Ge Lin

..Therefore, appropriate dosage guidelines should be implemented for the herbal industry, for export/import retailers, and for herbal medicine practitioners to ensure the safe and beneficial use of these herbal medicines...

..Therefore, the results suggested that a significantly lower metabolic activation due to the lack of cytochrome p450 3A1 and p450 3A2 activities mainly accounted for the smaller susceptibility of the female rat to clivorine intoxication...

..While other MDR reversal mechanisms remain unclear, Pgp inhibition is a criterion for further mechanistic study. More mechanistic studies are needed to fully establish the pharmacological effects of potential MDR reversing agents...

..Therefore, the male rat and guinea pig should be the suitable animal models for further studies of bioactivation and deactivation of otonecine-type PA, respectively...

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..However, no studies have found such protein adduction in HSOS patients. We report one HSOS case confirmed by liver biopsy, where the patient claimed taking 'Tusanqi' as self-medication...

..Therefore, the lower susceptibility of female SD rats to clivorine intoxication is suggested to be caused by the significantly higher extent of the direct hydrolysis and a lower degree of the metabolic activation...

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..The method developed was successfully applied to a preliminary analysis of intact AAP-Cl in both blood and urine obtained from rats dosed with AAP-Cl...

..Furthermore, no extensive hepatocellular damages were observed. The results demonstrated that a three-day pretreatment with either GL or GA exhibited protective effect on retrorsine-induced liver damage in rats...

..Alkaloid 4 demonstrated a moderate permeability in Caco-2 monolayer cells while alkaloids 1, 2 and 3 exhibited relatively higher intestinal permeabilities, indicating that all four alkaloids tested had reasonable oral absorption...

..Pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide A were unaltered when Chuanxiong extract was administered, which suggests that components in the extract have insignificant effects on senkyunolide A pharmacokinetics...

..Furthermore, existence of hydroxyl group at 3' position may enhance the glucuronidation activity of flavonoids...

..These three compounds also occurred naturally in the herb and were reported to be bioactive...

..This coupled MRM with PIS approach could provide both qualitative and quantitative results without the need of repetitive analyses...

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..2g/kg to Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition to wogonoside, a new metabolite of wogonin has been identified using LC/MS/MS for the first time...

..Cyclosporin A dose-dependently inhibited the secretory permeability of these alkaloids and abolished their active efflux transport...

..In summary, liver plays an important role in the metabolism of Ba and transport of its conjugated metabolites...

..This is the first report to demonstrate the vasorelaxation activities of ligustilide and senkyunolide A in contractions to various contractile agents in rat isolated aorta. The underlying mechanisms await further investigations...

..The findings imply that nucleophilicity and stereo-conformation of OH substituents are crucial for the intestinal glucuronidation of flavonoids...

..Further investigation on the correlation between the accumulated concentrations of flavonoids and their pharmacological activities after their repeated oral administration is warranted...

..This assay can be readily utilized as quality control method for Chuanxiong...

..Further, GLP-1 receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus appear to play an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in S. murinus...

..The compounds isolated were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT116) and against normal colon cells (CCD-18Co), and the results demonstrated their selective toxicity toward the cancer cells...

..The findings reveal the inconsistency from different studies and indicate the importance of in silico modeling in the prediction of structure-glucuronidation relationship...

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..Moreover, BG seemed to activate the ATPase activity of both MRP3 and MXR at a pharmacologically relevant concentration range...

..Based on these results, it is recommended that Rhizoma Chuanxiong be harvested between the middle of April and the end of May...

..Thus, the current finding of the presence of toxic/tumorigenic PAs in S. scandens challenges the safety of using this TCM herb and its proprietary products...

..Moreover, due to abundant co-occurring bioactive components in Radix Scutellariae, our review further documents the pharmacokinetic interactions among them...

..6 and 42.3 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, it was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic measurement of B7T in rat with a single intravenous administration at 0.3mg/kg...

..CONCLUSION: The first-pass metabolism of B in small intestine may play an important role in its low oral bioavailability...

..Our findings suggested that wogonoside and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide should also be served as the chemical markers together with baicalin for the quality control of herbs and PTCM products of radix Scutellariae...

..The possible converting mechanisms of these components were clarified by employing pure major components treated under the same conditions...

..Angelica sinensis is a Chinese medicinal herb for treating gynecological and gastrointestinal disorders, and also in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy...

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..Our findings provide a novel and specific method to differentiate PA N-oxides from PAs in PA-containing natural products, which is crucial for the assessment of their intoxication...

..Our findings demonstrated that Lys-P can be used as a promising lead compound for further development into selective and efficient MDR reversing agents for combination use with P-gp substrate drugs in cancer chemotherapy...

..The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of B7T after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg B7T and further proved to be readily utilized for determination of B7T in rat plasma samples...

..CONCLUSION: The established HPLC fingerprint is very specific, and can be used to evaluate the quality consistency of different rhizoma Chuanxiong herbs...

..The pathway of intestinal absorption and disposition of B, W, and OA was similar. However, the extent of permeability and metabolism was different among three flavones which might be due to the number and position of the hydroxyl group...

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..This is the first report to describe the development of an on-line HPLC-DAD-MS method to simultaneously analyse seventeen main constituents present in Chuanxiong and to construct the chemical profiles of various Chuanxiong samples...

..The method was successfully applied for the measurement of amino acids under fed and fasted conditions...

..The new TCM-Pt compounds may possess a novel dual mechanism of antitumor action: inhibition of PP2A and platination of DNA...

..The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of using blood pyrrole-protein adducts test as a confirmatory diagnostic method...

..These studies provide information relevant to the use of this species to estimate the therapeutic indexes of GLP-1 receptor agonists...

..It is suggested that BDPH acting through an inhibitory mechanism downstream to l-type voltage-operated and prostanoid TP receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels operating late in the contractile pathway...

..Puqietinone [2] was also identified from the same herbal plant and the structure was revised as (22R,25S)-N-methyl-22,26-epiminocholest-3 beta-ol-6-one based on spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods...

..This developed method was successfully applied to determine the intact clivorine and its four metabolites generated in rat microsomal incubation...

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..abstract:..

..05). These data indicate that non-pungent activators as exemplified by olvanil are unlikely to be useful clinically for the control of the gastrointestinal side effects induced by cisplatin...

..CONCLUSIONS. It demonstrated that all selected flavones were substrates of the UGT isoforms that are inducible by Chrysin...

..05). In conclusion, codeine has broad inhibitory anti-emetic actions but a known ability to reduce coughing does not necessarily predict broad inhibitory anti-emetic properties...

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..The results demonstrate that this method is simple, selective, and suitable for the quality control of this commonly used antitussive TCM herb, Bulbus Fritillariae. reserved...

..The results indicate that rat would be a more suitable animal model than dog for further studies on the formation of lactam metabolites of these drugs...

..urinaria. In conclusion, P. urinaria effectively alleviated the steatohepatitis induced by the MCD, probably through dampening oxidative stress, ameliorating inflammation, and decreasing lipid accumulation...

..05microg/ml for both baicalein and baicalin. The developed method proves to be an improved and more reliable method because of its capability for determining baicalein and baicalin simultaneously in a single chromatographic run...

..Results indicate that the developed HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for crocin-containing medicinal herbs...

..Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited strong antitussive activity after oral and intraperitoneal administrations...

..In this review, we present updated information on the metabolism, metabolizing enzymes, and the mechanisms by which pyrrolizidine alkaloids exert genotoxicity and tumorigenicity...

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..These overall results suggest that UVA photoirradiation of oxygenated BA and 3-methylcholanthrene generates singlet oxygen, one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation...

..The relative configuration of 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction. Alkaloid 1 displayed significant antitussive activity in the citric acid-induced guinea pig cough model...

..The methods described have been successfully used to evaluate the quality of three batches of the crude traditional Chinese medicinal herb derived from the bulbs of F. pallidiflora...