J Pratt

Summary

Affiliation: University of Toronto
Country: Canada

Publications

  1. ncbi Attentional modulation of the gap effect
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 46:2602-7. 2006
  2. ncbi Long-term inhibition of return for spatial locations: evidence for a memory retrieval account
    Daryl E Wilson
    Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 59:2135-47. 2006
  3. ncbi Visual layout modulates Fitts's law: the importance of first and last positions
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 14:350-5. 2007
  4. ncbi Responding to feature or location: a re-examination of inhibition of return and facilitation of return
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 41:3903-8. 2001
  5. ncbi The effects of occlusion and past experience on the allocation of object-based attention
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 8:721-7. 2001
  6. ncbi Examining the activity-distribution model of visual attention with exogenous cues and targets
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Q J Exp Psychol A 55:627-41. 2002
  7. ncbi It's alive! animate motion captures visual attention
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Psychol Sci 21:1724-30. 2010
  8. ncbi Determining whether attentional control settings are inclusive or exclusive
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 64:1361-70. 2002
  9. ncbi The attentional repulsion effect in perception and action
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 152:376-82. 2003
  10. ncbi Symbolic control of visual attention: The role of working memory and attentional control settings
    Jay Pratt
    U Toronto, Dept of Psychology, Toronto, ON, Canada
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 29:835-45. 2003

Detail Information

Publications106 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Attentional modulation of the gap effect
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 46:2602-7. 2006
    ..Subjects were faster to initiate saccades when the attended portion was removed, thus establishing a role of attention in the gap effect. The results have important implications for our understanding of eye movements and the gap effect...
  2. ncbi Long-term inhibition of return for spatial locations: evidence for a memory retrieval account
    Daryl E Wilson
    Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 59:2135-47. 2006
    ..These results are consistent with a memory retrieval account of IOR and suggest that the same inhibitory mechanism may underlie both standard and long-term IOR...
  3. ncbi Visual layout modulates Fitts's law: the importance of first and last positions
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 14:350-5. 2007
    ..In addition, a similar effect was found for first-position targets. These results suggest that Fitts's law holds within, but not between, relative target positions in visible structured arrays...
  4. ncbi Responding to feature or location: a re-examination of inhibition of return and facilitation of return
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 41:3903-8. 2001
    ..Rather, the results are accounted for by repetition priming and IOR that occur with specific combinations of target features and task demands...
  5. ncbi The effects of occlusion and past experience on the allocation of object-based attention
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 8:721-7. 2001
    ..Attentional cuing effects were found for the completed rectangles in both experiments, indicating that previous experience was not sufficient to halt the amodal completion of objects...
  6. ncbi Examining the activity-distribution model of visual attention with exogenous cues and targets
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Q J Exp Psychol A 55:627-41. 2002
    ..The results from three experiments were consistent with the activity-distribution model and not with the moving-spotlight model...
  7. ncbi It's alive! animate motion captures visual attention
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Psychol Sci 21:1724-30. 2010
    ..We conclude that animate motion does indeed capture visual attention...
  8. ncbi Determining whether attentional control settings are inclusive or exclusive
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 64:1361-70. 2002
    ....
  9. ncbi The attentional repulsion effect in perception and action
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 152:376-82. 2003
    ....
  10. ncbi Symbolic control of visual attention: The role of working memory and attentional control settings
    Jay Pratt
    U Toronto, Dept of Psychology, Toronto, ON, Canada
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 29:835-45. 2003
    ..Thus, features of objects in working memory will bias the selection of symbols in the visual field, and such selected symbols are capable of producing unintentional shifts of attention. ((c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)..
  11. ncbi Examining the time course of facilitation and inhibition with simultaneous onset and offset cues
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, M5S 3G3, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychol Res 67:261-5. 2003
    ..The differing time course of attention at each location may reflect separate facilitatory and inhibitory processes, and the priority given to the onset of a stimulus by the attentional system...
  12. ncbi The planning and execution of sequential eye movements: saccades do not show the one target advantage
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Hum Mov Sci 22:679-88. 2004
    ..Moreover, this pattern of results was found for both the shorter and longer amplitude saccades. The results indicate that the OTA does not occur in the oculomotor system and therefore is not a general motor control phenomenon...
  13. ncbi Modulating the attentional repulsion effect
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 127:137-45. 2008
    ..Moreover, it appears that attentional processes underlying changes related to when targets are perceived appear to be the same as those underlying changes related to perceiving where targets are...
  14. ncbi Illusory gravitational forces affect aimed limb movements
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    J Gen Psychol 131:438-50. 2004
    ..Those results suggested a new virtual gravity illusion: Participants apparently overcompensated for the absence of the anticipated effects of gravity by adjusting the initial force they used to propel the cursor toward the target...
  15. ncbi Pro-saccades and anti-saccades to onset and offset targets
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 45:765-74. 2005
    ..These findings suggest that there is a continuum of "prepotentness" in the oculomotor system with new peripheral objects being especially effective in generating reflexive pro-saccades...
  16. ncbi Growing older does not always mean moving slower: examining aging and the saccadic motor system
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 George Street, Toronto, ONT M5S 3G3, Canada
    J Mot Behav 38:373-82. 2006
    ..The authors discuss possible reasons for that relative resistance to aging...
  17. ncbi Inhibition of return in single and dual tasks: examining saccadic, keypress, and pointing responses
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Tornto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 70:257-65. 2008
    ....
  18. ncbi Examining inhibition of return with multiple sequential cues in younger and older adults
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Psychol Aging 22:404-9. 2007
    ....
  19. ncbi The effect of the physical characteristics of cues and targets on facilitation and inhibition
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 8:489-95. 2001
    ..The conclusion is that the biphasic pattern of early facilitation and late inhibition following a peripheral cue should not be considered the definitive signature of the peripheral cuing paradigm...
  20. ncbi The Gap effect for spatially oriented responses
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ont, Canada
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 102:1-12. 1999
    ..Overall, the results of the present experiments confirm the finding of a gap effect for spatially oriented hand movements and suggest that this effect may be related to the functioning of the superior colliculus...
  21. ncbi Visual fixation offsets affect both the initiation and the kinematic features of saccades
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 118:135-8. 1998
    ..The results suggest that the removal of the fixation point may affect the force-time curves of saccades in addition to affecting the time needed to initiate the saccades...
  22. ncbi Examining the effect of practice on inhibition of return in static displays
    J Pratt
    University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 61:756-65. 1999
    ..Overall, the results suggest that inhibition of return is a robust phenomenon and may not, with static displays, be especially sensitive to practice effects...
  23. ncbi Estimating the components of the gap effect
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 130:258-63. 2000
    ..e. an overlap trial). We conclude that this new partial-gap paradigm is a useful method for researchers wishing to separately examine FOE and visual warning effects...
  24. ncbi Inhibition of return in location- and identity-based choice decision tasks
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 59:964-71. 1997
    ..Overall, the results are consistent with the attentional, not the motor, explanation of inhibition of return...
  25. ncbi Initiation and inhibition of saccadic eye movements in younger and older adults: an analysis of the gap effect
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
    J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 52:P103-7. 1997
    ..The implications of the findings to age-related differences in inhibitory function are discussed...
  26. ncbi The role of the fixation location in inhibition of return
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario
    Can J Exp Psychol 54:186-95. 2000
    ..The results from the study suggest that IOR could serve as a mechanism that improves the efficiency of visual searches...
  27. ncbi Inhibition of return in discrimination tasks
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, USA
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 25:229-42. 1999
    ..Overall, the findings provide insights into the relation between movements of attention and discrimination judgments and support the notion that inhibition of return is an attentional phenomenon...
  28. ncbi The effects of onsets and offsets on visual attention
    J Pratt
    Department of Psychology, 100 St George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Psychol Res 65:185-91. 2001
    ..Overall, these findings suggest that offset cues can be treated in the same manner as onset cues by the attentional system, although the onset cues may have priority in orienting attention when targets must be localized in space...
  29. ncbi Examining the role of the fixation cue in inhibition of return
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, 100 St George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3
    Can J Exp Psychol 56:294-301. 2002
    ..Once attention has been withdrawn from the peripherally cued location, IOR can be found at short SOAs...
  30. ncbi Spatially diffuse inhibition affects multiple locations: a reply to Tipper, Weaver, and Watson (1996)
    R A Abrams
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 22:1294-8. 1996
    ..Thus, in a complex environment in which several cued locations are interspersed among noncued locations, inhibition of return will occur for only the 1 most recently attended location, consistent with conclusions of Pratt and Abrams...
  31. ncbi Attending to eye movements and retinal eccentricity: evidence for the activity distribution model of attention reconsidered
    Nicholas B Turk-Browne
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 31:1061-6. 2005
    ..This result underscores the importance of considering targets' eccentricity and people's inclination to make saccadic eye movements in certain types of visual cognition tasks. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)...
  32. ncbi Oculocentric coding of inhibited eye movements to recently attended locations
    R A Abrams
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 26:776-88. 2000
    ..The results have implications for inhibition of return, for the link between eye movements and attention, and for the nature of the spatial reference frames in which both covert and overt movements of attention are encoded...
  33. ncbi Examining location-based and object-based components of inhibition of return in static displays
    J McAuliffe
    School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 63:1072-82. 2001
    ..We propose that a single inhibitory mechanism can account for the data...
  34. ncbi Aging and movement: variability of force pulses for saccadic eye movements
    R A Abrams
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
    Psychol Aging 13:387-95. 1998
    ..These results suggest that fundamental details of the brain mechanisms involved in the control of movement are the same for younger and older adults...
  35. ncbi Inhibition of return is composed of attentional and oculomotor processes
    A Kingstone
    Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 61:1046-54. 1999
    ..Together, the data indicate that IOR is composed of both an oculomotor component and an attentional component...
  36. ncbi Examining task difficulty and the time course of inhibition of return: detecting perceptually degraded targets
    Alan D Castel
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130 4899, USA
    Can J Exp Psychol 59:90-8. 2005
    ..The results are consistent with the notion that IOR is not simply a reflexive subcortical mechanism but rather involves top-down attentional control settings...
  37. ncbi Digits affect actions: the SNARC effect and response selection
    Marwan Daar
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Cortex 44:400-5. 2008
    ..Thus, the SNARC effect not only affects how fast responses can be initiated but also affects what responses will be selected...
  38. ncbi Fixation point offsets facilitate endogenous saccades
    R A Abrams
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
    Percept Psychophys 60:201-8. 1998
    ....
  39. ncbi The effect of age-related stereotypes on response initiation and execution
    A L Chasteen
    Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, USA
    J Gen Psychol 126:17-36. 1999
    ..In a 2nd experiment, the authors replicated these effects by using only the prime old. The results suggest that ageist responses extend beyond reaction time in a social judgment task...
  40. ncbi Letter processing interferes with inhibition of return: evidence for cortical involvement
    Ben Bowles
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25:1-7. 2005
    ..These findings provide support for the notion that IOR is not simply due to subcortical processes but also involves processing from cortical structures...
  41. ncbi Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition
    Jing Feng
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychol Sci 18:850-5. 2007
    ..Given that superior spatial skills are important in the mathematical and engineering sciences, these findings have practical implications for attracting men and women to these fields...
  42. ncbi Better late than never: how onsets and offsets influence prior entry and exit
    Larissa Vingilis-Jaremko
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G3
    Psychol Res 72:443-50. 2008
    ..In addition, these findings demonstrate that TOJ tasks provide extremely precise measures of the allocation of attention and are very sensitive to a range of task manipulations...
  43. ncbi Isoluminant motion onset captures attention
    Ruo Mu Guo
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Atten Percept Psychophys 72:1311-6. 2010
    ..This may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to bias attention toward objects that exhibit characteristics of animacy, such as abruptly changing from a static to a dynamic state...
  44. ncbi Attentional set modulates visual areas: an event-related potential study of attentional capture
    S R Arnott
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
    Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 12:383-95. 2001
    ..These findings support the notion that attentional capture with peripheral cues is not simply reflexive but is modulated by top-down processes...
  45. ncbi The spatial distribution of inhibition of return
    P J Bennett
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychol Sci 12:76-80. 2001
    ..However, the cues also produced a gradient of RTs throughout the visual field, with inhibition in the cued hemifield gradually giving way to facilitation in the hemifield opposite the cue...
  46. ncbi The role of temporal and spatial factors in the covert orienting of visual attention tasks
    Jim McAuliffe
    School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
    Psychol Res 69:285-91. 2005
    ..The results indicate that cueing effects depend on the combination of cue duration, ISI, SOA, and the spatial configuration of the cues and targets. Three factors are used to explain these time course results...
  47. ncbi The effects of action video game experience on the time course of inhibition of return and the efficiency of visual search
    Alan D Castel
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 119:217-30. 2005
    ..The findings suggest that relative to NVGPs, VGPs rely on similar types of visual processing strategies but possess faster stimulus-response mappings in visual attention tasks...
  48. ncbi Learning to ignore: acquisition of sustained attentional suppression
    Matthew L Dixon
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 16:418-23. 2009
    ..g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli...
  49. ncbi Examining inhibition of return with onset and offset cues in the multiple-cuing paradigm
    Elina Birmingham
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 118:101-21. 2005
    ..Finally, when multiple locations are cued sequentially by onsets and offsets they must be marked by placeholders for inhibition to occur...
  50. ncbi Age differences in saccadic averaging
    C T Scialfa
    Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Psychol Aging 14:695-9. 1999
    ..These results are relevant to questions of oculomotor control and also have implications for the study of age differences in other visually guided behaviors...
  51. ncbi Out with the old: inhibition of old items in a preview search is limited
    Stephen M Emrich
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 70:1552-7. 2008
    ..Together, these findings suggest that inhibition of old items in a preview search is a top-down mediated process dependent on capacity-limited cognitive resources...
  52. ncbi Finding memory in search: the effect of visual working memory load on visual search
    Stephen M Emrich
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 63:1457-66. 2010
    ..Furthermore, the search task interfered with the number of items stored in VWM during the concurrent change-detection task. These findings suggest that VWM plays a role in the inhibition of previously searched distractors...
  53. ncbi Emotion and action: the effect of fear on saccadic performance
    Greg L West
    University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 209:153-8. 2011
    ..We show that following the presentation of a task-irrelevant fearful face, the temporal but not the spatial component of the saccade generation system was affected...
  54. ncbi Testing whether gaze cues and arrow cues produce reflexive or volitional shifts of attention
    Sara A Stevens
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 15:1148-53. 2008
    ..For both cue types, compatible cues were found to facilitate response speed but not perceptual accuracy, indicating that both gaze and arrow cues generate reflexive shifts in attention...
  55. ncbi Visuospatial attention is guided by both the symbolic value and the spatial proximity of selected arrows
    Jay Pratt
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 36:1321-4. 2010
    ..Thus, both the symbolic value and the spatial proximity of cues affect the orienting of attention...
  56. ncbi Structured perceptual arrays and the modulation of Fitts's law: examining saccadic eye movements
    Naseem Al-Aidroos
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Mot Behav 40:155-64. 2008
    ..The present results extend the findings of J. J. Adam et al. of a modulation of Fitts's law from the temporal domain to the spatial domain and from manual movements to eye movements...
  57. ncbi Visuospatial experience modulates attentional capture: evidence from action video game players
    Greg L West
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    J Vis 8:13.1-9. 2008
    ..These results suggest that visuospatial experience modulates the earliest sensory aspects of visual processing...
  58. ncbi Choosing the fastest movement: perceiving speed-accuracy tradeoffs
    Scott J Young
    Bloorview Research Institute, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 185:681-8. 2008
    ..We argue that this pattern of behavior may result from a subjective representation of movement time that is based on both Fitts's law and the distance to the target, suggesting a preference for movements that are less effortful...
  59. ncbi Parallel, independent attentional control settings for colors and shapes
    Maha Adamo
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Atten Percept Psychophys 72:1730-5. 2010
    ..Thus, two ACSs from different feature sets (color and shape) can be maintained in parallel, although effectiveness of the control set varied with the type of feature...
  60. ncbi Saccadic trajectories receive online correction: evidence for a feedback-based system of oculomotor control
    Greg L West
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
    J Mot Behav 41:117-27. 2009
    ..Findings evince a robust and consistent feedback-based system of online oculomotor control during saccadic eye movements...
  61. ncbi Attentional control settings prevent abrupt onsets from capturing visual spatial attention
    Naseem Al-Aidroos
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 63:31-41. 2010
    ..This result suggests that, although irrelevant stimuli cause nonspatial purely stimulus-driven effects, the capture of visual spatial attention is contingent on ACSs...
  62. ncbi Thinking of God moves attention
    Alison L Chasteen
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Neuropsychologia 48:627-30. 2010
    ....
  63. ncbi The effects of multisensory targets on saccadic trajectory deviations: eliminating age differences
    Karen Lucia Campbell
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 201:385-92. 2010
    ..These findings suggest that age differences in the production of trajectory deviations away are not inevitable and that multisensory integration may be an important means for increasing top-down inhibition of irrelevant distraction...
  64. ncbi Visual search elicits the electrophysiological marker of visual working memory
    Stephen M Emrich
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    PLoS ONE 4:e8042. 2009
    ..Here, we investigate whether the CDA is evident during visual search, a thoroughly-researched task that is a hallmark of visual attention but has no explicit memory requirements...
  65. ncbi Target-directed movements at a comfortable pace: movement duration and Fitts's law
    Scott J Young
    Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Mot Behav 41:339-46. 2009
    ..These results show that movements of various speeds have predictable patterns of movement duration. The results also suggest that individuals adjust more than the implicit target size when changing their desired movement speed...
  66. ncbi Motivationally significant stimuli show visual prior entry: evidence for attentional capture
    Greg L West
    University of Toroto, Department of Psychology, 100 St George Street, Toroto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 35:1032-42. 2009
    ..This study provides direct evidence of the extent to which motivationally significant stimuli capture attention over other concurrently displayed items in the visual array...
  67. ncbi Capacity limits during perceptual encoding
    Greg L West
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
    J Vis 10:14.1-12. 2010
    ..Results are discussed in terms of neural models of visual encoding and other known capacity limits during visual processing...
  68. ncbi Red diffuse light suppresses the accelerated perception of fear
    Greg L West
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
    Psychol Sci 21:992-9. 2010
    ..We show that the encoding of fearful faces is accelerated, but not when M-channel activity is suppressed, revealing a dissociation that implicates a privileged neural link between emotion and action that begins at the retina...
  69. ncbi Repelling the young and attracting the old: examining age-related differences in saccade trajectory deviations
    Karen L Campbell
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychol Aging 24:163-8. 2009
    ....
  70. ncbi Modulating Fitts's Law: the effect of disappearing allocentric information
    Ana C Bradi
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S3G3, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 194:571-6. 2009
    ..Together, these results converge with recent proposals that pinpoint the contribution of allocentric information to visuo-motor control largely to the movement planning stage...
  71. ncbi Solving the correspondence problem within the Ternus display: the differential-activation theory
    Darko Odic
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
    Perception 37:1790-804. 2008
    ....
  72. ncbi Misperceiving the speed-accuracy tradeoff: imagined movements and perceptual decisions
    Scott J Young
    Bloorview Research Institute, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 192:121-32. 2009
    ..These results suggest that imagined movements and motor decisions are linked, as well as demonstrating one situation in which both show a similar deviation from the patterns of actual movement duration...
  73. ncbi An illusion of 3-D motion with the Ternus display
    Michael D Dodd
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 45:969-73. 2005
    ..Implications for short range and long range motion processes are discussed...
  74. ncbi The effect of previous trial type on inhibition of return
    Michael D Dodd
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, M5S 3G3, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Psychol Res 71:411-7. 2007
    ..This effect was attributable to differences in the response time as a function of previous trial type: specifically, participants were faster to respond to cued and uncued trials when the previous trial type was identical...
  75. ncbi Object- and location-based inhibition of return in younger and older adults
    Jim McAuliffe
    School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
    Psychol Aging 21:406-10. 2006
    ..Both age groups showed location-based IOR, but the older adults failed to show object-based IOR, consistent with age-related differences in visual pathways...
  76. ncbi Inhibition of return with rapid serial shifts of attention: implications for memory and visual search
    Michael D Dodd
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 65:1126-35. 2003
    ..These findings indicate that IOR can be observed at multiple locations when attention is shifted rapidly between locations...
  77. ncbi The role of spatial working memory in inhibition of return: evidence from divided attention tasks
    Alan D Castel
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Percept Psychophys 65:970-81. 2003
    ..Overall, the results suggest that IOR is partially mediated by a spatial working memory system...
  78. ncbi Adult age differences in the time course of inhibition of return
    Alan D Castel
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 58:P256-9. 2003
    ..Older adults also showed a greater degree of facilitation at shorter stimulus-onset asynchronies. The results suggest that there is a change in the temporal dynamics of inhibition that occurs with age...
  79. ncbi Objects do not aid inhibition of return in crossing the vertical meridian
    Ulrich W Weger
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Psychol Res 72:176-82. 2008
    ..Both experiments revealed robust inhibition in the cued but not the uncued hemifield, further demonstrating the hemifield-based spreading of IOR...
  80. ncbi Your divided attention, please! The maintenance of multiple attentional control sets over distinct regions in space
    Maha Adamo
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Room 4020, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S3G3
    Cognition 107:295-303. 2008
    ..This is the first demonstration that separate attentional control sets can be simultaneously maintained at distinct spatial locations, with implications for the flexibility of endogenous control over automatic attentional orienting...
  81. ncbi Inhibition of return in saccadic eye movements
    T Ro
    Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 1892, USA
    Exp Brain Res 130:264-8. 2000
    ....
  82. ncbi Inhibition of return to social signals of fear
    Raliza S Stoyanova
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Emotion 7:49-56. 2007
    ..Views of IOR as an adaptive "foraging facilitator," whereby attention is guided to promote optimal sampling of important environmental events, are discussed...
  83. ncbi Time flies like an arrow: space-time compatibility effects suggest the use of a mental timeline
    Ulrich W Weger
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 15:426-30. 2008
    ....
  84. ncbi Visual processing of targets can reduce saccadic latencies
    Leo Trottier
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5S 3G3
    Vision Res 45:1349-54. 2005
    ..These findings imply that previous approximations of human SRTs may have been too conservative, and that the group of saccades often classified as "express" may instead represent the norm...
  85. ncbi The influence of distractor-only prime trials on the location negative priming mechanism
    Sarah Guy
    University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
    Exp Psychol 51:4-14. 2004
    ..Finally, the location NP effect observed for the D-->T condition is seemingly consistent with the view that location NP and the inhibition-of-return effects share a common underlying process (Milliken et al., 2000)...
  86. ncbi Fitts's Law violation and motor imagery: are imagined movements truthful or lawful?
    Petre V Radulescu
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 201:607-11. 2010
    ..We conclude that the violation of Fitts's Law occurs in motor imagery and that the locus of the violation is in the planning stage of action...
  87. ncbi Evidence from a response choice task reveals a selection bias in the attentional cueing paradigm
    Daryl E Wilson
    Department of Psychology, Queen s University, 62 Arch Street, Humphrey Hall, Kingston, Ont, Canada K7L 3N6
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 126:216-25. 2007
    ..These results suggest that there are processes which initially bias response selection toward cued locations and then subsequently bias response selection away from cued locations...
  88. ncbi Object-based processes in the planning of goal-directed hand movements
    Harold Bekkering
    MaxPlanck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany
    Q J Exp Psychol A 57:1345-68. 2004
    ..The results clearly favour the notion that the selection processes for goal-directed pointing movements are primarily object based. Implications for theories on selective attention and action planning are discussed...
  89. ncbi Visual orienting in college athletes: explorations of athlete type and gender
    Jeanette Lum
    Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
    Res Q Exerc Sport 73:156-67. 2002
    ..These gender and sports-related findings are interpreted in light of the experience athletes have in the dynamic control of spatial attention...
  90. ncbi Inhibition of return spreads across 3-D space
    Jan Theeuwes
    Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Psychon Bull Rev 10:616-20. 2003
    ..We argue that the functional role of a depth-blind IOR is to bias attention against going back to any part of a previously attended object...
  91. ncbi Perceiving numbers causes spatial shifts of attention
    Martin H Fischer
    Psychology Department, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland
    Nat Neurosci 6:555-6. 2003
    ..This observation implies obligatory activation of number meaning and signals a tight coupling of internal and external representations of space...
  92. ncbi Inhibition of return and manual pointing movements
    Martin H Fischer
    University of Munich
    Percept Psychophys 65:379-87. 2003
    ..Overall, these finding suggest that motor-based IOR is restricted to the oculomotor system. Implications for motor-based IOR and attention-based IOR are discussed...
  93. ncbi On the timing of reference frames for action control
    Martin H Fischer
    School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
    Exp Brain Res 183:127-32. 2007
    ..This result suggests that allocentric target coding is most useful during movement planning and that this visuo-spatial coding mechanism is not sensitive to strategic effects...
  94. ncbi Dissociating visual attention and effector selection in spatial precuing tasks
    Jos J Adam
    Department of Movement Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 30:1092-106. 2004
    ....
  95. ncbi Inhibition of return in cue-target and target-target tasks
    Timothy N Welsh
    Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Exp Brain Res 174:167-75. 2006
    ..Rather than CT tasks having an additional response inhibition component, these results suggest that TT tasks may show less of an inhibitory effect because of a facilitatory response repetition effect...
  96. ncbi A new estimation of the duration of attentional dwell time
    Jan Theeuwes
    Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Psychon Bull Rev 11:60-4. 2004
    ..This result suggests that endogenous shifts of attention may be relatively slow and that the faster attentional shifts estimated from visual search tasks may be due to the involvement of bottom-up processes...
  97. ncbi Motor and visual codes interact to facilitate visuospatial memory performance
    Marvin Chum
    University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 14:1189-93. 2007
    ..The results suggest an action-based encoding principle within the working memory system, and possible underlying action-related mechanisms are discussed...
  98. ncbi Motor set modulates automatic priming effects of uninformative cues
    Jos J Adam
    Department of Movement Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Acta Psychol (Amst) 128:216-24. 2008
    ..Cognitive Psychology, 46, 302-358; Adam, J. J., Hommel, B., & Umiltà, C. (2005). Preparing for perception and action (II): Automatic and effortful processes in response-cuing. Visual Cognition, 12, 1444-1473]...
  99. ncbi Actions modulate attentional capture
    Timothy N Welsh
    Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr N W, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 61:968-76. 2008
    ..This pattern of results suggests that the attentional set, and thus the properties of stimuli that capture attention, is modulated by the interaction between stimulus and response expectations...
  100. ncbi Moving farther but faster: an exception to Fitts's law
    Jos J Adam
    Department of Movement Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Psychol Sci 17:794-8. 2006
    ..These findings suggest that Fitts's law may be limited to egocentric visuomotor action, and that the visual control of hand movements may use allocentric, in addition to egocentric, spatial information...
  101. ncbi The effects of memory load on the time course of inhibition of return
    Raymond M Klein
    Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
    Psychon Bull Rev 13:294-9. 2006
    ..Converging evidence was derived from a second experiment in which the time course of IOR's appearance, when we added a central cue to exogenously remove attention from the peripheral cue, was unaffected by the memory load...