation of the same residues of Tax regulate 2 essential steps controlling NF-kappaB activation, demonstrating how these posttranslational modifications can cooperate to promote Tax-induced transformation...

..Several quinolines were synthesized and evaluated against HTLV-1 infected cells. Some of them were able to inhibit HTLV-1 cell-growth at 10 microM. Some structure-activity relationships were observed...

..Therefore, we propose a model whereby Tax targets Rb to the proteasome by acting as a molecular bridge bringing Rb into contact with the proteasome for degradation...

..Our data indicated that HTLV-1 developed a strategy based on the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the infected cell; this could have tremendous implications for new therapeutic strategies...

..cruzi, Leishmania infantum, L. amazonensis, Plasmodium falciparum). Then, they were evaluated in vitro (at 10 microM), against HTLV-1 transformed cells. A few of them displayed interesting activities, comparable to the reference drugs...

..Altogether, these results demonstrate that although HTLV-3 and HTLV-1 have only 60% identity, Tax3Pyl43 is functionally closely related to the transforming protein Tax1 and suggest that HTLV-3, like HTLV-1, might be pathogenic in vivo...

..The in vitro activity of the new quinones against Leishmania amazonensis and human-T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is reported...

..Our results provide the first experimental evidence that Tax inhibits transcription-dependent and independent functions of p53...

..Further studies will be needed to determine the effective role of these cytokines and other immune system modulators in the control of viral replication during primary HTLV-1 infection or latency...