P Evenepoel

..Whether FGF-23 and RRF are interrelated is unknown...

..Future nutrition guidelines should consider recommending a higher consumption of dietary fiber or potassium-free alternatives such as prebiotics in CKD patients...

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..In conclusion, superior dialytic clearance of both water-soluble solutes, beta(2)M, and pcr is achieved by high-flux HD as compared to PD...

..Although further confirmation is warranted, the data may point to a novel treatment option for chronic kidney disease patients in view of the potential toxic effects of p-cresol and related substances...

..PROM produces higher blood clearances for most toxins, which results in higher delivered treatment doses compared with a matching treatment with MARS...

..The aim of the present study was to evaluate the removal capacity and selectivity of the different inbuilt dialyzers and adsorption columns during a single 6-hour treatment...

..To evaluate the impact of PTX on blood pressure (BP), renal graft function and serum lipids, we performed a retrospective case-controlled study in renal graft recipients...

..Our aim was to evaluate the post-transplant natural history of parathyroid function and calcium metabolism in patients with a functional renal graft and to identify risk factors for persistent HPT...

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..This is the first intervention study in the field of mineral metabolism showing a beneficial effect on a hard end point...

..In conclusion, our data indicate that persistence of FGF-23 contributes to hypophosphatemia and suboptimal calcitriol levels in renal transplant recipients...

..These studies will definitely help to develop and implement guidelines with regard to the indication and timing of causal and symptomatic therapy...

..The performance of total calcium (tCa) in the diagnosis of blood calcium disturbances in renal transplant recipients is unknown...

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..Both the abrupt cessation of calcium-containing phosphorus binders and vitamin D (analogs) at the time of surgery and the recovery of renal function may be hypothesized to affect serum calcium levels in this period...

..Transplant recipients were (1:1) matched for estimated GFR with chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients...

..Although phosphate binders are often used in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), no large randomized controlled studies evaluating their use solely in this population have previously been reported...

..In these patients, therapy for SHPT should rather be focused on the primary trigger, i.e. the high phosphate load relative to the functional nephron mass...

..0), and heparin-coated membranes (1.3 m(2); AN69ST; Nephral 300ST, Gambro-Hospal, Meyzieu, France) may represent valid alternatives...

..To gain insight into the incidence, risk factors and consequences of parathyroidectomy in patients with a functioning renal graft, we performed a retrospective case-controlled study...

..Patient death continues to be a leading cause of renal transplant failure. This mortality of transplant patients is mainly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identification of predictions of early CVD may provide targets for intervention...

..Our data suggest that the rate and efficacy of removal of albumin-bound toxins are related to both the strength of the albumin binding and the saturation of the adsorption columns...

..Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is ultimately required in some of these patients...

..The clinical relevance of CaPhos deposition remains to be established...

..Compared with the use of a calcium-free dialysate, the number of analyses can be reduced substantially, making this method financially attractive...

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..Using the latter as a routine measure for therapeutic drug monitoring might mislead clinicians into drawing wrong conclusions in terms of relating questions of efficacy or toxicity to MPA exposure...

..These findings may encourage nephrologists to widen their field of interest beyond the scope of small water-soluble uremic solutes and middle molecules...

..CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that protein assimilation is impaired in ESRD patients. Moreover, this disorder is associated with the severity of the MIA syndrome...

..Higher trough levels of FK-506 during the first month, acute rejections, and higher BMI were the most obvious risk factors...

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..We found that low concentrate citrate is as safe as heparin for long-term interdialytic anticoagulation of permanent single lumen hemodialysis catheters but is more efficient from a pharmaco-economic viewpoint...

..Tacrolimus was the preferred immunosuppressive agent, resulting in fewer cases of pancreas graft loss and drug discontinuation compared with cyclosporin-ME...

..Further studies are warranted to confirm these results in a larger cohort...

..Our study shows that free p-cresol is a novel cardiovascular risk factor in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients...

..A booster dose did not enhance SP or SR rates. Influenza vaccination neither affected allograft function nor caused rejection episodes. In conclusion, influenza vaccination is efficacious and safe in renal transplantation...

..Since only a weak correlation was found with anamnestic data, regular TST evaluation in combination with a chest X-ray, is a useful tool to detect infection with M.tuberculosis in haemodialysis patients...

..In our center a living donation kidney transplant programme was started in 1997. Since then 40 cases of live donation kidney transplantation have been performed and are reported herein...

..0002), %cum(end) (r=0.408, P=0.0001), and urinary p-cresol output (r=-0.186, P=0.035). CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence that protein assimilation is impaired in CRF. This impairment might contribute to protein malnutrition in CRF...

..The peri-operative and immediate post-operative outcome of secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with subtotal parathyroidectomy is reported...

..They share important features such as the albumin-binding site, low dialytic clearance, and both originate from protein fermentation. Whether serum concentrations are related is, however, not known...

..Direct contact between fractionated plasma and the Prometh02 anion exchanger causes significant adsorption of procoagulant and anti-coagulant factors, associated with clinically relevant adverse events...

..This study was repeated after a 2-week lactulose intake period...

..We also investigated the influence of the administration of magnesium chloride on protein digestion and gastric emptying...

..The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) is a novel extracorporeal technique for liver support. We report the clinical results in the first 13 patients with severe liver failure treated at our institution...

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..Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has serious consequences for renal allograft survival, cardiovascular risk and patient survival...

..The current study aims to quantify these calcium needs and to identify predictors of a high calcium need present at the time of surgery...

..The specific characteristics of the inter-relationship between dose, concentration and clinical (side-)effects for tacrolimus have not yet been identified and extensive long-term pharmacokinetic studies are presently lacking...

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..UP causes skin damage, discomfort, sleeping disorders and diminished quality of life. Since UP is considered to be in part an immune-mediated inflammatory process, immunosuppressive drugs like tacrolimus may be beneficial...

..Because this side effect of MMF may also occur after solid organ transplantation and in other immune disorders, pharmacokinetic profiling of MPA and MPA acyl glucuronide is needed in future studies with MMF...

..Because humoral immunity is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a prospective placebo-controlled randomized study was started in patients with IgAN using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)...

..The case underscores that it is extremely important to distinguish between a pre-existing lymphoma diagnosis after transplantation and a true PTLD as the treatment options of both are very divergent...

..It is not known if p-cresol is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis...

..The incorporation of differently labeled substrates into a single test meal allows the assessment of different gastrointestinal processes in the overall assimilation of proteins...

..This case report also illustrates the different imaging modalities that can be used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors...

..This instillation study shows that lactose[15N,15N]ureide is a tool with good properties to investigate the effect of different types of carbohydrates on nitrogen metabolism in the proximal colon in vivo...

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..Therefore, dose adjustments of FK506 in patients with diarrhea must be carefully monitored, especially when doses of mycophenolate mofetil are also reduced...

..Because reduction or cessation of MMF was the only effective therapy, MPA or one of its metabolites may be suggested as a possible cause. However, reduction or cessation of MMF was associated with an increased risk for rejection...

..In this selected group of recipients with BKVIN, the use of adjuvant low-dose cidofovir therapy resulted in prolonged graft survival and stabilized graft function...

..Identifying patients at risk for late infection is clinically difficult; prolonged cytomegalovirus (CMV) monitoring is costly and cumbersome as follow-up intervals lengthen...

..Patients on the renal transplant waiting list and renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of premature cardiovascular (CV) disease and death...

..559, respectively). CONCLUSION: Increasing PD dose may compensate for deteriorating RRF with respect to the elimination of water-soluble solutes. This is not the case for the middle molecule beta2M and the protein-bound solute p-cresol...

..Because of the impact on drug absorption and gastrointestinal symptoms, further studies are indicated to corroborate the potential prokinetic properties of SDZ RAD...

..Our findings also suggest that better elimination of the unbound fraction is the most plausible underlying mechanism...

..Our case strongly supports a therapeutic role for high-dose steroids in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis during its initial inflammatory stage...

..Furthermore, the toxicity profile of this group of molecules is discussed...

..These observations strengthen the arguments that IBD is a systemic disease. Further research is needed to try to explain the significance of an increased eNO in IBD...

..We investigated whether the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin reduced serum concentration of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate, through interference with intestinal generation...

..The present prospective trial aimed to: (1) evaluate the immunogenicity of a standard influenza vaccine in HD patients, and (2) identify determinants of the immune response...

..In hemodialysis patients, the protein-bound uremic retention solute p-cresol is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated...

..Our data further suggest that protein-bound solutes are involved in the pathophysiology of uremic symptoms...

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..This review presents the available data on the epidemiology, causes, and consequences of late patient referral. Furthermore, it offers information to prevent late referral, improve CKD patient care, and change clinical practice...

..Other epuration techniques combining hemodialysis with adsorption have been developed. However, the benefit of these techniques remains to be proved...

..We halted the study after four inclusions due to repeated thrombosis of the arterio-venous conduit. In conclusion, FPSA is a promising technique to improve clearance of protein-bound uremic retention solutes...

..Nevertheless, it seems prudent, while awaiting the results of additional long-term studies, regularly to monitor these patients, especially those with increased nutrient demand, poor intake or suboptimal stores...

..Sodium octanoate binding competition is a novel sample preparation that allows for direct quantification of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate...

..To provide a review on current knowledge about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical complications of persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation (3HPT) and to discuss the surgical approaches...

..We report the results of two identical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet hydrochloride...