M R Hussein

..This study attempted to test this hypothesis and to characterise TIL in the melanocytic skin lesions...

..This review provides insights into DCs status in the skin, and their roles in melanoma. It also sheds light on the possible use of DCs in melanoma therapy...

..To assess the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and touch imprint cytology (TIC) in the evaluation of azoospermia...

..In Egypt, the clinicopathologic features of skin cancer are still unknown...

..Bullous skin lesions are characterised by the presence of intraepidermal or subepidermal bullae. Although inflammatory cell infiltrate is a constant feature in these lesions, their immunophenotypic characterisation is still incomplete...

..Bcl-2 protooncogene alterations are involved in tumorigenesis and may have prognostic ramifications...

..Although this argument appears to be straightforward, it is still controversial. This review explores the components of this argument and provides supporting evidence for this hypothesis...

..In DMD/BMD, prednisone therapeutic effect was associated with reduced MICs and DCs numbers. Whether this therapeutic effect reflects targeting of the deleterious immune response produced by these cells mandates further investigations...

..Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, they may include its antioxidant and receptor-mediated effects. The clinical ramifications of these effects await further investigations...

..This review seeks to examine the present knowledge about TGF-beta receptor/SMAD signaling pathway and its related genes (SMADs, SKI, Filamin, endoglin, Follistatin, and other molecules) in melanomas...

..Phytic acid is an anti-neoplastic agent. We hypothesize that during mammary tumorigenesis, the administration of phytic acid is associated with biochemical changes including enhancement of apoptosis and inhibition of oxidative stress...

..In dysplastic urothelium (20 cases), it showed breaks in continuity. Conclusions: Alterations of FN and LN occur during the development of the bilharzial granuloma and urothelial transformation...

..To date, little is available in the literature about the interactions between TAMs and melanoma cells. This viewpoint not only tries to examine these interactions but also provides relevant speculations...

..Another key difference from the West is the 'sun-bed' culture of the West and the desire to have suntans. This is the first study that reports the clinicopathologic features of melanocytic skin lesions in Egypt...

..In roentgen-irradiated, melatonin-pretreated animals, these changes were markedly ameliorated. Thus administration of melatonin before irradiation can protect testis from some of the destructive effects of roentgen irradiation...

..07, P > 0.05) and between p53 and hMSH2 (r = -0.08, P > 0.05) protein expression. Alterations of the p53, BCL-2, and hMSH2 proteins occur during the development of these tumors...

..This study tries to test this hypothesis and to characterize MICs in these lesions...

..We hypothesized that hepatocarcinogeneis on top of chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) is associated with alterations in the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate (MICs) in response to altered antigenicity of the damaged hepatocytes...

..Mammary carcinogenesis is a multistep process entailing the transition from normal breast to benign proliferative breast disease (ductal hyperplasia) to ductal carcinoma in situ to infiltrating ductal carcinoma...

..This review seeks to examine the characteristics, activation and role of TILs and their associated molecules in melanomas...

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..The clinicopathological and immunologic features were discussed and the literature was reviewed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of this disease to be reported in Egypt in the human literature...

..Thus, the expression of KIT protein in normal human skin suggests its possible role in regulation of cutaneous development and function...

..Special staining and immunohistochemistry should be resorted to establish the diagnosis...

..Langerhans' cells (CD1a positive, bone marrow-derived cells), are the antigen presenting cells of the skin. Our knowledge about the status of these cells in eczematous dermatitis is incomplete...

..It also emphasizes that the correct diagnosis of these lesions is needed to avoid unnecessary surgery and radiotherapy...

..Immunostains for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, vascular (CD34 and CD31) and muscle markers (Desmin and smooth muscle actin) were negative. The diagnosis of cutaneous meningioma was established. A review of literature was presented...

..Moreover, 'stromal' cells represent the neoplastic cells of haemangioblastomas and are capable of forming blood islands with extramedullary haematopoiesis...

..This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding basidiomycosis, and discusses its diverse clinicopathological features, as well as distinguishing it from other diseases...

..The vascular nature of the lesion was supported by positive staining for CD31 and CD34. This study examines the clinicopathologic features of KS in children and summarizes the relevant literature...

..I hypothesize that the development of laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) involves alterations of tumor suppressor genes (p53) and protooncogenes (Bcl-2)...

..We hypothesized that mammary carcinogenesis involves interactions among p53, Bcl-2 and hMSh2 proteins. In the Upper Egypt, the clinicopathologic features and genetic changes during mammary carcinogenesis are unknown...

..The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of apoptosis-linked molecules (bcl-2 and p53) in these lesions...

..This review presents background information about the skin optics, UV radiation, and molecular events involved in photocarcinogenesis...

..These results provide a morphological evidence of potent angiogenic activity in cutaneous lichen planus, indicating that the local microvasculature may undergo an intense process of inflammation-dependent angiogenesis...

..Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease with underlying immune mechanisms...

..The ability of melatonin to minimize the injurious effects of XRI suggests a radioprotective role. The clinical ramifications of these observations warrant further studies...

..p53 alterations are common events in cancer and may have some prognostic ramifications...

..In Upper Egypt, the clinicopathologic and genetic changes during hepatocarcinogensis (cirrhotic nodules (CN); macroregenerative nodules (MRN) and dysplastic nodules (DN) are unknown...

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..To remedy this issue, this review seeks to provide a brief overview of p53 and discuss the genes targeted along its related pathways...

..This review seeks to examine melanoma tumorigenesis based on these genetic changes...

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..Further investigation will be needed to determine whether mutations such as these contribute to the development of microsatellite instability in melanoma...

..In the Upper Egypt, the clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics (p53 and Bcl-2) of the lymphoproliferative lesions (reactive hyperplasia, RH; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL and Hodgkin's disease, HD) is unknown...

..Further investigation will be needed to determine if apoptosis and ultrastructural atypia reflect underlying DNA damage and genomic instability induced by UVB...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our study reports a decreased CD1d protein production in normal human skin with ageing. The clinical ramifications of these observations mandate further investigations...

..The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (HPAF) cells have a multipotent stem cell potential. It was hypothesised that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) can induce transdifferentiation of these cells into cells with an endocrine phenotype...

..These findings suggest possible roles for Bcl-2 and Fas in glomerular injury during evolution of lupus nephritis. The diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic ramifications of our findings are open to further investigation...

..The protective effects include amelioration of germ-cell depletion and apoptotic changes. The clinical ramifications of these observations mandate further studies...

..Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which can bind and be activated by various ligands. It stimulates cell division and differentiation...

..CONCLUSION(S): Abnormal spermatogenesis is associated with increased numbers of the immune and mast cells. Our findings may reflect an exaggerated immune response in these cases...

..However, these issues should be tested by further studies...

..This review summarizes the state of current knowledge about the key molecular components and mechanisms of apoptosis in melanoma, discusses potential therapeutic ramifications, and provides directions for future research...

..To evaluate the effect of ischemia time on the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins on freshly fixed and cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissue...

..Although roentgen rays are widely used for both imaging and therapeutic purposes, our knowledge about the morphological changes associated with radiation enteritis is lacking...

..To conclude, Splendore-Hoeppli reaction is a tell tale of a spectrum of infections and reactive conditions. The molecular pathways involved in the development of this reaction are open for future investigations...

..It also presents the existing literature and assesses the gaps in our knowledge...

..To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to define both the MSI and MMR protein expression features of choroidal melanomas...

..Thus far, MSI is considered to be a distinct tumorigenic pathway that reveals surprising versatility. The ramifications for cutaneous neoplasms warrant further investigation...

..To conclude, the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is associated with alteration of the levels of some cytokines. The assessment of these immunologic changes may have potential prognostic roles...

..Further studies are necessary to support these finding and to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance...

..The clinicopathologic features and pathogenesis of the primary nasal meningioma is briefly discussed...

..Whether this improvement occurs through BMSC differentiation into cells operational in the repair process, the release of certain mediator or other unknown mechanisms mandates further investigations...

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..To conclude, the administration of Mel, RA and NS reduced the carcinogenic effects of DMBA, suggesting a protective role. The possible underlying mechanisms of these effects await further investigations...

..The differrence in the granuloma cell population between S. haematobium and S. mansoni may reflect different tissue reactions to the deposited ova...

..Cryopreservation injury is associated neither with significant alteration in the expression pattern of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins in the ovarian tissues nor with significant follicular damage...

..In this investigation, we hypothesize that high concentrations of retinoids can induce phenotypic changes (differentiation) and late apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro...

..These findings substantiate the notion that breast cancer progression is often associated with alterations of ER, PgR and HER-2/neu expression. The underlying mechanisms of these alterations are open for further investigation...

..Analysis of the expression pattern of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, their cognate receptors GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, and a common signal transduction element c-Ret in the human scalp skin...

..03). CONCLUSION(S): Transplantation of an intact frozen-thawed ovary is technically feasible. Using this approach, immediate restoration of vascular supply and ovarian hormonal functions is possible...