Peter Vestergaard

..Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and vitamin D insufficiency are common conditions that can occur in combination. However, low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) may also enhance the risk of PHPT or modify disease severity...

..Our objective was to study the association between fracture risk and the use of anxiolytics and sedatives (benzodiazepines, etc.), neuroleptics and antidepressants...

..None of the pain medications influenced bone mineral density or loss. NSAID were associated with an increased fracture risk...

..Prior studies have suggested that oral contraceptives (OCs) may be associated with an increased fracture risk. However, the previous studies have only performed a limited adjustment for other potential risk factors...

..To study the effect of morphine and opiates on fracture risk...

..It thus seems that the underlying disease for which the treatment is administered may be responsible for much of the increase in fracture risk rather than the drugs used to treat the disorder in question...

..In all cases, the changes in risk estimates were small and the clinical significance was limited...

..The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) alone or in combination with antiresorptive therapy on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk were studied...

..The objective of this study was to determine whether assessment of four grades of vertebral fracture severity could serve as a noninvasive surrogate marker for trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture...

..The main reason for the excess mortality was linked to the trauma that caused the hip fracture...

..Chronic lung diseases and drugs used to treat patients with chronic lung diseases may be associated with an increased fracture risk...

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..Cinacalcet decreases plasma calcium and plasma PTH levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid cancer...

..05). The deficit in BMD in patients with epilepsy is too small to explain the observed increase in fracture risk. The remainder of the increase in fracture risk may be linked to seizures...

..Despite the limited excess fracture risk, a relatively large percentage of all fractures may be attributable to corticosteroid use among users of corticosteroids...

..To study the fracture risk associated with the use of corticosteroids in any formulation and administration...

..We studied the association between fractures and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..Adjustment for further confounders did not change the results. Lithium treatment was associated with a decreased risk of fractures potentially pointing at bone anabolic properties...

..Low-dose levothyroxine was not associated with fracture risk. The effect of antithyroid drugs may be caused by the reduction in thyroid hormone levels...

..However, the increased risk of fractures with past use may suggest an effect of the condition for which the drug was prescribed rather than the drug per se (confounding by indication)...

..The finding may be spurious due to the "healthy user" effect, but a causal relationship cannot be excluded...

..In the interpretation, the effect of confounding by indication should be remembered; patients with depression may have an increased risk of fractures per se...

..OA seems to be associated with a decreased risk of fractures at multiple skeletal sites as well as sites far from the location of OA. This may indicate systemic effects on bone strength, especially in areas rich in cortical bone...

..However, PHPT can cause other complications that need special attention regarding prevention and treatment during follow-up...

..In the other case, cinacalcet controlled serum calcium during a prolonged time period despite metastases. However, increasing doses of cinacalcet combined with more frequent intravenous bisphosphonate were necessary...

..In a cohort study, we observed an increased risk also with the bisphosphonates. However, the increase was present already before the start of bisphosphonates pointing at an effect of the underlying condition...

..In conclusion, oral bisphosphonates do not seem to be associated with an excess risk of atrial fibrillation. Any excess risk seen in prior studies may be due to confounding from COPD...

..In a cohort study, we found no excess risk of stroke with raloxifene; whereas, an excess risk of stroke and fatal stroke was seen with alendronate and etidronate. However, the excess risks were small...

..To study fracture risk associated with use of systemic vitamin A analogue (isotretinoin and acitretin) treatment...

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..The fracture risk in hypertension may explain why antihypertensive drugs as a class effect are associated with a decreased risk of fractures. These drugs may counter some of the deleterious effects of high blood pressure...

..The incidence of hip fractures has been increasing throughout the world including the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to examine if there is a similar trend in Denmark...

..Hydrocortisone was not associated with an increase in the risk of fractures. It may take a year from last use of prednisolone/prednisone before fracture risk returns to that of the general population...

..Pain medication varied from no effect to an increased fracture risk...

..Few studies on the risk of fractures in patients with cancer exist, and little is known on the mechanisms of fractures in patients with cancer. We studied the risk of fracture in patients with various types of cancer...

..With the increasing long-term survival of patients with cancer, preventive measures against osteoporosis must be considered...

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..Little is known on fracture risk in young women using oral contraceptives...

..Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use may be associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, nothing is known about the risk associated with intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use...

..Therefore, patients with diabetes should receive treatment for osteoporosis in the same way as nondiabetic patients...

..An increased fracture risk has been reported in patients with epilepsy. Classical AEDs have been associated with decreased bone mineral density. The effects of newer AEDs are unknown...

..To study fracture risk and risk factors for fractures in patients with primary idiopathic hypothyroidism (ICD 10: E03.9)...

..In conclusion, smoking is a powerful risk factor for thyroid disease, especially in populations with a high smoking frequency. Oral contraceptive use is associated with a slightly lower frequency of Graves' disease...

..The aim of this study was to examine fracture risk in patients with pituitary disorders with special reference to GH deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia...

..To study if parathyroid surgery reduced fracture risk in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism...

..To assess fracture risk associated with smoking...

..To study fracture risk in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism...

..To study fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)...

..8, 95% CI: 4.7-29.3). In conclusion, fracture risk is significantly decreased in patients with acromegaly compared to controls probably due to an anabolic effect of growth hormone on bone...

..To study the effects of hormonal replacement on hot flushes, other symptoms linked to menopause, and blood pressure...

..58, 95% CI 0.47-0.73). No differences in fracture risk could be demonstrated between those who had and those who did not have surgery, taking age, gender, and previous fractures into account...

..The risk of MI decreased to a normal level after surgery, which may be important for preventing cardiovascular disease in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism...

..To examine the association between cumulative CS dose and risk of hip fracture...

..Upon normalization of the hyperthyroid state BMD return to normal even though no specific antiosteoporotic measures are taken other than normalizing the hyperthyroid state...

..Reduced bone mineral density is thus prevalent in these individuals and is compounded by age related bone loss, leading to the development of severe bone disease in some patients...

..To evaluate if fracture risk was increased in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to the increased endogenous cortisol production...

..Primary hyperparathyroidism may have started up to ten years before surgery, and the fracture risk is normalised after surgery...

..Further studies comparing several hip fracture preventive regimens are required in order to establish the most cost-effective strategy...

..To compare the number of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Denmark, with the number of subjects expected to have osteoporosis...

..To study whether fracture risk before and after surgery was increased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism...

..To study fracture risk and risk factors for fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism...

..In conclusion, changes at the commonly measured sites are discordant, and DXA of the forearm is less useful than DXA of the hip or spine in determining the overall skeletal response to therapy or assessing bone loss in untreated women...

..We undertook this study to examine recent trends in incidence and mortality in subjects with a hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or flutter in Denmark from 1980 to 1999 by sex, 10-year age group and conditions of comorbidity...

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..We examined the risk of atrial fibrillation among patients aged 20 to 89 years with hyperthyroidism diagnosed in hospitals in Denmark during a 20-year period...

..Physiologically, renal 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] production is stimulated by PTH and phosphate deprivation, and inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D itself and calcium...

..We estimated trends separately for each sex in unadjusted analyses. We also adjusted for age, comorbid conditions, and general trend in mortality in the background population...

..A total of 322 patients (51%) and 1169 controls (62%) returned the questionnaire...

..When applied to a separate population, the models performed poorly. CONCLUSIONS: Simple clinical and biochemical variables are not useful to predict spinal and femoral BMD in the individual perimenopausal woman...

..Aromatase inhibitors were associated with a significant increase in the risk of fractures. In women at high risk of fractures, supplementary measures, i.e., bisphosphonates, may be considered...

..To assess bone turnover both at the biochemical and organ level in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the effects of the thiazolidinediones...

..This points at an effect of the underlying condition being treated or comorbid conditions and drugs being provided in patients with osteoporosis, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids...

..We present a large kindred with the Y791F mutation in the RET proto-oncogene that did not have medullary thyroid carcinomas...

..More research is needed to determine if some analgesics are safer than others with respect to fracture risk...

..Traditionally, stimulation of calcitonin secretion with pentagastrin has been used. This may, however, cause significant discomfort for the patient. We studied whether measurements of basal calcitonin could replace the pentagastrin test...

..Most drugs seem safe in terms of affecting renal function. The aim should be to control calcium and vitamin D metabolism in patients with severely decreased renal function (GFR<30 ml/min) or on dialysis...

..Male sex, increasing age, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and heart valve disease were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients with hyperthyroidism...

..It is not known whether the consumption of caffeine is associated with excess risk of atrial fibrillation...

..The evidence for an association between alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation is conflicting...

..To assess the effects of surgery compared with conservative treatment (no surgery) for primary hyperparathyroidism...

..While selective serotonin receptor uptake inhibitors were associated with an increased fracture risk, tricyclic antidepressants and the group of other antidepressants were not systematically associated with fracture risk...

..To study bone mineral status, body composition, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)...

..7 years), atrial fibrillation or flutter developed in 553 subjects (372 men and 181 women). We found that the risk of atrial fibrillation increased substantially as body mass index increased in both men and women...

..Serum 25(OH)D levels on average were 54 nmol/l, were higher in women than men, and higher in Caucasians than in non-Caucasians. There was no trend in serum 25(OH)D level with latitude. Vitamin D deficiency was widespread...

..Follow-up densitometry in untreated women should be individually targeted from baseline BMD rather than scheduled at fixed time intervals. An algorithm for planning repeat densitometry in perimenopausal women is provided...

..Parathyroid tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and it is thought that circulating 1,25(OH)2D participate in the regulation of parathyroid cell proliferation, differentiation and secretion...

..Diabetes affects bone metabolism. The hypothesis was that type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) affects BMD and fracture risk differently...

..This may suggest an effect of the underlying disease rather than the drugs used...

..A high dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, exerts positive effects on BMD; but further studies are needed to confirm this association...

..To characterise women with no response or with a good response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), evaluated by change in bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Nested case-control study within a comprehensive cohort study...

..39-0.97) and the risk of forearm fractures (RR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69). We conclude that it is possible to reduce the number of forearm fractures in early postmenopausal women by the use of oestrogen as primary prevention...

..Loop diuretics (LD) increase renal calcium excretion. Discrepant results on associations between LD and fracture risk have been reported...