G Pierard

..Such a situation implies that treatments at least in the initial stages of the disease, should primarily target the skin without searching for an impact on internal lymphoid tissues...

..The present findings suggest an EGFR inhibitor-induced kerosis (follicular hyperkeratosis) possibly responsible for acneiform reactions...

..The therapeutic strategy depends on these progression characteristics and must fit to each individual patient. This review focuses on the minor but the most frequent types of acne that may benefit from dermocosmetic treatments...

..It is wise to identify them with precision in order to chose the most adequate preventive and therapeutic measures. The dermatopathology assessment is helpful for the diagnostic...

..There is some evidence that steroid hormones present in oral contraceptives do not significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer when estrogen exposure is not excessive...

..pachydermatis. Their growth was abated to almost the same level after itraconazole treatment. It is concluded that in vivo treatment with itraconazole is highly active against all Malassezia spp. colonizing the human stratum corneum...

..Thus, ongoing drug development activities have focused on novel delivery technologies to facilitate incorporation of existing antifungal drugs inside the nail plate and the discovery of new active antifungals...

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..Miconazole nitrate is a time-honored antifungal of the imidazole class...

..Skin biopsy is indicated for diagnostic purposes, especially when the hair loss is accompanied by scarring...

..In this study, two skin protection creams were assayed comparatively looking for a protective effect if any against a liquid soap and an alcohol-based gel designed for hand hygiene in medical settings...

..This behavior has been shown experimentally with fungal hyphae of both dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds, as well as with the mycelial phase of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans...

..They may be responsible for some birth defects...

..This review is an attempt to shed some light on this topic using objective and qualified medical information...

..We frame as a hypothesis that the primary defect in some Malassezia-driven disorders resides in the corneocytes and their precursor keratinocytes...

..The responsible ingredients are often agents affecting functions of stratum corneum without being obvious chemical irritants...

..The original Locoid lipocream and Locoid Crelo presentations confer remarkable qualities to the product. We report a synopsis of clinical and translational studies devoted to this unique dermocorticoid...

..We present a glossary of terms frequently used in medico-scientific studies...

..Spectrophotometry, tristimulus colorimetry and computerized image analysis are well codified methods. Epidermal melanisation is detected with great sensitivity under ultraviolet light illumination...

..The correct diagnosis provided by histomycology combined with culture not only allows for more efficient expenditure of funds and services but also is important for the timely alleviation of the disorder...

..In addition, the sporodochium, which is an exophytic fungal ball, may be attached underneath the distal free edge of some onychomycoses. It might represent an important source of fungal propagules in patients with poor nail trimming...

..Diabetic patients, particularly men, are at increased risk of developing onychomycosis. The morbidity linked to this disorder, and its impact on the foot status in diabetic subjects merit to be better appreciated by clinicians...

..A new international multicentric approach using adjuvant therapy for stage III melanomas involves the clinical oncology department of the CHU of Liège. It concerns a targeted immunotherapy directed to the Mage A3 protein...

..Computerized morphometric assessments bring numerical values allowing statistical comparisons. Variants of corneofungimetry address more specific aspects related to fungal cell adhesion, fungitoxicity and lipid-dependent fungi...

..Indirect support is provided by visualization of apocrine gland excretion and collection of sweat and volatile compounds. Microbiological assessments and chromatographic analysis also provide indirect information...

..At present there is still a lack of validated mainstay treatment for TEN. However, a few treatment modalities have been reported to halt TEN progression in some patients...

..We review the effects of biologicals, in particular adalimumab (Humira), on psoriatic comorbidities...

..The ex vivo and in vivo evaluations of the tensile properties and functions of skin are complementary particularly when the connective tissue is abnormal...

..CsA has already been used successfully on a limited series of TEN patients. We have reviewed the potential theoretical useful effects of CsA in TEN. We conclude that CsA could be a good candidate to reverse TEN progression...

..The relative effectiveness compared with other treatments is unconfirmed; from the published information, evidence-based efficacy assessment of light/laser therapies in acne remains almost impossible...

..Bleaching (whitening) agents are commonly offered to fade their darker aspect. In general, regular colorimetric methods show poor sensitivity to disclose any bleaching effect...

..At present, NMSC progression appears to be boosted on areas of skin field cancerization. Benign melanocytic naevi may develop as well...

..These procedures are not indicated in inflamed tattoos. Indeed, the pigment dispersed during photolysis may perpetuate the reaction. Pseudotattoos due to the stratum corneum staining are frequently responsible for photoeczema...

..It consists of the combination of an antifungal with a device boosting germination of fungal propagules in order to render these cells more responsive to treatment. Preliminary results of a pilot study support such a concept...

..TNF-alpha antagonists are used to treat psoriasis. Adalimumab is one of the recognized active agents for this indication...

..Adapalene is a naphthoic acid derivative showing some pharmacological activities similar to the regular retinoids. The drug is used singly or in combination for treating acne and a few other miscellaneous skin disorders...

..However, a potential for drug interactions exists, mediated through the cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 system, which should be considered when itraconazole is used as part of a multi-drug regimen...

..Objective: To study the prevalence of foot mycoses in Europe...

..Skin and bone may be affected similarly during the climacteric and during long-term corticotherapy. Little is known about the correlation between the respective alterations in bone mass density (BMD) and tensile strength of the skin...

..Little objective information is available so far from biometrological quantitative assessments of this skin condition. Pramiconazole is a novel triazole with potent in vitro antifungal activity, especially against Malassezia spp...

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..The possibility of inducting a radiation recall dermatitis by some of these therapeutic modalities has not been thoroughly evaluated, and at present cannot be ruled out with confidence...

..Glucocorticoids can boost some Malassezia-driven dermatoses. However, both antifungals and topical corticosteroids improve lesions of seborrheic dermatitis...

..A positive immunoreactivity of fungal walls for factor XIIIa has been recently described. Factor XIIIa is a transglutaminase involved in the formation of covalent peptide bounds between some specific proteins...

..The leading neoplasms correspond to basal and squamous cell carcinomas, some primary cutaneous lymphomas and malignant melanomas. In these patients, early diagnosis and radical treatment on sight should be considered...

..Similarly, the potency of oral antifungals can be evaluated at the level of the stratum corneum...

..A possible occult viral colonization has never been documented in these disorders. The manner in which the primary bullous disorders are contaminated by herpesviridae remains unclear...

..The necrotic events follow apoptosis when both phenomena are present...

..The mortality rate of 25 - 30% is mainly due to both metabolic failures and septicemia following loss of epidermal integrity. Topical treatments are important options in these patients...

..Conversely, exceptional cases of lipoatrophy have occurred in patients receiving lispro insulin analog via CSII. Lipodystrophy reactions remain a potential problem when managing diabetic patients with new insulin therapy technologies...

..Localized varicella has been associated with UV-exposure and skin trauma. Varicella restricted to a pre-existent dermatitis is exceptional...

..Herpes simplex virus (HSV) lesions are prone to reactivation and recurrence in response to various local or systemic triggering factors...

..The use of methyl-aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy for treating cutaneous verrucous carcinoma had not been reported so far. It may represent a convenient therapeutic alternative in this setting...

..g. anti-TNF-alpha antibodies plus N-acetylcysteine) targeting different levels of the keratinocyte failure machinery...

..We also explored the effect of substance P released by capsaicin because this neuropeptide is known to affect the microvasculature environment...

..In this respect, cryoscopy refers to the direct observation by dermoscopy, with or without digital recording, of the visual alterations of the frozen tissues...

..This finding entails that TEN treatments should target the keratinocyte metabolism rather than the circulating inflammatory cells which presumably play a limited role, if any, in the epidermal destructive process...

..9 and 12.2%. The method has been applied to plasma samples obtained from patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics and is appropriated for easy determination of plasma concentrations for therapeutic monitoring applications...

..In case of skin involvement, the dermatologist may assist by recognizing subtle semiological signs and performing biopsies for swift histological examination, molecular biology and/or culture...

..The expression of the innate immunity compounds is modulated by some drugs. This feature represents a mode of action that remained ignored in the past...

..The main diagnostic criteria are issued from the clinico-pathological confrontation. Other methods help support the diagnosis and establish a prognosis...

..Cutaneous Index of Mildness values obtained confirm that Dimeb is able to extract some skin components and shows that DMPE-Dimeb performs similarly...

..Newer treatment strategies are emerging including non medicated hydrocolloid dressings and combinations of a systemic antiviral drug with a topical corticosteroid...

..Gender of the patient, the aspect and distribution of the metastases, as well as the histological and immunohistological examinations help establishing the diagnosis. The prognosis of the metastatic disease is often poor...

..Dye mixtures containing henna, P-phenylenediamine (PPD), and indigo are applied to the skin in various parts of the world for religious purposes, social recognition or fun...

..Creams containing 2% ketoconazole and 1% terbinafine appear equally effective against dermatophytes while the former is more potent against Candida albicans...

..This review covers the main aspects found in neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, incontinentia pigmenti, neurocutaneous melanoblastosis, basal cell naevomatosis and the epidermal naevus syndrome...

..This disease is benign and chronic. However, it can be associated with some other conditions such as lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases. Dapsone is the treatment of choice to control the skin manifestations...

..Based on the dapsone antimicrobial activity and its anti-inflammatory action especially directed to the neutrophil metabolism, we treated two patients with severe folliculitis decalvans with this drug...

..The concept of a group of neoplasms called skin melanocytomas shed some light on such quandaries where the risk of misdiagnosis is quite high...

..It appears that the pretreatment density in DDs may affect the efficacy of imiquimod in eradicating skin tumours...

..The anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agent etanercept, was recently introduced as an alternative treatment for psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis...

..The campaign furthermore increased the patient awareness, permitting the diagnosis of 5 MMs during the 2 following months. This figure represents about 30% of all MMs diagnosed yearly in this region of Belgium...

..The main clinical presentations include vesiculo-bullous sometimes infiltrated dermatitis, vasculitis, necrosis, ulceration and alopecia. Exacerbation of dermatoses such as psoriasis is also possible...

..The presence of potentially protective IgG in TEN epidermis following IVIg treatment could help limiting the disease progression...

..The extent of necrosis and the pattern of viral DNA and envelope protein distribution represent unique features of median herpetic glossitis, which are not found in more common types of HSV infection...

..After a 3-month treatment, the patient has remained lesion free and no DDS-related side-effects have occurred. In conclusion, sulfones may be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in drug-resistant ACH...

..Numerous types of lasers can exert different and specific effects in the skin. Devices delivering high intensity of pulsed light can exert similar effect...

..The patient had low serum lipase levels, but high serum amylase levels at the time of TEN. These serological markers could represent a clue for the risk of developing cystic lesions of the large salivary glands following TEN...

..The dermal dendrocytes were abundant in the peritumoral stroma. This situation was previously interpreted as a favourable prognostic factor...

..It underlines the importance of rapidly recognizing HSV infection in Darier disease and stresses the risk of lethal outcome. The different risk factors for HSV infection in this patient are reviewed...

..Genophotodermatoses can result from a defect in melanin synthesis, a defect in DNA repair or a congenital photosensibility...

..By this mechanism, it inhibits the effects of TNF-alpha involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Enbrel is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis, and also for psoriatic arthritis...

..According to their nature, the molecular components of the skin which have been altered by these mechanisms can be repaired with various degrees of efficacy...

..Cultured keratinocyte allograft apparently offered no improvement in reepithelialization and did not prevent abnormal scarring in this TEN patient...

..There is evidence that its pathomechanism involves impaired detoxication of xenobiotics. Glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi) is a phase II detoxifying enzyme involved in drug metabolization by human keratinocytes...

..This review is an update of the current concepts about the diagnosis and treatment of mycosis fungoides, the most frequent entity among the primary cutaneous lymphomas...

..Intravenous aciclovir was initiated. The present case of simultaneous clinical infections by HSV-I and VZV underlines the importance of complementary viral identification testing in the event of unusual clinical presentations...

..The origins of the various forms of the disease are unclear. A toxic influence has been suggested, particularly for the progressive systemic scleroderma. However, the imputability of the suspected chemicals often remains unsettled...

..The artificial light sources are numerous. They emit a more or less delimited spectrum of wavelengths. Ultraviolet light dosimetry allows to control the amount of delivered energy...

..These results are in agreement with those previously described for naturally infected cats, and indicate that the 31.5 kDa keratinase is not a major antigen in M. canis infection...

..This entity may be designed as the koraxitrachitic syndrome (kappaomicronrhoalphaxi:grapnel- taurhoalphachiiotatauepsilonsigma: roughness)..

..The pathobiology of seborrheic dermatitis is rooted in a peculiar inflammatory reaction to Malassezia spp. Both topical corticosteroids and antifungals are routinely used with success, either singly or in combination...

..The clinical recovery appeared exceptionally rapid. Immunohistochemistry showed that the IG action probably developed on the CD95 receptor-ligand system at the keratinocytes surface...

..The important variability of the clinical signs in cats is poorly understood. Recently, a 31.5-kD keratinolytic subtilase was found to be a putative virulence factor...