Antonio E Nardi

..abstract:..

..The panic attack may be a final common pathway for different types of stimuli, and respiratory tests may characterize different PD subgroups...

..Tranylcypromine--60 mg daily--was found effective in the treatment of panic disorder and social anxiety disorder comorbidity...

..The respiratory subgroup had a faster response after 8 weeks of treatment and an equivalent response in the 3-year follow-up period. Clonazepam had a sustained therapeutic effect over the entire treatment period...

..The long half-life and higher potency of clonazepam may allow easier discontinuation with fewer withdrawal symptoms compared to other benzodiazepines and studies using a slow clonazepam taper appear promising...

..001). Our data suggest that there is an association between respiratory PD subtype and the response to respiratory challenge tests: CO(2)and breath-holding. The CPA may be confirmed as a subgroup of respiratory PD subtype...

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..85, P = .026). Our data suggest that there is an association between panic attacks, no matter if associated with PD or MDP, and hyperreactivity to an oral caffeine challenge test...

..The responders may be a subgroup of respiratory PD subtype with future diagnostic and therapeutic implications...

..This naturalistic study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam and paroxetine in the acute treatment of patients with panic disorder...

..The PD and PSAD patients had a higher number of induced panic attacks, some specific anxiety symptoms, and a more severe anxiety response than GSAD patients and normal volunteers...

..42, df=1, p<0.001), and had more previous depressive episodes (chi2=27.35, df=1, p<0.001). Our data suggest that there is an association between respiratory PD subtype and hyperreactivity to challenge tests: CO2 and oral caffeine...

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..There is a clear differentiation of PD patients and their first-degree relatives by a caffeine test from the healthy group...

..Clonazepam can be successfully discontinued without any major withdrawal symptoms if the dose is reduced gradually. We recommend reducing the dosage of clonazepam after intermediate-term use by 0.25 mg/wk...

..To compare nocturnal and diurnal panic attacks in a cross-sectional study and in a longitudinal prospective short-term follow-up...

..Our aim was to identify the personality traits in patients with panics disorder, major depression and with both disorders (comorbidity)...

..The respiratory subtype patients were observed to be more sensitive to the 35% CO(2) inhalation challenge test and the hyperventilation test than the non-respiratory subtype patients...

..There are several useful methods to induce anxiety in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). Our aim was to ascertain if a computer simulation (CS) could induce anxiety and physiologic alterations in PDA patients...

..The clonazepam group had significantly fewer panic attacks in response to the CO(2) test and the test may predict clinical response...

..Our objective is to summarize the new findings concerning the respiratory subtype (RS) of panic disorder (PD) since its first description...

..Our aim was to assess the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of asthmatic outpatients and observe if there is any relationship between this comorbidity and the severity of asthma...

..74, d.f. = 1, p < 0.001). The HPA group had similar symptomatology in spontaneous attacks and HPA. The HPA group may be regarded as a subgroup of the respiratory panic disorder subtype with diagnostic and therapeutic implications...

..Our aim was to observe if anxiety disorder patients - DSM-IV - respond in a similar way to the induction of panic attacks by a breath-holding challenge test...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the postural control analysis and autonomic activation in panic disorder (PD) patients presented with visual stimuli...

..023). There was no heart rate, anxiety levels or breath-hold time differences among the groups. In this breath hold challenge test PD patients were more sensitive to breath-hold than first-degree relatives and normal volunteers...

..In conclusion, the respiratory PD subtype had a faster response to treatment with nortriptyline at 8 weeks than did the non-respiratory subtype, and an equivalent response after 1 year of treatment...

..The main objective of the present study was to validate a brief Brazilian Portuguese version of TEMPS-A (brief TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro)...

..Panic disorder (PD) presents a heterogeneous cluster of symptoms and a classification based on subtypes has been suggested and the respiratory symptoms group appears as a distinct subtype...

..The non-nocturnal subtype was significantly associated with agoraphobia, and the respiratory subtype was not associated with these variables...

..There was a significant advantage with clonazepam over paroxetine with respect to the frequency and nature of adverse events...

..Key advances in combining rTMS with neuroimaging technology may aid such future developments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'...

..Those findings corroborate the Neuroanatomical hypothesis of PD...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of imipramine on the treatment of comorbid chronic dizziness and panic disorder...

..The implication of these findings and awareness to the distinct core of the nocturnal panic attacks symptoms may help to differentiate them from sleep disorders and the search for specific treatment...

..Animal model studies may allow greater elucidation of the cerebral circuits involved in the genesis of panic disorder (PD), but these studies have not yet been fully analyzed...

..To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among women in ambulatory treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to correlate its clinical and demographic aspects with mental disorders...

..A better understanding of the role of these neurotransmitter systems in PD will allow the development of more effective drugs for this psychiatric condition...

..Differences between social phobics appear to be found on the more global measures of performance rather than specific skills measures...

..The results indicate that CBT has the potential to modify the dysfunctional neural circuitry associated with PD, but there is insufficient evidence to support the preliminary hypothesis...

..to compare the scores of the WHOQOL quality of life domains with the clinical features of patients with respiratory and non-respiratory panic disorders (PD) treated at the UFRJ Panic and Respiration Laboratory...

..NPA patients may represent a subtype of PD with specific agoraphobic features, respiratory connections and unique therapeutic aspects...

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..The investigation into cases of filicide may contribute powerfully to expand our understanding of motivational factors underlying this phenomenon and enhance the odds for effective prevention...

..abstract:..

..We thus recommend further studies to clearly determine the role of rTMS in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Key advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging technology may aid in such future developments...

..CONCLUSION: Exposure to parental behaviours that augment fearfulness may result in disturbances in object relations and persistence of conflicts between dependence and independence may predispose to anxiety symptoms and fears of PD...

..The aim of this article is to present the most important findings of the guidelines on the treatment of SAD, serving as a reference for the general practitioner and specialist...

..Although there were several methodological differences among the studies, the global results have often been consistent, reinforcing the evidence of a specific cerebral circuit involved in SAD, formed by limbic and cortical areas...

..Therefore, future studies with similar methodology would aid in determining the precise effect of omega-3 on depressive disorders...