Dmitry V Kazakov

..At present, its significance is not completely clear. Until proved otherwise in future, we suggest to consider intravascular deposits in cutaneous apocrine mixed tumors as an innocuous phenomenon...

..A 120-bp METC1/MAML2 fusion transcript was identified by RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing technique. This t(11;19) translocation has been reported in approximately 50% of hidradenomas of the skin...

..A systematic analysis of the entire spectrum of various forms of differentiation and metaplastic epiphenomena in cutaneous apocrine mixed tumor (AMT) has never been performed...

..Three cases also manifested clear cell areas. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that myoepithelial proliferation and overgrowth accounted for the clear cell change in some of the lesions...

..Further reports are needed to identify these lesions to clarify their nature and biologic potential...

..Further studies are needed to confirm their seemingly benign course as identified in this report, as are further investigations to clarify their association with Muir-Torre syndrome...

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..No distinct lipid droplets or glycogen particles were identified. The basaloid cells were joined by scattered small desmosomes. These findings were consistent with trichilemmal differentiation at the bulb...

..Some of the epithelial structures were reminiscent of those seen in tubular apocrine adenoma; others resembled syringomatous elements. We interpreted this unusual lesion as a hamartoma of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit...

..Rare cases occurring in the sites normally devoid of apocrine glands may represent the eccrine counterpart...

..In addition, there were adenosis-like areas. This lesion extends the spectrum of changes seen in anogenital mammary-like glands...

..Hyalinized, fibrin-containing vessels typical for PHAT were absent. PHAT may be more aggressive than previously thought, and PHAT may encompass a morphological spectrum of the lesion ranging from benign to malignant...

..These nevi often show a morphological overlap, and ball-in-mitts and microalveolar structures found in various stages of their development seem to greatly account for this overlap...

..The rest of organoid nevus is usually recognized both clinically and microscopically, although large tumors may overgrow and mask the nevus. The tumor seems to be a low-grade carcinoma in terms of clinical behavior...

..These results coupled with those obtained from literature review suggest that HPV plays no causative role in lesions of anogenital MLG...

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..Clonality analysis performed in one case revealed a monoclonal pattern, suggesting that the lesion may be a neoplastic process rather than simple reactive hyperplasia...

..Because all 10 cases studied proved negative for EBV, HPV, and SV40, these viruses seem to play no causal role in LELC of the skin in patients from Central Europe...

..This conclusion is reached after analyzing the embryological development of the hair follicle, its normal histology and the morphology of cutaneous adnexal tumors with follicular differentiation...

..We conclude that some atypical cytoarchitectural features in apocrine mixed tumors, albeit worrisome, do not indicate a malignant change...

..All patients were women, whose ages ranged from 22 to 65 years (median, 32 years)...

..We conclude that hyperplasia of hair follicles and other adnexa can be seen not only in the condition currently known as PLF, but also in genuine cutaneous lymphomas and may be just a happenstance secondary to a basic pathologic process...

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..Even rarer is the amplification of the Her2/neu gene. Of note is the relatively low frequency of TP53 mutations despite a high rate of p53 protein expression at the immunohistochemical level...

..This study broadens the list of cutaneous adnexal tumors harboring CTNNB1 mutations and extends the listing of the mutations occurring in these neoplasms...

..Its association with the benign counterpart and ductal changes suggests a transformation that may involve usual ductal hyperplasia-atypical ductal hyperplasia-(ductal) adenocarcinoma in situ-invasive adenocarcinoma pathway...

..In one area, there were over 20 sebaceous lobules that were partly connected to a sebaceous duct. To our knowledge, similar changes in ectopic sebaceous glands in the uterine cervix have not been reported till date...

..We present a case of multiple vulvar syringomas, some of which extended unusually deep into the dermis occasioning histopathologic resemblance to microcystic adnexal carcinoma. The pertinent literature is discussed...

..This will enable their recognition, precise classification and should introduce greater uniformity in how they are reported in the literature so that more meaningful clinicopathological comparisons and correlations may be made...

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..We also reviewed 24 cases of MAC in our files, but in none of the cases were similar features observed, indicating that such histopathological findings are rare in MAC...

..Considering our 5 patients with no mutation in either gene, the final possibility is that another, as yet undescribed gene (neither CYLD nor PTCH) is implicated in the pathogenesis of some patients with MFT...

..Most of these features have not been previously recorded in eccrine mixed tumors and may represent a potential diagnostic pitfall...

..This seems to be the first documented report of malignant transformation of adamantinoid trichoblastoma. We discuss also other possibilities of histogenesis of this unique neoplasm...

..This review discusses various authentic cutaneous-type adnexal neoplasms or related lesions presented according to the organ involved...

..All lesions were immunopositive for prostate-specific antigen and/or prostatic acid phosphatase. A brief discussion of the earlier published material is included...

..Analysis of the CYLD gene revealed polymorphisms. This is the first report of a "dermal analogue tumor" of the salivary gland that resembled a cutaneous spiradenoma and not a cylindroma...

..This cutaneous perianal lesion is indistinguishable microscopically from its mammary analogue and was clinically detectable...

..A deep intronic mutation resulting in exonization and a somatic sequence mutations causing exon skipping are hitherto unreported genetic mechanisms involving the CYLD gene in patients with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome...

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..The clinicopathologic features of PASH in the anogenital area seem to be identical to those in the breast...

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..2322delA causing a frameshift mutation E774DfsX2. LOH occurred in both BCCs, one trichoepithelioma and one spiradenoma. In the remaining three lesions, the somatic event remained undetected...

..CD34 stained the stroma. We believe that the focal presence of pleomorphic giant cells in trichoepithelioma has no clinical or prognostic implications and does not denote its "malignant transformation"...

..An ultrastructural study was performed in one case of neurofibroma-perineurioma. All cases were studied for mutation of the NF2 gene, and in one case (neurofibroma-perineurioma) a point mutation was detected in exon 15 of the gene...

..A causal role for HPV in hidradenoma papilliferum cannot be confirmed from our results, as the detection rate is too low. The exact role of the HPV in etiology and pathogenesis of this neoplasm has yet to be determined...

..We conclude that cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the most common lymphoproliferation of the breast nipple, rarely recognized clinically, and often overdiagnosed histologically as lymphoma...

..The occurrence of sebaceous and trichoblastic differentiation in spiradenocylindromas is a further proof that spiradenoma and cylindroma are not eccrine tumors but neoplasms of the folliculosebaceousapocrine unit...

..A molecular biology study identified HPV-16 in the lesional tissue. Analysis of the CYLD gene did not prove any mutation...

..The rudimentary follicles and sebaceous differentiation were probably induced by an altered stroma and/or human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV, type 36 was identified by PCR using consensus primers followed by sequencing of the PCR products...

..It represents a potential diagnostic pitfall, particularly in a limited biopsy specimen where the changes may be misdiagnosed as ACC...

..Dirty necrosis was a constant histologic finding in intestine mucinous carcinomas involving the skin, and this feature may serve as a clue to an intestinal origin...

..This pattern seems to be closely related to the rippled and labyrinthine/sinusoidal patterns, as exemplified by our cases, in which these arrangements sometimes occurred simultaneously...

..These neoplasms represent a morphologic variant of schwannoma having distinctive perineurial-like areas, a pattern which may elicit diagnostic difficulties...

..These tumors may be viewed as rare histopathological variants of sebaceous carcinoma and sebaceoma, with a second type of differentiation along the lines of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit...

..They share a clinicopathological overlap with natural killer- (NK)/T-cell lymphomas and anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs), two entities with widely disparate clinical behavior...

..Molecular genetic study revealed fusion transcript ASPL-TFE3, type 2. To the best of our knowledge, cutaneous involvement of a crystal-deficient ASPS has not been reported...

..Such cases may represent a diagnostic pitfall, as FDC overgrowth can mask FL and give the neoplasm the appearance of FDC sarcoma/tumor. We believe that, in both cases, the FDC proliferation had a reactive character...

..Granules were found in the cytoplasm. We suggest the name "primitive small cell tumor with epithelial, gangliocytic, neuroendocrine, and mesenchymal differentiation" for this neoplasm...

..As we present in this report, angiolipoma is another neoplasm whose primary occurrence in the lymph node should not be misinterpreted as a metastatic tumor or malignant vascular tumor...

..There were also a high number of p53-positive cells in both compartments. We propose the term "low-grade trichoblastic carcinosarcoma" for this neoplasm. We are not aware of a similar tumor published in the English literature...

..Follow-up in one of the patients was not available. The distinction of the ovarian fibromas with hyaline globules from the Krukenberg tumors and yolk sac tumor is discussed in the paper...

..A similar histopathological pattern is seen in acroangiodermatitis of Mali and vascular transformation of lymph node sinuses, and these conditions are also associated with impaired blood circulation...

..We interpreted the lesions as hybrid tumors with features of schwannoma and retiform perineurioma...

..Immunohistochemically, all lesional elements were negative for calcitonin and thyroglobulin. The results of the paper suggest that branchial cleft-like cyst have an origin in the ultimobranchial body...

..e., trisomies of chromosomes 7 and 17, are very frequent in non-neoplastic parenchyma of the end-stage kidney, and they have a tendency to a multifocal occurrence...

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..All other germ cells were negative for amplification of 12p. All five successfully analyzed cases showed no mutation in all studied exons and exon-intron junctions in c-kit and PDFGRA genes...

..The signet-ring stromal tumor of the testis is thus similar morphologically and immunohistochemically to the signet-ring stromal tumor of the ovary. The patient was free of recurrence and metastasis 3 years after the excision...

..CONCLUSION: Because of an apparently poorer prognosis, the early recognition of transformation, especially by lymph node biopsy, is important for adequate therapy...

..The cases are discussed in the context of the pertinent literature...

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..Melanophages were a minor component of the lesion. Our ultrastructural studies provide unequivocal evidence that ATM is a neoplasm of melanosome-producing cells. We also review the literature on ATM...

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..This observation gives further evidence that this entity is a peripheral nerve sheath tumor and is unrelated to melanocytic neoplasms...

..Human herpesvirus 8 does not play a role in angiogenesis in MCC...

..We present here 2 cases of MCC characterized by foci of a dense lymphocytic infiltrate with the formation of lymphoid follicles. This feature may produce a potential diagnostic pitfall, rendering a lymphomatous appearance to the tumor...

..Final diagnosis of LyP has to be based mainly on clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings rather than on results of clonality studies...

..Molecular biological study identified human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, which, it may be argued, may have played a role in the development of the carcinoma...

..The sarcomatous component in this case is most consistent with a poorly differentiated follicular dendritic cell sarcoma based upon the morphologic and ultrastructural findings...

..The literature contains no fully documented example of progression of SPP into MF...

..The disease is rare with only 30 cases reported so far...

..In the context of pseudolymphomas, cutaneous follicular lymphoid hyperplasia with monotypic plasma cells, pleomorphic reactions in molluscum contagiosum, and CD30+ reactions to parapoxvirus are discussed...