Research Topics
| N W MilgramSummaryAffiliation: University of Toronto Country: Canada Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Dietary enrichment counteracts age-associated cognitive dysfunction in caninesN W Milgram
Life Science Division, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Neurobiol Aging 23:737-45. 2002..These results indicate that maintenance on foods fortified with complex mixtures of antioxidants can partially counteract the deleterious effects of aging on cognition...- Cognitive experience and its effect on age-dependent cognitive decline in beagle dogsNorton W Milgram
Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Neurochem Res 28:1677-82. 2003..These findings demonstrate that cognitive abilities in aged animals can be modified by providing behavioral experience, indicating that cognitive abilities remain moderately plastic, even in very old animals... - Neuroprotective effects of cognitive enrichmentNorton W Milgram
Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ageing Res Rev 5:354-69. 2006..These results suggest that a combination of behavioral and nutritional or pharmacological interventions may be optimal for reducing the rate of age-dependent cognitive decline... - Learning ability in aged beagle dogs is preserved by behavioral enrichment and dietary fortification: a two-year longitudinal studyN W Milgram
University of Toronto, Division of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Neurobiol Aging 26:77-90. 2005.... - Landmark discrimination learning in the dog: effects of age, an antioxidant fortified food, and cognitive strategyNorton W Milgram
Life Science Division, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26:679-95. 2002.... - Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation of aged beagle dogs improves learning in two landmark discrimination testsN W Milgram
University of Toronto, Division of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
FASEB J 21:3756-62. 2007..We suggest that long-term maintenance on LA and ALC may be effective in attenuating age-associated cognitive decline by slowing the rate of mitochondrial decay and cellular aging... - Long-term treatment with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment reduces age-dependent impairment in discrimination and reversal learning in beagle dogsNorton W Milgram
Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Exp Gerontol 39:753-65. 2004..These results suggest that the effectiveness of antioxidants in attenuating age-dependent cognitive decline is dependent on behavioral and environmental experience... - Enhanced spatial ability in aged dogs following dietary and behavioural enrichmentP M D Nippak
Institute of Medical Science, Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Neurobiol Learn Mem 87:610-23. 2007..These findings indicate that long-term dietary intervention and enrichment can buffer age-associated cognitive decline... - Effect of feeding patterns on performance of a visuospatial memory task in the beagle dog: a novel cognitive-based protocol for assessing satietyJoan W C Chan
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:481-8. 2005.... - Prior experience, antioxidants, and mitochondrial cofactors improve cognitive function in aged beaglesCandace J Ikeda-Douglas
Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Vet Ther 5:5-16. 2004..Factors other than vitamin E also contributed to the response but remain undefined... - A novel method for assessing contrast sensitivity in the beagle dog is sensitive to age and an antioxidant enriched foodChristina de Rivera
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:379-87. 2005..The initial results suggest that contrast sensitivity deteriorates with age in the canine while form perception is largely unaffected by age... - Seizure activity results in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the hippocampusR C Moussa
Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Canada
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 95:36-47. 2001.... - Open field activity and human interaction as a function of age and breed in dogsE Head
University of Toronto, Scarborough College, Division of Life Sciences, Ontario, Canada
Physiol Behav 62:963-71. 1997..These findings indicate that OF activity is age-sensitive in dogs, but that breed and test conditions are also essential factors... - Chronic antioxidant and mitochondrial cofactor administration improves discrimination learning in aged but not young dogsChristina T Siwak
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Canada
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:461-9. 2005..Antioxidants improved the performance of aged dogs on the initial learning tests, suggesting a selective improvement of factors related to the aging process and specific cognitive processes rather than general cognitive enhancement... - A comparison of egocentric and allocentric age-dependent spatial learning in the beagle dogLori-Ann Christie
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:361-9. 2005.... - Comparison of the effects of adrafinil, propentofylline, and nicergoline on behavior in aged dogsC T Siwak
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada
Am J Vet Res 61:1410-4. 2000..To compare the efficacy of adrafinil, propentofylline, and nicergoline for enhancing behavior of aged dogs... - A novel cognitive palatability assessment protocol for dogsJ A Araujo
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Anim Sci 82:2200-6. 2004..The present protocol should be useful as a replacement or adjunct to other tests of palatability, but requires further validation by comparing the assessment of more similar and novel foods directly with other palatability tests... - Effect of age and level of cognitive function on spontaneous and exploratory behaviors in the beagle dogC T Siwak
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
Learn Mem 8:317-25. 2001..The age-impaired dogs show undirected, stereotypical types of behavioral patterns. These differences in activity patterns may be linked to underlying age-associated neuropathology... - Concept abstraction in the aging dog: development of a protocol using successive discrimination and size concept tasksP Dwight Tapp
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Behav Brain Res 153:199-210. 2004..Age impairments in concept learning may account for differences in transfer performance on both 3CSC tests... - Dose-specific effects of scopolamine on canine cognition: impairment of visuospatial memory, but not visuospatial discriminationJ A Araujo
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 175:92-8. 2004..The present results indicate that scopolamine-induced impairments of working memory in the dog can serve as a model of age-related cholinergic dysfunction... - Extensive spatial training does not negate age differences in response latencyPria M D Nippak
Institute of Medical Science, Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
Brain Res 1070:171-88. 2006.... - Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: are NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors the next line of therapy?Catherine H Trepanier
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
J Alzheimers Dis 21:1089-99. 2010..We also review recent anecdotal data with the TNF-? inhibitor, etanercept, and discuss possible explanations for the failure of preclinical data to translate into successful clinical trials... - Further evidence for the cholinergic hypothesis of aging and dementia from the canine model of agingJoseph A Araujo
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:411-22. 2005.... - Visuospatial function in the beagle dog: an early marker of cognitive decline in a model of human aging and dementiaChrista M Studzinski
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont, Canada M1C 1A4
Neurobiol Learn Mem 86:197-204. 2006.... - An investigation of the relationship between response latency across several cognitive tasks in the beagle dogPria M D Nippak
Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:371-7. 2005..These results further validate the use of RLs as an index of cognition, and also highlight the importance of further studies using animal models... - The canine model of human cognitive aging and dementia: pharmacological validity of the model for assessment of human cognitive-enhancing drugsChrista M Studzinski
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:489-98. 2005..These findings collectively support the utilization of the dog model as a preclinical screen for identifying novel CETs for both age-associated memory disorder and dementia... - Frontal lobe volume, function, and beta-amyloid pathology in a canine model of agingP Dwight Tapp
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
J Neurosci 24:8205-13. 2004..These findings are consistent with the frontal lobe theory of aging in humans, which suggests that the frontal lobes and functions subserved by this region are compromised early in aging... - Effects of age on measures of complex working memory span in the beagle dog (Canis familiaris) using two versions of a spatial list learning paradigmP Dwight Tapp
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
Learn Mem 10:148-60. 2003.... - Size and reversal learning in the beagle dog as a measure of executive function and inhibitory control in agingP Dwight Tapp
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
Learn Mem 10:64-73. 2003..These separate patterns of reversal impairments in the old and senior dogs may reflect different rates of aging in subregions of the frontal cortex... - Visuospatial impairments in aged canines (Canis familiaris): the role of cognitive-behavioral flexibilityAlan D F Chan
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Behav Neurosci 116:443-54. 2002..Analysis of the response patterns of individual canines indicated that the deficits were related to the use of ineffective strategies and inflexibility in strategy modification... - Adrafinil disrupts performance on a delayed nonmatching-to-position task in aged beagle dogsChristina T Siwak
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76:161-8. 2003..The disturbance of memory functions from adrafinil could be a result of increased noradrenergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex... - Response latency in Canis familiaris: mental ability or mental strategy?Pria M D Nippak
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Behav Neurosci 117:1066-75. 2003..In addition, the slower responding young dogs made fewer errors. Thus, RL appears to reflect the learning strategy applied, rather than the level of mental ability... - Locomotor activity rhythms in dogs vary with age and cognitive statusChristina T Siwak
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Behav Neurosci 117:813-24. 2003..The effect of age was less prominent in dogs housed in an indoor/outdoor facility. This suggests that bright sunlight and natural light-dark transitions are better able to consolidate and synchronize the activity rhythms of the dogs... - Improvement of short-term memory performance in aged beagles by a nutraceutical supplement containing phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, and pyridoxineJoseph A Araujo
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario
Can Vet J 49:379-85. 2008..Performance accuracy was significantly improved in supplemented dogs compared with control dogs and the effect was long lasting. These findings suggest that the nutraceutical supplement can improve memory in aged dogs... - Age-dependent decline in locomotor activity in dogs is environment specificChristina T Siwak
Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
Physiol Behav 75:65-70. 2002..Aged dogs were less active than young dogs in the home cage but not in the open field. Activity also varied as a function of sex and housing condition. Behavioral activity is a complex manifestation of many underlying factors... - Pharmaceutical and other commercial uses of the dog modelCandace J Ikeda-Douglas
Department of Pharmacology, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:355-60. 2005 - Comparison of the cognitive palatability assessment protocol and the two-pan test for use in assessing palatability of two similar foods in dogsJoseph A Araujo
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
Am J Vet Res 65:1490-6. 2004..The 2-pan test reveals similar preferences but with variability in data that requires larger numbers of subjects and is susceptible to effects from prior exposure and feeding of the test foods to the subjects... - The ability to smell remains intact, but does not recover, after olfactory bulb lesionsJ Fecteau
Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Int J Neurosci 108:11-20. 2001..These results, therefore, indicate first that the sense of smell remains intact following extensive olfactory bulb lesions, and that a previously acquired discrimination is permanently lost after complete olfactory bulb lesions... - Changes in phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor in the rat hippocampus induced by status epilepticusM Niimura
Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
J Neurochem 92:1377-85. 2005..Changes in phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor may play a role in the pathophysiological consequences of SE... - Cognitive decline and human (Homo sapiens) aging: an investigation using a comparative neuropsychological approachIsabelle Boutet
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
J Comp Psychol 121:270-81. 2007..The results are consistent with the notion that cognitive processes supported by the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex are among the first to decline with increasing age in both humans and animals... - Effects of scopolamine challenge on regional cerebral blood volume. A pharmacological model to validate the use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess cerebral blood volume in a canine model of agingP Dwight Tapp
John Tu and Thomas Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:399-406. 2005.... - Neurogenesis decreases with age in the canine hippocampus and correlates with cognitive functionChristina T Siwak-Tapp
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697 4540, USA
Neurobiol Learn Mem 88:249-59. 2007..These results suggest that new neurons in the aged canine dentate gyrus may participate in modulating cognitive functions... - Brain aging in the canine: a diet enriched in antioxidants reduces cognitive dysfunctionCarl W Cotman
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697 4540, USA
Neurobiol Aging 23:809-18. 2002..Thus, studies in the canine model suggest that oxidative damage impairs cognitive function and that antioxidant treatment can result in significant improvements, supporting the need for further human studies... - Region specific neuron loss in the aged canine hippocampus is reduced by enrichmentChristina T Siwak-Tapp
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697 4540, USA
Neurobiol Aging 29:39-50. 2008..These results suggest that the aged canine hippocampus in the left hemisphere shows selective neuron loss and that behavioral enrichment may reduce this loss... - Nutritional management of brain aging in dogsPhilip Roudebush
Technical Information Services, Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc, PO Box 148, Topeka, KS 66601, USA
J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:722-8. 2005 - Immunization with fibrillar Abeta(1-42) in young and aged canines: Antibody generation and characteristics, and effects on CSF and brain AbetaElizabeth Head
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University of California, 1259 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697 4540, USA
Vaccine 24:2824-34. 2006..A nonsignificant increase in CSF Abeta(1-40) and decrease in Abeta(1-40/1-42) in cortex was detected. Canines may be a useful system for testing an Abeta vaccine... - Application of an automated voxel-based morphometry technique to assess regional gray and white matter brain atrophy in a canine model of agingP Dwight Tapp
John Tu and Thomas Yuen Center for Functional Onco Imaging, University of California, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 5020, USA
Neuroimage 29:234-44. 2006....