F Damond

..The new version performed significantly better than the original regarding the detection of subtype B, allowing the detection of 14 out of 36 plasma RNAs in the subtype B-infected patients not detected with the original version...

..Proviral load did not correlate with plasma HIV-2 RNA positivity. As HIV-2 is considered to replicate less efficiently than HIV-1, these high proviral loads might be explained by the proliferation of infected cells...

..14 log(10), whereas it was 3.1 log(10) for the 16 patients with AIDS (P < 0.01). Proviral DNA was detectable in 18 symptom-free patients with high CD4(+)-cell counts, in whom viral RNA was undetectable...

..We investigated the in vitro phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 isolates from integrase inhibitor (INI)-naive patients to INIs and its relation to HIV-2 integrase gene polymorphism...

..The study of HIV-1 group O susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs revealed that the viruses tested had specific phenotypic characteristics contrasting with the group M phenotypic expression...

..LiPA is suitable for detecting mixed populations and easy to implement in clinical laboratories and might be useful for epidemiological surveys of primary HIV-1 resistance...

..This could partly explain the double HIV-1 and HIV-2 reactive profiles found in countries where HIV-2 subtype B is prevalent...

..The performance of the new test was significantly improved, and the majority of the underquantitation observed with the first-version test was eliminated...

..A major advance from the last year is the access to antiretroviral in resources limited countries. On the other hand, the development of a vaccine is today hypothetic...

..Substitutions selected under treatment were observed at positions corresponding to HIV-1 resistance mutations as well as at positions of currently unknown impact on HIV-1...

..To characterize the immune changes after treatment of acute HIV-1 infection with triple nucleoside analogue therapy...

..5 and with COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 assays. Mean values were 4.2 and 2.9 log(10) copies/ml, respectively, showing the lack of agreement between the two assays...

..Methods: Pregnant women monoinfected with HIV-2 or HIV-1 and their infants enrolled in the prospective, national, multicenter French Perinatal Cohort between 1986 and 2007...

..Development of a validated HIV-2 viral load assay that accurately quantifies distinct circulating strains is needed...

..Comparison of amino acid sequences and serotype reactivities demonstrated the importance of positions 309 and 314, located on either side of the tip of the V3 loop, in antibody binding...

..Salvage therapy was initiated with good clinical response...

..We also tested 88 plasma samples from patients infected with HIV-1 group M (B-D [n = 7], A-CRF01 [n = 16], CRF02 [n = 49], and other strains [n = 16])...

..This study examined whether, in the context of a first-line abacavir/lamivudine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen, K65R might occur as a minority population where L74V was detected at virological failure...

..Addressing HIV-1 diversity, continual monitoring of HIV-1 RNA assays, together with molecular epidemiology studies, is required to improve the accuracy of all HIV RNA assays...

..1%, respectively. Most of these cases occurred in patients infected through heterosexual contact and originated from the corresponding endemic areas. Three cases of HIV-2 infections were reported in non-African men having sex with men...

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..Saquinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are potent against wild-type HIV-2 isolates and should be preferred as first-line options for HIV-2-infected patients. Other protease inhibitors are less active against HIV-2 than against HIV-1...

..We compared the changes over time in viro-immunological markers in HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected patients living in France during natural history and after initiation of the first combination antiretroviral therapy (CART)...

..03 to 0.70) and 7.0 (range, 1.4 to 145), respectively. At week 24, 2 of 8 and 13 of 14 patients in groups A and B, respectively, had <200 HIV RNA copies/ml of plasma, including 4 of 5 patients infected with APV-resistant viruses...

..Quantification varied between laboratories, and international standardization of quantification assays is strongly needed...

..This first quality control highlights the need for technical improvements of the assays to detect and quantify HIV in semen fractions and for regular evaluation of their performance...

..After adjusting for age and CD4 cell count, co-infection with GBV-C was not associated with clinical progression (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% CI 0.24-2.56, 16 clinical events)...

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..Differences in target cell populations, tissue distribution and replication characteristics between R5 and X4 viruses could explain the preferential suppression of X4 virus...

..In conclusion, the authors showed that the LCx kit allowed quantification of the large group M diversity and group O variants...

..Despite the high initial cost of acquiring the required cycling device, the per-sample cost of this real-time quantitative PCR assay for HIV-1 group O is low, making it suitable for use in endemic zones...

..It is recommended in case of AIDS, CDC group B symptoms or CD4 cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l...

..The single-strain lineages C to G and the 96FR12034 lineage identified here should be considered only as putative groups until related strains are identified that confirm circulation of these viruses in the human population...

..In these highly thymidine analogue pretreated patients, the selection of thymidine analogue mutations was low suggesting that the pathway to resistance is very different between these two viruses...

..Our results raise the question of the optimal regimen to recommend in HIV-2-infected patients...

..In addition, lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-2 were associated with lack of viral replication...

..Clinical relevance of these phenotypic susceptibility results needs to be evaluated in HIV-2 treated patients...

..This immunovirological discordance was due to failure of the viral load assay and infection by an unknown HIV-2 subtype. Treatment was probably suboptimal, leading to the selection of several resistance mutations and treatment failure...

..These primers amplify both HIV-2 subtypes A and B. The relevance of the follow-up of the infected patients by the quantification of the proviral DNA HIV-2 is currently studied...

..3% of group A or B samples; isolate H was not detected. This method allowed rapid and specific discrimination between HIV-2 groups A and B and could be a useful tool for molecular epidemiological studies...

..The results of the present study suggest that the P4P assay can be used for the extensive study of both neutralizing and enhancing activity in serum samples from HIV-1-infected patients and from vaccinated individuals...

..This method can be adapted to the local situation by including only probes that correspond to the prevalent strains...