Martin Zack

..The findings provide direct experimental evidence that the D2 substrate modulates gambling reinforcement in pathological gamblers...

..The findings validate this empirical approach to subtyping gamblers and suggest consistency of motives across addictive behaviors...

..Previous research suggested that high doses of benzodiazepines may dampen NEG-ALC priming. The present study tested this possibility and the role of motivation for alcohol in this process...

..These findings for modafinil appear to fit well with a growing literature demonstrating bi-directional effects of D2 agonists as a function of trait impulsivity. Impulsivity could critically moderate medication response in PG...

..Suggestions for future research include isolating the roles of DA receptor subtypes in PG, and parallel within-subject assessment of DA manipulations on gambling and psychostimulant reinforcement in PG subjects and controls...

..High AS males' predominant social-evaluative concerns further implied that alcohol SRD to a social stressor (i.e., a speech) would be relatively stronger in high AS males than in high AS females...

..Such associations can promote drinking and its attendant effects (e.g., poor decision-making) in problem gamblers, and thus, may contribute to co-morbid gambling and alcohol use disorders...

..Anxiety sensitivity was unrelated to drinking in any condition. Even unobtrusive exposure to negative affect cues can prime drinking behavior in young drinkers, and this effect is tied to the severity of alcohol problems...

..Treatments that optimize prefrontal catecholamine transmission may deter relapse by reducing disinhibitory effects of salient eliciting stimuli...

..This study provides experimental evidence that psychostimulant-like neurochemical activation is an important component of gambling addiction...

..A general association between negative mood priming and severity of alcohol problems also emerged...

..Although adolescent smokers appear to display some of the hallmark features of dependence, the biological and behavioral effects of smoking in this population are poorly understood...

..These context-dependent biases may contribute to exaggerations in perceived drinking norms previously found to predict alcohol misuse in young drinkers...

..g., craving, expectancies) to alcohol stimuli in anxious problem drinkers...

..Severity of depression was significantly correlated with increased rewarding effects of d-amph. Thus, although the BRS may be dysfunctional in MDD subjects, chronic nicotine use does not modify response to d-amph...

..Indirect enhancement of DA transmission may reduce undue reward-related responding in PG subjects...

..Preferential impairment of negative self-relevant associations may decrease perceived vulnerability under alcohol and increase risk for alcohol problems in young drinkers...

..This study examined subjective-motivational, cognitive and physiological effects of stress and alcohol cues in subjects with PG, alcohol use disorder (AD), co-occurring PG and AD (CO), and healthy controls (HC)...

..To determine the topography of cigarette smoking and the subjective and physiological effects of abstinence and nicotine in adolescents who smoke on a daily versus a non-daily basis...

..This study is among the first to systematically investigate the effect of chronic bupropion administration, free from the confounding effect of the smoker's motivation to quit smoking...

..Results corroborate in vivo cue reactivity studies and indicate a functional difference between problem drinkers with high and low PD...

..Pharmacological studies are needed to establish whether normalization of D3 receptor function could reduce vulnerability to relapse in stimulant abuse...

..These findings provide direct evidence that the GABA-BZ system plays an important role in alcohol reinforcement in problem drinkers...

..Degree of activation also correlated with a drug's affinity for the BZD receptor. These preliminary results suggest that BZD-induced amnesia may contribute to the therapeutic effects of these drugs in anxious problem drinkers...

..These findings are consistent with previous studies that obtained a single predominant factor, and suggest that the SCL-90 primarily taps general psychiatric distress in comorbid substance abusers...

..5 years) were selected to fill two groups according to scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen: probable pathological gamblers (PPG; n = 154) and non-pathological gamblers (NPG; n = 39)...

..Wiers); and (6) Negative affective cues and associative cognition in problem drinkers (Martin Zack). Comments were provided by the discussant Marvin Krank...